Infaunal Community Responses to the Gradient of Heavy-metals in Langstone Harbour, UK

Year 2020, , 193 - 227, 24.07.2020

Elif Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.741553

Abstract

The complex nature of the marine environments including a broad array of factors seems inconvenient to have specific indicator organisms alerting the changes in ecological quality based on pollutant inputs to water bodies. Benthic infauna, however, may respond to the pollution-induced spatial quality changes in a tidal inlet as they are incapable to avoid from the pollution sources and hence, from low quality of sediment and water. This research suggested that the interaction of sediment metal stressors and the possible associated factors finer grain fractions, estuary position and depth is likely to encounter with a specific distributional pattern of infauna. The communities of macroinfauna in Langstone Harbour were studied spatially from 36 samples collected across four subtidal stations, two each to the upper northern and the southern of the platform. The distinct variations in communities between and within stations and the most contributed species to variations were determined using multivariate analysis techniques. The structured model showed that the measured environmental factors explained 29.4% of infaunal community structure in the harbour with the highest contribution of chromium (6.6%). Environmental patterns suggested the increasing metal deposition in the finergrained muddy sediments towards the innermost basin with stagnant and shallower waters.

Keywords

Macroinfaunal distribution, infaunal community, subtidal sediment, heavy metals, Langstone Harbour

Thanks

This research project was designed and performed over the course of 2018/2019 academic year in the UK for the degree of Master of Science. I would like to express my gratitude to the Turkish Government and Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education for sponsoring and supporting my educational process to pursue my MSc degree.

