ETNO-DİNSEL KİMLİKLERİN PSİKO-KÜLTÜREL DİNAMİKLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DE ALEVİ KİMLİĞİ UYANIŞININ DUYGUSAL BOYUTLARI

Year 2015, Issue: 74, 171 - 197, 24.06.2015

Talha Köse

Abstract

Korku, aşağılanma ve mağduriyet gibi kolektif duyguları etkileyen önemli tarihsel dönemler,kolektif dramlar ve özellikle de olumsuz kolektif deneyimler hakkındaki popüler anlatılar, etnikve dini kimlikler üzerine yapılan çalışmaların önemli birer boyutudur. Katliamlar, savaşlar,büyük çaplı şiddet gösterileri ve aşağılayıcı kolektif deneyimler hakkındaki ortak anlatılarda büyük kimlik gruplarının oluşmasında ve sürdürülmesinde önemli roller oynamaktadır.Etno-dinsel kimliklerinin duygusal etkenleri olan “yâd etme” ya da “yeniden üretme” dinamikleribu çalışmanın araştırma konusudur. Bu çalışma, keder/mağduriyet, korku ve aşağılanmagibi bireysel ve kolektif duyguların birbirleri ile nasıl bir etkileşim içerisinde olduğunuve 1980 sonrası Türkiye’si bağlamında Alevi kimliğinin müzakeresi sürecini nasıl etkilediğiniincelemektedir. Aşağılayıcı deneyimleri konu alan bireysel ve kolektif Alevi anlatıları, yaygınbir şekilde paylaşılan grup anlatıları ve yaşam öyküleri aracılığı ile araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma;ötekileştirilmiş gruplara ait bireylerin yaşam öykülerindeki dönüm noktalarının, aşağılanma,korku, mağduriyet ve öfke gibi bireysel deneyimleri yaygın şekilde paylaşılan kolektiföyküler ile bağdaştırma/yeniden bağlama konusunda önemli bir rol oynadığını savunmaktadır.Marc Howard Ross’un geliştirdiği “psiko-kültürel anlatılar” ve “psiko-kültürel yorumlamalar”kavramları, kolektif duygulara ait Alevi anlatıların analizinde kullanılmıştır. Alevivatandaşların korkularını ve endişelerini somutlaştıran cisimleştiren “kötü adam” örneklerüzerine özellikle yoğunlaşarak mağduriyet hikâye anlatıları incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmayaait kuramsal varsayımlar ve bulgular; Türkiye’de ve Irak, Lübnan, Pakistan ve hatta Kuzeyİrlanda gibi diğer etnik ve mezhep topluluklarında var olan Alevi toplumlarının kimliklerineilişkin hoşnutsuzluklarının altında yatan sebeplere de ışık tutmaktadır.

Keywords

Alevi kimliği, psiko-kültürel dramalar, anlatı, aşağılanma, mağduriyet, kolektif duygular

PSYCHOCULTURAL DYNAMICS OF ETHO-RELIGIOUS IDENTITIES: UNDERSTANDING THE EMOTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF ALEVI IDENTITY REVIVAL IN TURKEY

Abstract

Popular discourses on significant historical episodes, collective dramas and especially the negative collective experiences that affect the collective emotions such as fear, humiliation and victimhood, are important dimensions of studies on ethno-religious identities. Shared narratives on massacres, wars, massive scale violence and humiliating collective experiences play roles in the formation and the maintenance of large group identities. The “remembrance” or “reproduction” of the emotional elements of ethno-religious identities is the research focus of this study. This study investigates the ways through which the personal and collective emotions such as grief/victimhood, fear and humiliation, interact with each other and influence the Alewi identity negotiation process within the context of post 1980 Turkey. Alewi personal and collective narratives on humiliating experiences are explored through life stories as well as widely shared group narratives. This study argues that the turning points in life stories of the individuals, who belong to the marginalized groups, play significant roles in connecting/ reconnecting the personal experience of humiliation, fear, victimization and anger with the widely shared collective dramas. Marc Howard Ross’ notions of “psychocultural dramas” and “psycho-cultural interpretations” are used to analyze Alewi narratives on collective emotions. Narratives on the victimhood stories are examined with specific focus on the archetypes of “villains” that embody fears and worries of Alewi citizens

Keywords

Alewi identity, psycho-cultural dramas, humiliation, victimhood, collective emotions, narrative

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