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KOJAJANİ AİLESİ VE İRAN SİYASİ GELİŞMELERİ (13-16. YÜZYIL)

Year 2022, Issue: 103, 171 - 185, 20.09.2022

Abstract

Güç kazanma sürecinin analizi ve ailelerin (hanedanların) sosyal gelişmeleri etkileyen yükseliş ve düşüşlerinin
analizi, tarih çalışmak için uygun bir yol olabilir. İran’ın Moğollar tarafından istila edilmesinden Safevi hanedanının
yükselişine kadar olan dönem, sosyal ve kültürel açıdan tarihin en karmaşık dönemlerinden birine işaret etmektedir.
Belki de hilafet makamının yokluğundan kaynaklanan dini kimlik bunalımının ortaya çıkması bu dönemin en göze
çarpan sosyal ve kültürel olayıdır. Diğer birçok bölge gibi Azerbaycan bölgesi ve Azari aileleri de bu olaylardan
etkilenmiştir. Bu bölgedeki etkili aileleri belirlemek, bu dönemin siyasi, sosyal ve kültürel gelişmelerini derinlemesine
incelemek için iyi bir rehber olacaktır. Kırsal kökenli Kojajani Ailesi o dönemin nüfuzlu ailelerinden bir tanesinir
ve ticari faaliyetleri, tasavvufi eğilimleri ve ilgileri ile ün salmışlardır. Bu gelişmeler esnasında aile, kendilerinin
siyasi, sosyal ve kültürel düşünce ve eylemlerini şekillendirmiştir. Bu makale, Kojajani Ailesi’nin 7. yüzyıldan 16.
yüzyıla kadar var olan düzenleri içersindeki gidişatı netleştirmeyi ve ayrıntılı olarak analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Çalışmanın bulguları, ailelerin koşullardaki değişikliklerle kendilerini yeniden konumlandırdıklarını ve sosyal
istikrarsızlığı güç kazanmak için bir fırsat olarak kullandıklarını göstermektedir. Kojajani Ailesi’nin seçkin fertleri
hayatları boyunca siyasi şartlara göre hareket etmişlerdir. Aile üyelerinin eylemleri, mistik Kutub’dan (yanılmaz
ve güvenilir manevi lider) Şeyh-ül İslam veya baş kadılığa, manevi-dini rütbeden vezirlik pozisyonuna (bakanlık
pozisyonu) kadar çeşitli biçimler almıştır. Ailenin Sünni fıkıh’tan Şii fıkıh okuluna kayması ve nihayet Seyyid
veya doğrudan Peygamberin soyundan gelen unvanını kullanmaları, bu hanedandaki gelişmelerin siyasi, sosyal
ve entelektüel kıvrımını/grafiğini oluşturur. Bu makalenin bulguları, Kojajani Ailesi’nin istikrardan ziyade siyasi
ve askeri istikrarsızlık döneminde daha iyi ilerleyebileceğini göstermektedir. İstikrarsızlık, ailenin ilerlemesini
engellemediği gibi önlerini de açmıştır. Aile liderleri/reisleri, yaptıkları yerinde hareketlerle ilerlemenin zeminini
hazırlamışlardır. Onlar mistik mevkilerinden Kadılık makamını elde ettiler ve daha sonra bakanlık makamına
ulaştılar. Dinlerini Sünni Müslümanlıktan Şii Müslümanlığa çevirdiler. Bu değişiklikler yerindeydi ve toplumun
sosyo-politik koşullarıyla eşzamanlıydı.