References

• Anderson M. J., Gorley R.N. & Clarke K.R. 2008. PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER: Guide to software and statistical methods. Plymouth, UK: PRIMER-E.
• ANZECC (Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council), & ARMCANZ (Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand) (2000). Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality. (National water quality management strategy; no.4). Canberra: ANZECC & ARMCANZ.
• Bale, A. J., & Kenny, A. J. (2005). Sediment analysis and seabed characterisation. In A. Eleftheriou and A. McIntyre (Eds.), Methods for the study of marine benthos (3nd ed., pp. 43-86). Carlton, Australia: Blackwell Science Ltd.
• Bilyard, R. G. (1987). The value of benthic infauna in marine pollution monitoring studies. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 18(11), 581-585.
• Borja, A., Franco, J., & Pérez, V. (2000). A marine biotic index to establish the ecological quality of soft-bottom benthos within European estuarine and coastal environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40(12), 1100-1114.
• Bray, R. J., Curtis, J. T. (1957). An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs, 27(4), 325–349.
• Callier, M. D., Fletcher, R. L., Thorp, C. H., & Fichet, D. (2009). Macrofaunal community responses to marina-related pollution on the south coast of England and west coast of France. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89(1), 19-29.
• Campbell, A. C. (2005). Philip's guide to seashores and shallow seas. London: Philip's.
• Chapman, P. M., Wang, F., Germano, J. D., & Batley, G. (2002). Pore water testing and analysis: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(5), 359-366.
• Chen, C. W., & Orlob, G. T. (1972). The accumulation and significance of sludge near San Diego outfall. Water Pollution Control Federation, 44(7), 1362-1371.
• Clarke, K. R., & Gorley, R. N. (2006). PRIMER v6: User manual/tutorial. (Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecological Research). Plymouth, PRIMER-E.
• Clarke, K. R., & Warwick, R. M. (1994). Change in marine communities: An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation (2nd ed.). Plymouth, UK: Plymouth Marine Laboratory.
• Clarke, K. R., & Warwick, R. M. (2001). Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation (2nd ed.). Plymouth: PRIMER-E.
• Dauer, D. M. (1993). Biological criteria, environmental health and estuarine macrobenthic community structure. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 26(5), 249–257.
• Davutluoglu, O. I., Seckin, G., Ersu, C. B., Yilmaz, T., & Sari, B. (2011). Heavy metal content and distribution in surface sediments of the Seyhan River, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 92(9), 2250-2259.
• De Jong, S., & Tanner, J. (2004). Environmental risk assessment of marine finfish aquaculture in South Australia. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. RD03/0044-4. Adelaide, SARDI Aquatic Sciences.
• Dean, H. K. (2008). The use of polychaetes (Annelida) as indicator species of marine pollution: a review. Revista de Biologica Tropical (Int. J. Trop. Biol.), 56(4), 11-38.
• Demirbas, A., Pehlivan E., Gode, F., Altun, T., & Arslan, G. (2005). Adsorption of Cu (II), Zn (II), Ni (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) from aqueous solution on Amberlite IR-120 synthetic resin. Journal of Colloid and Science, 282(1), 20-25.
• Environment Agency (2016). Nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ) designation 2017 – Eutrophic waters (estuaries and coastal waters). (Langstone Harbour, ET2). Bristol: The Environment Agency.
• Fauchald, K., & Jumars, P. A. (1979). The diet of worms: a study of Polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanography and Marine Biology, An Annual Review, 17, 193-284.
• Fleeger, J. W., Carman, K. R., & Nisbet, R. M. (2003). Indirect effects of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment, 317(1-3), 207–233.
• Förstner U. (1981). Metal pollution assessment from sediment analysis. In Metal pollution in the aquatic environment (2nd ed., pp. 110-196). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
• Förstner, U. & Salomons, W. (1980). Trace metal analysis on polluted sediments. Part I: Assessment of sources and intensities. Environmental Technology Letters, 1, 494-505.
• Gall, M. L. (2010). Tolerance and the assessment of heavy metal pollution in sessile invertebrates (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of New South Wales, Sydney.
• Geffard, O., Geffard, A., Budzinski, H., Crouzet, C., Menasria, R., Amiard, J., & Amiard-Triquet, C. (2005). Mobility and potential toxicity of sediment-bound metals in a tidal estuary. Environmental Toxicology, 20(4), 407-417.
• Gheorghe, S., Stoica, C., Vasile, G. G., Nita-Lazar, M., Stanescu, E., & Lucaciu, I. E. (2017). Metals toxic effects in aquatic ecosystems: modulators of water quality. In H. Tutu (Ed.), Water Quality (pp. 59-89).
• Gogina, M., Glockzin, M., & Zettler, M. L. (2010). Distribution of benthic macrofaunal communities in the western Baltic Sea with regard to near-bottom environmental parameters. 1. Causal analysis. Journal of Marine Systems, 79(1-2), 112–123.
• Gray, J. S. (1974). Animal-sediment relationships. Oceanography and Marine Biology: Annual Review, 12, 223-261.
• Gray, J. S. (1989). Effects of environmental stress on species rich assemblages. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 37(1-2), 19-32.
• Gray, J. S., & Mirza, F. M. (1979). A possible method for the detection of pollution-induced disturbance on marine benthic communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 10(5), 142-146.
• Groot, A. J. de, Zschuppel, K. H., & Salomons, W. (1982). Standardization of methods of analysis for heavy metals in sediments. Hydrobiologia, 91(1). 689-695.
• Hseu, Z. Y., Chen Z. S., Tsai, C. C., Tsui, C. C, Cheng, S. F., Liu, C. L., & Lin, H. T. (2002). Digestion methods for total heavy metals in sediments and soils. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 141(1-4), 189- 205.
• Huston, M. (1979). A general hypothesis of species diversity. The American Naturalist, 113(1), 81-101.
• Jiao, Z., Li, H., Song, M., & Wang, L. (2018). Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment of the Pearl River Estuary, China. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 394(5).
• Knott, N. A., Aulbury, J. P., Brown, T. H., & Johnston, E. H. (2009). Contemporary ecological threats from historical pollution sources impacts of large‐scale resuspension of contaminated sediments on sessile invertebrate recruitment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46(4), 770-781.
• Kruskal, J. B. (1964). Multidimensional scaling by optimizing a goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika, 29, 1-28.
