Modern ve Seküler Felsefenin Tasavvuf ve Zorlukları: Nasr’ın Bakış Açısı

Year 2021, Issue: 98, 245 - 258, 01.06.2021

Seyedamirhossein Asghari

Abstract

Evren, Alevi ve Bektaşi ve diğer Sufi düşüncelerinde İlahi bir tezahür Tajallī olarak tanımlanırsa, Alevi/Bektaşilerin ve Sufilerin modern egemen dünya görüşüne ve temelde seküler olan ve kutsal için yer bırakmayan bilime verdikleri yanıtları nelerdir? Böylesine seküler bir dünya görüşünün egemenliğiyle, Sufi’nin evrendeki İlahi varlığı iddiasının çürütüldüğü sonucuna varılabilir mi? Bu makale, modern bilim ve teknolojinin felsefi değerlendirmesi sorusunu Sufi perspektifinden inceleyecektir. Özellikle Sufi ve gelenekçi ekol perspektifinden modern bilim ve teknoloji olgusunu incelenecektir. Tasavvuf-felsefi bir düşünce için, esas olarak Nasr’ın eserlerinde detaylandırılan kutsal veya dini bilimi yeniden canlandırma fikri bu makalede değerlendirilecektir. Gelenekçi ekolün önde gelen isimlerinden biri olan ve aynı zamanda Shadhilī tarikatının bir Sufi’si olan Nasr, eserleri aracılığıyla “Dini ve Kutsal Bilimi” gelenekçi ve Sufi bakış açısıyla ele almanın gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu önerinin içinde modern bilim ve teknolojinin bir eleştirisi de yatmaktadır. Ona göre söz konusu görüş dinseldir ve eserlerindeki “kutsal bilim” terimi modern bilim ile yan yana getirilmiştir.Bir başka ifadeyle, Nasr, kutsal bilimin yeniden canlanmasının ister çevresel ister teknolojik ister ruhsal olsun, modernliğin çeşitli krizlerini iyileştirebileceğini öne sürmektedir. Bu iddia bu makalede değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca, bu makale Nasr’ın tasavvufta kutsal bilim ve dünya görüşü kavramına karşı laik doğasını belirleyen modern bilimin temel felsefi ilkelerine yönelik eleştirilerini araştıracaktır. Bu makale, tasavvuf ve felsefe bağlamında seküler ile yüzleşmede kutsal sorununu ana hatlarıyla araştırmayı ve incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır

Keywords

Alevi and Bektaşi, Tasavvuf, Modern Bilim, Geleneksel Bilim, Kutsal Bilim, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Seküler Bilim.

SUFISM AND CHALLENGES OF MODERN AND SECULAR PHILOSOPHY: NASR’S PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

If the universe is defined as a manifestation Tajallī of the Divine in the Alevi and Bektashi and other Sufi thoughts, what are their responses to modern dominant world view and science that is fundamentally secular and leaves no space for Sacred? With the dominance of such a secular world view, can one conclude that the Sufi claim of the Divine’s presence in the cosmos is refuted? This paper will study the question of philosophical assessment of modern science and technology from a Sufi perspective. It will particularly examine the phenomenon of modern science and technology from the perspective of the Sufi and the Traditionalist school. For a Sufi-philosophical thought, it will assess the idea of reviving sacred or religious science that is mainly elaborated in Nasr’s works. As a prominent figure of the Traditionalist School, also a Sufi of the Shadhilī order, Nasr emphasizes throughout his works the necessity of recovering “Religious and Sacred Science” from the Traditionalist and Sufi point of view. Embedded in this suggestion lies a critique of modern science and technology as well. The mentioned view, according to him, is religious, and the term “sacred science” in his works is juxtaposed to modern science. In other words, Nasr suggests that a revival of Sacred science can cure the various crises of modernity, whether it is environmental or technological, or spiritual. This claim will be assessed in this paper. Furthermore, this paper will investigate Nasr’s critiques of modern science’s fundamental philosophical principles as determining its secular nature in opposition to the notion of sacred science and worldview in Sufism. This paper aims to outline and examine the question of Sacred in the confrontation of Secular in the context of Sufism and philosophy.

Keywords

Alevi and Bektashi, Sufism, Modern Science, Traditional Science, Sacred Science, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Secular Science.

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