References

  • Al-Maqrizi, Taqi al-Din bin Ahmad (1997) Kitab al-Soluk li-Ma’rifat Duwal al-Muluk [Book of Entrance to the Knowledge of Royal Dynasties], Vol. 6. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub.
  • Alvansaz Khoyi, Mohammad (2004) Dar Ahval va Goftar Imamzadeh Khajeh Seyyed Mohammad Kojajani [On Biography and Discourses of Khajeh Mohammad Kojajani]. Qom: Ketab-e Shakuri Publishing House.
  • Alvansaz Khoyi, Mohammad (2002) ‘Yaadi az Mashayekh Qabrestan-e Kohan Kojajan’ [In Memory of Dignitaries Buried in Ancient Graveyard of Kojajan]. Payam-e Baharestan Magazine, IV (15), pp. 467-480.
  • Amini Hervai, Sadroddin Ibrahim (2004) Fotohat Shahi [Royal Conquests] (M. R. Nasiri, Rev.). Tehran: Association of Cultural Works and Relics.
  • Asqalani, Ibn Hajar (1986) Inba’ al-Ghumr bi-Abna’ al-Umr, Vol. 5. Beirut: Dar al-Elmiyah.
  • Behnami, Ahmad (2015) ‘Traces of Hafiz in Kojaj-e Tabrizi’s Poetry Book’, Gozaresh-e Miras, IX (5&6), pp. 82-87.
  • Dolatshah Samarqandi (2003) Tazkirat al-Sho’ara [Hagiology of Poets] (E, Brown, Rev.). Tehran: Asatir Publishing House.
  • Hafez Abru (1993a) Zubdat al-Tawarikh [Cream of Histories], Vol. 1 (S. K. Haj Seyyed Javadi, Rev.). Tehran: Nashr-e Ney Publishing House & Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press.
  • Hafez Abru (1993b) Zubdat al-Tawarikh [Cream of Histories], Vol. 2 (S. K. Haj Seyyed Javadi, Rev.). Tehran: Nashr-e Ney Publishing House & Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press.
  • Hafez Abru (2001a) Zubdat al-Tawarikh [Cream of Histories], Vol. 1 (S. K. Haj Seyyed Javadi, Rev.). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press.
  • Hafez Abru (2001b), Zubdat al-Tawarikh [Cream of Histories], Vol. 2 (S. K. Haj Seyyed Javadi, Rev.). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press. Hasheri Tabrizi, Mohammad Amin (1992) Rowzat ul-At’har [Sacred Tombs] A. Dolatabadi, Rev.). Tabriz: Sotudeh Publishing House.
  • Hosseini, Maryam (2001) Pir-e Pardeh Neshin; Darbareye Zendegi va Asar Junayd Baghdadi [The Life and Works of Junayd Baghdadi]. Tehran: Alzahra University.
  • Ibn Arabshah, Abu Mohammad (1991) Aja’ib al-Maqdur fi Akhbar Teymur [The Wonders of Destiny of the Ravages of Timur] (M. A. Najati, Trans.). Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi Publishing House.
  • Ibn Bazzaz, Ardebili Tavaku ibn Ismail (1994) Safwat al-Safa [The Elite of the Court] (Gh. Majd Tabatabai, Rev.). Tabriz.
  • Ibn Karbalayi, Hossein (2004a) Rawzat al-Jinan va-Jannat al-Janan [Garden of Paradise and Paradise of Paradises], Vol. 1 (M. J. Sultan al-Qaraei, Rev.). Tabriz: Sotudeh Publishing House.
  • Ibn Karbalayi, Hossein (2004b) Rawzat al-Jinan va-Jannat al-Janan [Garden of Paradise and Paradise of Paradises], Vol. 2, (M. Ja’far Sultan al-Qaraei, Rev.). Tabriz: Sotudeh Publishing House.
  • Kojajani, Khajeh Ghias al-Din Mohammad (2016) Divan-e Kojaji, Ghias al-Din Mohammad [Ghias al-Din Mohammad Kojaji’s Book of Poetry] (M. Rasti and E. Pour-Abrisham, Eds.). Tehran: Miras-e Maktub Publishing House.
  • Mashkurian, Mohammad Taqi & Ja’fari, Ali Akbar (2015) ‘Sadat Laleh Tabrizi dar Gozar be Asr-e Safavi’ [Laleh Tabrizi Seyyeds in Transition to the Age of Safavids]. Tarikh-e Islam va Iran Research Quarterly, Alzahra University, XXV (28), New Series, 118, pp. 247-272.
  • Monshi Qazvini, Budaq (1999) Jawahir al-Akhbar [Best of Chronicles] (M. Bahramnejad, Rev.). Tehran: Miras-e Maktub Publishing House.
  • Movahhed, Samad (2011) Seyri dar Tasavvof-e Azarbaijan [A Review of Sufism in Azarbaijan]. Tehran: Tahuri Publishing House.
  • Navayi, Abdolhossein (1971) Shah Tahmasb Safavi, Asnad va Mokatebat Tarikhi [The Safavid King Tahmasb, Historical Documents and Correspondences]. Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi Publishing House.
  • Palasi Shirazi, Hassan ibn Hamza ibn Mohammad (1947) Tazkira Sheikh Mohammad bin Seddiq al-Kojajani [Hagiology of Sheikh Mohammad bin Seddiq of Kojajan] (M. Najm al-Din Taromi, Trans.). Tabriz: Ahrar-e Tabriz Publishing House.
  • Rumlu, Hassan Beik (2010a) Ahsan al-Tawarikh [Best of History Books], Vol. 1 (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Asatir Publishing House.
  • Rumlu, Hassan Beik (2010b) Ahsan al-Tawarikh [Best of History Books] Vol. 3 (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Asatir Publishing House.
  • Roofehgar Haq, Mahmoud (2008) Andar Ahvalat Khajeh Mohammad Kojajani va Khandanash [On Biography and Personal Status of Khajeh Mohammad Kojajani and His Family]. Tabriz: Ahrar-e Tabriz Publishing House.
  • Safavi, Sam Mirza (2005) Tazkira Tuhfa-yi Sami [Sam’s Biographical Anthology of Poets] (R. H. Farrokh, Rev.]. Tehran: Asatir Publishing House.
  • Samarqandi, Kamal al-Din Abdul Razzaq (1993) Matla’ al-Sa’dayn va Majma’ alBahrayn [The Rise of the Stars and the Junction of the Two Seas], Vol. 1 (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
  • Samarqandi, Kamal al-Din Abdul Razzaq (2004) Matla’ al-Sa’dayn va Majma’ alBahrayn [The Rise of the Stars and the Junction of the Two Seas], Vol. 2 (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
  • Shirazi, Abdi Beik (1990) Takmilat ul-Akhbar [Complete Account of Events] (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Nashr-e Ney Publishing House.
  • Tarbiat, Mohammad Ali (n. d.) Daneshmandan-e Azarbaijan [Scientists of Azarbaijan]. Tabriz: Ferdowsi Library.
  • Tehrani, Abu Bakr (1977) Ketab-e Diarbakriya [History of Diyarbakr] (L. Najati and S. Faruq, Eds.). Tehran: Tahuri Publishing House.
  • Valeh Isfahani Qazvini, Mohammad Yusef (2000) Khold-e Barin: Tarikh-e Teymurian va Torkamanan) [The Heaven: History of Timurid and Turkoman Dynasties] (M. Mohaddes). Tehran: Miras-e Maktub Publishing House.

