Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 9 - 16, 10.03.2020

Abstract

References

  • Ahasan AMSL, Quasem MA, Rahman ML, Hasan RB, Kıbrıa ASMG, Shıl SK. Macroanatomy of the bones of thoracic limb of an Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus). Int J Morphol, 2016; 34(3): 909-917.
  • Ahn D. Anatomical study on the diaphyseal nutrient foramen of the femur and tibia of the German shepherd dog. J Vet Med Sci, 2013; 75: 803-808.
  • Ajmani ML. A study of diaphysial nutrient foramen in human long bones. Anat Anz, 1982; 151: 305-314.
  • Bahadır A, Yıldız H. Veteriner Anatomi: Hareket Sistemi & İç Organlar. Ezgi Kitabevi, 2014; Bursa, Turkey.
  • Bassage LH, Ross MW. Enostosis-like lesions in the long bones of 10 horses: scintigraphic and radiographic features. Equine Vet J, 1998; 30(1): 35-42.
  • Campos FF, Pellico LG, Alias MG, Valencia RF. A study of the nutrient foramina in human long bones. Surg Radiol Anat, 1987; 9: 251-255.
  • Choudhary OP, Singh I. Morphometrical studies on humerus of Indian black buck (Antilope cervicapra). J Wildlife Res, 2016; 4(1): 06-09.
  • Daniel A, Read RA, Cake MA. Vascular foramina of the metacarpophalangeal sesamoid bones of Greyhounds and their relationship to sesamoid disease. Am J Vet Res, 2008; 69: 716-721.
  • Dursun N. Veteriner Anatomi I. Medisan Yayınevi, 2002; Ankara, Turkey.
  • Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG. Textbook of veterinary anatomy, 3rd ed., Saunders, 2002; Philadelphia, United States.
  • Evans HE, de Lahunta A. Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog. 4th ed. Saunders, St. Louis, 2013; pp: 129-136.
  • Garita B, Rapoff AJ. Osteon trajectories near the equine metacarpus nutrient foramen. Proc ASME Summer Bioeng Conf., 2003; Florida, USA.
  • Getty R. Sisson and Grossman's. The Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals. Vol. I, 5th ed. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, 1975; pp: 273-296.
  • Gümüsburun E, Yücel F, Ozkan Y, Akgün Z. A study of the nutrient foramina of lower limb long bones. Surg Radiol Anat, 1994; 16: 409-412.
  • Hughes H. The factors determining the direction of the canal for the nutrient artery in the long bones of mammals and birds. Acta Anat, 1952; 15: 261-80.
  • Johnson V, Beckett S, Márquez-Grant N. Differentiating human versus non-human bone by exploring the nutrient foramen: implications for forensic anthropology. Int J Legal Med, 2017; 131: 1757–1763, doi: 10.1007/s00414-017-1662-y.
  • Kara ME, Sevil-kilimci F, Onar V. Foraminal index on the dog femora. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 2011; 58: 229-232.
  • Kawahara G, Matsuda M, Kitai T, Sugiyama K, Aihara A. Anatomical observations on the foramen nutricium of the long bone (tubal bone) of the Japanese (further study) its location number and direction in the bone. Kaibogaku Zasshi, 1967; 42: 132-145.
  • Kizilkanat E, Boyan N, Ozsahin ET, Soames R, Oguz O. Location, number and clinical significance of nutrient foramina in human long bones. Ann Anat, 2007; 189: 87-95.
  • Kumar R, Mandloi RS, Singh AK, Kumar D, Mahato P. Analytical and morphometric study of nutrient foramina of femur in Rohilkhand Region. IJMHS, 2013; 3: 52-54.
  • Longia GS, Ajmani ML, Saxena SK, Thomas RJ. Study of diaphyseal nutrient foramina in human long bones. Acta Anat (Basel), 1980; 107: 399-406.
  • Martini FH, Timmons MJ, Tallitsch RB. Human Anatomy. 8th edition. Illinois: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2015.
  • McLeod WM, Trotter DM, Lumb JW. Bovine Anatomy. 1958; pp: 643-657, Minneapolis, Burgess.
  • Miller ME, Christensen GC, Evans HE. Anatomy of the Dog. 1964; pp: 234-245, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.
  • Mysorekar VR. Diaphysial nutrient foramen in human long bones. J Anat, 1967; 101: 813–822.
  • Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. Prepared by the international committes on veterinary gross anatomical nomenclature and authorized by the general assambly of the world association of veterinary anatomists (6th Edition). The Editorial Committee Hanover (Germany), Ghent (Belgium), Columbia, MO (U.S.A.), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), 2017.
  • Payton CG. The position of the nutrient foramen and direction of the nutrient canal in the long bones of the Madder-fed pig. J Anat, 1934; 68: 500-510.
  • Piermattei DL, Flo GL, Decamp CE. Handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair. 2006; pp: 818, Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
  • Raghavan D. Anatomy of Ox. 1964; pp: 97-117, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
  • Rhinelander FW. The normal microcirculation of diaphyseal cortex and its response to fracture. J Bone Joint Surg, 1968; 50: 784-800.
  • Rohlan K, Mathur R, Dangi A, Shringi N, Ganguly S, Kumar V. Morphometrical studies on humerus of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus). Int J Livest Res, 2018; 8(6): 177-184, doi: 10.5455/ijlr.20170829060005.
  • Shim SS, Copp DH, Patterson FP. Measurement of the rate and distribution of the nutrient and other arterial blood supply in long bones of the rabbit. A study of the relative contribution of the three arterial systems. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1968; 50(1): 178-183.
  • Shulman SS. Observations on the nutrient foramina of the human radius and ulna. Anat Rec, 1959; 134: 685-697.
  • Siddiqui MSI, Khan MZI, Sarma M, Islam MN, Jahan MR. Macro-anatomy of the bones of the forelimb of Black Bengal Goat (Capra hircus). BJVM, 2008; 6(1): 59-66.
  • Sim J, Ahn D. Anatomy of the diaphyseal nutrient foramen in the long bones of the pectoral limb of German Shepherds. Korean J Vet Res, 2014; 54(3): 179-184.
  • Skawina A, Wyczolkowski M. Nutrient foramen of humerus, radius and ulna in Human Fetuses. Folia Morphol, 1987; 46:17–24.
  • Sukumar CD. A study on the anatomical variations in diaphyseal nutrient foramina of humerus and its clinical implications. Int J Cur Res Rev, 2019; 11(15): 16-22, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2019.11154.
  • Uzuner MB, Ocak M, Geneci F, Kocabıyık N, Sargon MF, Al-Shouk A. Quantitative and morphometric evaluation of the foramina nutricia in the long bones of the upper and lower extremities in anatolian population. Kafkas J Med Sci, 2018; 8(1): 39–44, doi: 10.5505/kjms.2017.39259.
  • Wavreille G, Dos Remedios C, Chantelot C. Anatomic bases of vascularized elbow joint harvesting to achieve vascularised allograft. Surg Radiol Anat, 2006; 28: 498–510.
  • Xue Z, Ding H, Hu C, Xu H, An Z. An anatomical study of the nutrient foramina of the human humeral diaphysis. Med Sci Monit, 2016; 22: 1637–1645, doi: 10.12659/MSM.898361.
  • Zahra SU, Kervancioğlu P, Bahşi İ. Morphological and topographical anatomy of nutrient foramen in the lower limb long bones. Eur J Ther, 2018; 24: 36-43, doi: 10.5152/EurJTher.2017.147.

Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 9 - 16, 10.03.2020

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the numbers, directions, localizations, diameters, morphometric values of the nutrient foramina (NF) in humerus of domestic mammals and to reveal the differences between the right and left humerus in animal species.
Materials and methods: In the study, a total of 223 humerus, large ruminants (56), small ruminants (60), equidae (29), sus (24), carnivora-dog (42), and carnivora-cat (12), were examined in Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Van YYU. The numbers, shapes, directions, localization sites and localized surfaces of the NF’s were observed with the naked eye, and recorded. The locations of the NF’s were confirmed by calculating the Foraminal Index (FI). The diameters of the NF’s were measured using 1,2 mm (18 Gauge:G), 0,9 mm (20 G), 0,7 mm (22 G), 0,55 mm (24 G), and 0,1 mm (34 G) needles. In animal species, morphometric measurements were taken such as total length of the humerus (TLH), distance between the NF with the proximal end of the humerus (NFP), distance between the NF with the distal end of the humerus (NFD), FI and performed statistical analysis of the measured values.
Results: There was found a single NF in 99% of the examined humerus in the study. In general, it was seen that the NF’s were directed downwards, and located in the middle 1/3 with lower 1/3 segments. NF’s were determined to be localized to the facies caudalis in 100% of sus, in 93% of large ruminants and carnivora-dogs, and in 85% of small ruminants; however, in equidae and carnivora-cats were all localized to the margo medialis. According to the statistics, no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the right and left humerus NF measurement values in terms of morphometric properties. But only, the diameter of the NF in the small ruminants was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It was found that the morphological and morphometric differences of NF’s in right and left humerus of domestic mammals. Moreover, in these animals, it is thought that the study may help veterinary clinicians and surgeons in evaluating of the pathological conditions related to humeral NF and planning of the operative applications to be performed in this region.