• Labianca, C., De Gisi, S., & Notarnicola, M. (2018). Assessing the correlation between contamination sources and environmental quality of marine sediments using multivariate analysis. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal (EEMJ), 17(10), 2391–2399.
• Larsen, L-H. (1997). Soft-bottom macro invertebrate fauna of North Norwegian coastal waters with particular reference to sill-basins. Part one: Bottom topography and species diversity. Hydrobiologia, 355, 101–113.
• Long, E. R., Macdonald, D. D., Smith, S. L., & Calder, F. D. (1995). Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediment. Environmental Management, 19(1), 81-97.
• Melo, A. S., Pereira, R. A. S., Santos, A. J., Shepherd, G. J., Machado, G., Medeiros, H. F. & Sawaya, R. J. (2003). Comparing species richness among assemblages using sample units: why not use extrapolation methods to standardize different sample sizes? Oikos, 101(2), 398–410.
• Nguyen, T. X., Nguyen, B. T., Tran, H. T. T., Le, T. T., Trinh, T. T., Trinh, T. T., … Vo, H. D. T. (2019). The interactive effect of the season and estuary position on the concentration of persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment from the Cua Dai estuary in Vietnam. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 26(11), 10756–10766.
• Pearson, T. H., & Rosenberg, R. (1978). Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 16, 229-311.
• Persaud, D., Jaagumagi, R., & Hayton, A. (1993). Guidelines for the protection and management of aquatic sediment quality in Ontario. Ontario: Queen's Printer for Ontario.
• Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. (2016). Leptopentacta elongata (Duben & Koren, 1845). In Encyclopaedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved from http://www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/species.asp?item=ZB4640
• Pini J. M., Richir, J., & Watson, G. J. (2015). Metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation in the polychaete Nereis (Alitta) virens (Sars): the effects of site-specific sediment characteristics. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 95(2), 565–575.
• Plass, M. (2013). RSPB handbook of the seashore. London: Bloomsbury.
• Podlesińska, W. & Dąbrowska, H. (2019). Amphipods in estuarine and marine quality assessment – a review. Oceanologia, 61(2), 179-196. Rhoads, D. C., & Young, D. K. (1970). The influence of deposit-feeding organisms on sediment stability and community trophic structure. Journal of Marine Research, 28(2), 150–178.
• Ritz, D.A., Lewis, M.E., & Shen, M. (1989). Response to organic enrichment of infaunal macrobenthic communities under salmonid sea cages. Marine Biology, 103(2), 211-214.
• Ryu, J., Khim, J. S., Kang, S.-G., Kang, D., Lee, C., & Koh, C. (2011). The impact of heavy metal pollution gradients in sediments on benthic macrofauna at population and community levels. Environmental Pollution, 159(10), 2622–2629.
• Saiz-Salinas, J. I., & González-Oreja, J. A. (2000). Stress in estuarine communities: lessons from the highly-impacted Bilbao estuary (Spain). Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery, 7(1), 43–55.
• Salas, F., Marcos, C., Neto, J. M., Patrício, J., Pérez-Ruzafa, A., & Marques, J. C. (2006). User-friendly guide for using benthic ecological indicators in coastal and marine quality assessment. Ocean and Coastal Management, 49(5-6), 308–331.
• Sharifuzzaman S. M., Rahman H., Ashekuzzaman, S.M., Islam M.M., Chowdhury S.R., & Hossain M.S. (2016). Heavy metals accumulation in coastal sediments. In H. Hasegawa, I. Rahman, & M. Rahman (Eds.), Environmental remediation technologies for metal-contaminated soils (pp. 21-42). Tokyo, Springer.
• Singovzka, E., Junakova, N., & Balintova, M. (2016). The Effect of Sediment Grain Size on Heavy Metal Content in Different Depth in Water Reservoir Ruzin, Slovakia. Solid State Phenomena, 244, 240-245.
• Southern Water (2011). Management of wastewater in Portsmouth and Havant. Retrieved from https://www.southernwater.co.uk/Media/Default/images/3060_PortsmouthHavant_WWT_v4.pdf
• Stankovic, S., Kalaba, P., & Stankovic, A. R. (2014). Biota as toxic metal indicators. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 12, 63–84.
• Statham, P., J. (2000). Trace metals in waters, sediments and biota of the Solent system: a synopsis of existing information. In M. Collins & K. Ansell (Eds.), Solent science- a review. Proceedings in Marine Science, 1, (pp. 149-161). New York: Elsevier Science B. V.
• Stebbing, P., Tidbury, H., & Hill, T. (2015). Development of priority species lists for monitoring and surveillance of marine non-natives in the UK. In: Cefas Contract Report C6484.
• Sterry, P., & Cleave, A. (2012). Collins complete guide to British coastal wildlife. (UK ed.) London: HarperCollins.
• Thomas, P. M. D., Pears, S., Hubble, M., & Pérez-Dominguez, R. (2016). Intertidal sediment surveys of Langstone Harbour SSSI, Ryde Sands and Wootton Creek SSSI and Newtown Harbour SSSI (APEM Scientific Report 414122). Winchester: Natural England.
• Turner, A. (2000). Trace metal contamination in sediments from U.K. estuaries: An empirical evaluation of the role of hydrous iron and manganese oxides. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 50(3), 355–371.
• United States. Environmental Protection Agency (1994). Method 3051: Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils. In SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
• Usero, J., Gamero, M., Morillo, J., & Gracia, I. (1998). Comparative study of three sequential extraction procedures for metals in marine sediments. Environment International, 24(4), 487-496.
• Warwick, R. M. (1988). The level of taxonomic discrimination required to detect pollution effects on marine benthic communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 19(6), 259-268.
• Warwick, R. M., & Clarke, K.R. (1993). Increased variability as a symptom of stress in marine communities.
• Weichart, G. (1973). The North Sea pollution. The Science of Nature, 60(10), 469-472.
• Weisberg, S. B., Ranasinghe, J. A., Dauer, D. M., Schaffner, L. C., Diaz, R. J., & Frithsen, J. B. (1997). An estuarine benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries and Coasts, 20(1), 149-158.
• Wentworth, C. K. (1922). A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. The Journal of Geology, 30(5), 377-392.
• Wittmann, G. T. W. (1981). Toxic Metals. In Metal pollution in the aquatic environment (2nd ed., pp. 3-70). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
• Wood, J. M. (1974). Biological cycles for toxic elements in the environment. Science, 183(4129), 1049-1052.
• Woodin, S. A. (1978). Refuges, disturbance, and community structure: a marine soft-bottom example. Ecology, 59(2), 274-284.
• Wright, P., & Mason, C. F. (1999). Spatial and seasonal variation in heavy metals in the sediments and biota of two adjacent estuaries, the Orwell and the Stour, in eastern England. Science of the Total Environment, 226(2–3), 139-156.