THE KOJAJANI FAMILY AND IRAN’S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS (13-16TH CENTURY)

Year 2022, Issue: 103, 171 - 185, 20.09.2022

Abstract

The analysis of power gaining process and, the rise and fall of families influencing social developments
can be an appropriate way to study history. The period from the Mongol invasion of Iran to the rise of
Safavid dynasty marks one of the most complicated epochs of history in social and cultural perspectives.
Perhaps the emergence of religious identity crisis resulting from the absence of a caliphate position is the
most outstanding social and cultural incident in this period. Like many other regions, Azerbaijan region and
Azari families were affected by these incidents. Identifying influential families in this region will be a good
guide for an in-depth study of political, social and cultural developments of this time. One of the influential
families in that period was Kojajani Family with a rural origin and which has risen to fame through business
activities, mystical tendencies and interests. During these developments, the family shaped their political,
social and cultural thoughts and acts. This paper intends to clarify and analyze in detail the trend Kojajani
Family has been through ever since its formation in the 7th century through the 16 century. The findings
of the paper indicate that families reposition themselves with the changes in conditions and make use of
social instability as an opportunity to gain power. Throughout their lives, the outstanding members of the
Kojajani Family acted according to the political circumstances. The actions of the family members have
taken various forms, e.g., from mystical Qutb (infallible and trusted spiritual leader) to Sheikh ul-Islam
or the chief judge, from mere spiritual-religious rank to the position of viziership (ministerial position).
The family’s shift from Sunni to Shia school of jurisprudence and finally their use of the title of Seyyed
or direct descendant of the Prophet constitute the political, social, and intellectual curve of developments
in this dynasty. The findings of this paper show that the Kojajani Family could progress better during the
era of political and military instability rather than during stability. Not only instability did not prevent their
progress but also paved the way for them. The heads of the family through their expedient actions were
preparing the grounds for progress. They achieved the position of Chief Judge from their mystic positions and
later attained the ministerial position. They changed their religion from Sunni Muslims to Shia Muslims. These
changes were timely and were concomitant with the sociopolitical conditions of the society.