References

  • Ahasan AMSL, Quasem MA, Rahman ML, Hasan RB, Kıbrıa ASMG, Shıl SK. Macroanatomy of the bones of thoracic limb of an Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus). Int J Morphol, 2016; 34(3): 909-917.
  • Ahn D. Anatomical study on the diaphyseal nutrient foramen of the femur and tibia of the German shepherd dog. J Vet Med Sci, 2013; 75: 803-808.
  • Ajmani ML. A study of diaphysial nutrient foramen in human long bones. Anat Anz, 1982; 151: 305-314.
  • Bahadır A, Yıldız H. Veteriner Anatomi: Hareket Sistemi & İç Organlar. Ezgi Kitabevi, 2014; Bursa, Turkey.
  • Bassage LH, Ross MW. Enostosis-like lesions in the long bones of 10 horses: scintigraphic and radiographic features. Equine Vet J, 1998; 30(1): 35-42.
  • Campos FF, Pellico LG, Alias MG, Valencia RF. A study of the nutrient foramina in human long bones. Surg Radiol Anat, 1987; 9: 251-255.
  • Choudhary OP, Singh I. Morphometrical studies on humerus of Indian black buck (Antilope cervicapra). J Wildlife Res, 2016; 4(1): 06-09.
  • Daniel A, Read RA, Cake MA. Vascular foramina of the metacarpophalangeal sesamoid bones of Greyhounds and their relationship to sesamoid disease. Am J Vet Res, 2008; 69: 716-721.
  • Dursun N. Veteriner Anatomi I. Medisan Yayınevi, 2002; Ankara, Turkey.
  • Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG. Textbook of veterinary anatomy, 3rd ed., Saunders, 2002; Philadelphia, United States.
  • Evans HE, de Lahunta A. Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog. 4th ed. Saunders, St. Louis, 2013; pp: 129-136.
  • Garita B, Rapoff AJ. Osteon trajectories near the equine metacarpus nutrient foramen. Proc ASME Summer Bioeng Conf., 2003; Florida, USA.
  • Getty R. Sisson and Grossman's. The Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals. Vol. I, 5th ed. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, 1975; pp: 273-296.
  • Gümüsburun E, Yücel F, Ozkan Y, Akgün Z. A study of the nutrient foramina of lower limb long bones. Surg Radiol Anat, 1994; 16: 409-412.
  • Hughes H. The factors determining the direction of the canal for the nutrient artery in the long bones of mammals and birds. Acta Anat, 1952; 15: 261-80.
  • Johnson V, Beckett S, Márquez-Grant N. Differentiating human versus non-human bone by exploring the nutrient foramen: implications for forensic anthropology. Int J Legal Med, 2017; 131: 1757–1763, doi: 10.1007/s00414-017-1662-y.
  • Kara ME, Sevil-kilimci F, Onar V. Foraminal index on the dog femora. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 2011; 58: 229-232.
  • Kawahara G, Matsuda M, Kitai T, Sugiyama K, Aihara A. Anatomical observations on the foramen nutricium of the long bone (tubal bone) of the Japanese (further study) its location number and direction in the bone. Kaibogaku Zasshi, 1967; 42: 132-145.
  • Kizilkanat E, Boyan N, Ozsahin ET, Soames R, Oguz O. Location, number and clinical significance of nutrient foramina in human long bones. Ann Anat, 2007; 189: 87-95.
  • Kumar R, Mandloi RS, Singh AK, Kumar D, Mahato P. Analytical and morphometric study of nutrient foramina of femur in Rohilkhand Region. IJMHS, 2013; 3: 52-54.
  • Longia GS, Ajmani ML, Saxena SK, Thomas RJ. Study of diaphyseal nutrient foramina in human long bones. Acta Anat (Basel), 1980; 107: 399-406.
  • Martini FH, Timmons MJ, Tallitsch RB. Human Anatomy. 8th edition. Illinois: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2015.
  • McLeod WM, Trotter DM, Lumb JW. Bovine Anatomy. 1958; pp: 643-657, Minneapolis, Burgess.
  • Miller ME, Christensen GC, Evans HE. Anatomy of the Dog. 1964; pp: 234-245, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.
  • Mysorekar VR. Diaphysial nutrient foramen in human long bones. J Anat, 1967; 101: 813–822.
  • Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. Prepared by the international committes on veterinary gross anatomical nomenclature and authorized by the general assambly of the world association of veterinary anatomists (6th Edition). The Editorial Committee Hanover (Germany), Ghent (Belgium), Columbia, MO (U.S.A.), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), 2017.
  • Payton CG. The position of the nutrient foramen and direction of the nutrient canal in the long bones of the Madder-fed pig. J Anat, 1934; 68: 500-510.
  • Piermattei DL, Flo GL, Decamp CE. Handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair. 2006; pp: 818, Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
  • Raghavan D. Anatomy of Ox. 1964; pp: 97-117, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
  • Rhinelander FW. The normal microcirculation of diaphyseal cortex and its response to fracture. J Bone Joint Surg, 1968; 50: 784-800.
  • Rohlan K, Mathur R, Dangi A, Shringi N, Ganguly S, Kumar V. Morphometrical studies on humerus of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus). Int J Livest Res, 2018; 8(6): 177-184, doi: 10.5455/ijlr.20170829060005.
  • Shim SS, Copp DH, Patterson FP. Measurement of the rate and distribution of the nutrient and other arterial blood supply in long bones of the rabbit. A study of the relative contribution of the three arterial systems. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1968; 50(1): 178-183.
  • Shulman SS. Observations on the nutrient foramina of the human radius and ulna. Anat Rec, 1959; 134: 685-697.
  • Siddiqui MSI, Khan MZI, Sarma M, Islam MN, Jahan MR. Macro-anatomy of the bones of the forelimb of Black Bengal Goat (Capra hircus). BJVM, 2008; 6(1): 59-66.
  • Sim J, Ahn D. Anatomy of the diaphyseal nutrient foramen in the long bones of the pectoral limb of German Shepherds. Korean J Vet Res, 2014; 54(3): 179-184.
  • Skawina A, Wyczolkowski M. Nutrient foramen of humerus, radius and ulna in Human Fetuses. Folia Morphol, 1987; 46:17–24.
  • Sukumar CD. A study on the anatomical variations in diaphyseal nutrient foramina of humerus and its clinical implications. Int J Cur Res Rev, 2019; 11(15): 16-22, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2019.11154.
  • Uzuner MB, Ocak M, Geneci F, Kocabıyık N, Sargon MF, Al-Shouk A. Quantitative and morphometric evaluation of the foramina nutricia in the long bones of the upper and lower extremities in anatolian population. Kafkas J Med Sci, 2018; 8(1): 39–44, doi: 10.5505/kjms.2017.39259.
  • Wavreille G, Dos Remedios C, Chantelot C. Anatomic bases of vascularized elbow joint harvesting to achieve vascularised allograft. Surg Radiol Anat, 2006; 28: 498–510.
  • Xue Z, Ding H, Hu C, Xu H, An Z. An anatomical study of the nutrient foramina of the human humeral diaphysis. Med Sci Monit, 2016; 22: 1637–1645, doi: 10.12659/MSM.898361.
  • Zahra SU, Kervancioğlu P, Bahşi İ. Morphological and topographical anatomy of nutrient foramen in the lower limb long bones. Eur J Ther, 2018; 24: 36-43, doi: 10.5152/EurJTher.2017.147.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section 2020 Volume 4 Number 1
Authors

Osman Yılmaz 0000-0003-2013-9213

Publication Date March 10, 2020
Submission Date January 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, O. (2020). Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 4(1), 9-16.
AMA Yılmaz O. Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals. TJVR. March 2020;4(1):9-16.
Chicago Yılmaz, Osman. “Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 9-16.
EndNote Yılmaz O (March 1, 2020) Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 4 1 9–16.
IEEE O. Yılmaz, “Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals”, TJVR, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2020.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Osman. “Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 4/1 (March 2020), 9-16.
JAMA Yılmaz O. Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals. TJVR. 2020;4:9–16.
MLA Yılmaz, Osman. “Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 4, no. 1, 2020, pp. 9-16.
Vancouver Yılmaz O. Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals. TJVR. 2020;4(1):9-16.