References

  • Al-Maqrizi, Taqi al-Din bin Ahmad (1997) Kitab al-Soluk li-Ma’rifat Duwal al-Muluk [Book of Entrance to the Knowledge of Royal Dynasties], Vol. 6. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub.
  • Alvansaz Khoyi, Mohammad (2004) Dar Ahval va Goftar Imamzadeh Khajeh Seyyed Mohammad Kojajani [On Biography and Discourses of Khajeh Mohammad Kojajani]. Qom: Ketab-e Shakuri Publishing House.
  • Alvansaz Khoyi, Mohammad (2002) ‘Yaadi az Mashayekh Qabrestan-e Kohan Kojajan’ [In Memory of Dignitaries Buried in Ancient Graveyard of Kojajan]. Payam-e Baharestan Magazine, IV (15), pp. 467-480.
  • Amini Hervai, Sadroddin Ibrahim (2004) Fotohat Shahi [Royal Conquests] (M. R. Nasiri, Rev.). Tehran: Association of Cultural Works and Relics.
  • Asqalani, Ibn Hajar (1986) Inba’ al-Ghumr bi-Abna’ al-Umr, Vol. 5. Beirut: Dar al-Elmiyah.
  • Behnami, Ahmad (2015) ‘Traces of Hafiz in Kojaj-e Tabrizi’s Poetry Book’, Gozaresh-e Miras, IX (5&6), pp. 82-87.
  • Dolatshah Samarqandi (2003) Tazkirat al-Sho’ara [Hagiology of Poets] (E, Brown, Rev.). Tehran: Asatir Publishing House.
  • Hafez Abru (1993a) Zubdat al-Tawarikh [Cream of Histories], Vol. 1 (S. K. Haj Seyyed Javadi, Rev.). Tehran: Nashr-e Ney Publishing House & Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press.
  • Hafez Abru (1993b) Zubdat al-Tawarikh [Cream of Histories], Vol. 2 (S. K. Haj Seyyed Javadi, Rev.). Tehran: Nashr-e Ney Publishing House & Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press.
  • Hafez Abru (2001a) Zubdat al-Tawarikh [Cream of Histories], Vol. 1 (S. K. Haj Seyyed Javadi, Rev.). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press.
  • Hafez Abru (2001b), Zubdat al-Tawarikh [Cream of Histories], Vol. 2 (S. K. Haj Seyyed Javadi, Rev.). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press. Hasheri Tabrizi, Mohammad Amin (1992) Rowzat ul-At’har [Sacred Tombs] A. Dolatabadi, Rev.). Tabriz: Sotudeh Publishing House.
  • Hosseini, Maryam (2001) Pir-e Pardeh Neshin; Darbareye Zendegi va Asar Junayd Baghdadi [The Life and Works of Junayd Baghdadi]. Tehran: Alzahra University.
  • Ibn Arabshah, Abu Mohammad (1991) Aja’ib al-Maqdur fi Akhbar Teymur [The Wonders of Destiny of the Ravages of Timur] (M. A. Najati, Trans.). Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi Publishing House.
  • Ibn Bazzaz, Ardebili Tavaku ibn Ismail (1994) Safwat al-Safa [The Elite of the Court] (Gh. Majd Tabatabai, Rev.). Tabriz.
  • Ibn Karbalayi, Hossein (2004a) Rawzat al-Jinan va-Jannat al-Janan [Garden of Paradise and Paradise of Paradises], Vol. 1 (M. J. Sultan al-Qaraei, Rev.). Tabriz: Sotudeh Publishing House.
  • Ibn Karbalayi, Hossein (2004b) Rawzat al-Jinan va-Jannat al-Janan [Garden of Paradise and Paradise of Paradises], Vol. 2, (M. Ja’far Sultan al-Qaraei, Rev.). Tabriz: Sotudeh Publishing House.
  • Kojajani, Khajeh Ghias al-Din Mohammad (2016) Divan-e Kojaji, Ghias al-Din Mohammad [Ghias al-Din Mohammad Kojaji’s Book of Poetry] (M. Rasti and E. Pour-Abrisham, Eds.). Tehran: Miras-e Maktub Publishing House.
  • Mashkurian, Mohammad Taqi & Ja’fari, Ali Akbar (2015) ‘Sadat Laleh Tabrizi dar Gozar be Asr-e Safavi’ [Laleh Tabrizi Seyyeds in Transition to the Age of Safavids]. Tarikh-e Islam va Iran Research Quarterly, Alzahra University, XXV (28), New Series, 118, pp. 247-272.
  • Monshi Qazvini, Budaq (1999) Jawahir al-Akhbar [Best of Chronicles] (M. Bahramnejad, Rev.). Tehran: Miras-e Maktub Publishing House.
  • Movahhed, Samad (2011) Seyri dar Tasavvof-e Azarbaijan [A Review of Sufism in Azarbaijan]. Tehran: Tahuri Publishing House.
  • Navayi, Abdolhossein (1971) Shah Tahmasb Safavi, Asnad va Mokatebat Tarikhi [The Safavid King Tahmasb, Historical Documents and Correspondences]. Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi Publishing House.
  • Palasi Shirazi, Hassan ibn Hamza ibn Mohammad (1947) Tazkira Sheikh Mohammad bin Seddiq al-Kojajani [Hagiology of Sheikh Mohammad bin Seddiq of Kojajan] (M. Najm al-Din Taromi, Trans.). Tabriz: Ahrar-e Tabriz Publishing House.
  • Rumlu, Hassan Beik (2010a) Ahsan al-Tawarikh [Best of History Books], Vol. 1 (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Asatir Publishing House.
  • Rumlu, Hassan Beik (2010b) Ahsan al-Tawarikh [Best of History Books] Vol. 3 (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Asatir Publishing House.
  • Roofehgar Haq, Mahmoud (2008) Andar Ahvalat Khajeh Mohammad Kojajani va Khandanash [On Biography and Personal Status of Khajeh Mohammad Kojajani and His Family]. Tabriz: Ahrar-e Tabriz Publishing House.
  • Safavi, Sam Mirza (2005) Tazkira Tuhfa-yi Sami [Sam’s Biographical Anthology of Poets] (R. H. Farrokh, Rev.]. Tehran: Asatir Publishing House.
  • Samarqandi, Kamal al-Din Abdul Razzaq (1993) Matla’ al-Sa’dayn va Majma’ alBahrayn [The Rise of the Stars and the Junction of the Two Seas], Vol. 1 (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
  • Samarqandi, Kamal al-Din Abdul Razzaq (2004) Matla’ al-Sa’dayn va Majma’ alBahrayn [The Rise of the Stars and the Junction of the Two Seas], Vol. 2 (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
  • Shirazi, Abdi Beik (1990) Takmilat ul-Akhbar [Complete Account of Events] (A. Navayi, Rev.). Tehran: Nashr-e Ney Publishing House.
  • Tarbiat, Mohammad Ali (n. d.) Daneshmandan-e Azarbaijan [Scientists of Azarbaijan]. Tabriz: Ferdowsi Library.
  • Tehrani, Abu Bakr (1977) Ketab-e Diarbakriya [History of Diyarbakr] (L. Najati and S. Faruq, Eds.). Tehran: Tahuri Publishing House.
  • Valeh Isfahani Qazvini, Mohammad Yusef (2000) Khold-e Barin: Tarikh-e Teymurian va Torkamanan) [The Heaven: History of Timurid and Turkoman Dynasties] (M. Mohaddes). Tehran: Miras-e Maktub Publishing House.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sociology, Religious Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Esmaeil Hassanzadeh This is me 0000-0001-5558-9367

Hassan Hazrati This is me 0000-0001-7850-2981

Publication Date September 20, 2022
Submission Date July 22, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 103

Cite

ISNAD Hassanzadeh, Esmaeil - Hazrati, Hassan. “THE KOJAJANI FAMILY AND IRAN’S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS (13-16TH CENTURY)”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 103 (September 2022), 171-185.

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