AHMET YESEVİ'NİN MEZHEBİ EĞİLİMİ

Year 2025, Issue: 114, 273 - 292, 22.06.2025

Bauyrzhan Saifunov , Mukhit Tolegenov , Nurlybek Zhanykulov

https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1559619

Abstract

11. ve 12. yüzyıllarda Türkistan (Orta Asya) bölgesinde yaşamış olan Hoca Ahmed Yesevi (1041-1166), Türk milli kimliğinin temel taşlarını oluşturan Türk halkları arasında son derece saygın ve etkili bir âlim ve aynı zamanda Türk tasavvufunun kurucusudur. Sufi faaliyetinin Türkistan bölgesinde yaşayan Türk halklarının kendilerine ait yeni bir medeniyet yaratmalarına neden olduğunu görüyoruz. Türkistan'da Ehl-i Sünnet'in fıkhî boyutunu Hanefîlik ve Şâfiîlik, kelâmî boyutunu Eşarîlik ve Mâtürîdîlik oluştururken, tasavvufî boyutunu ise ağırlıklı olarak Yeseviyye, Kübreviyye ve Nakşibendiyye görüşleri etrafında şekillenen tasavvuf anlayışı oluşturmuştur. Dolayısıyla Ahmed Yesevi'nin mezhebi eğilimi Hanefilikle, dini görüşleri de Maturidilikle uyumlu olmalıdır. Aynı zamanda Ahmed Yesevi'nin siyasi algısı da doğal olarak Hanefi-Maturidi düşünce çizgisinde şekillenmiş olmalıdır. Yesevi'nin temel dini yönelimi hakkında çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından ortaya atılan çeşitli iddialar bulunmaktadır. Ancak konuyu doğru bir kanaatle ortaya koyabilmek için ilk yapmamız gereken şey araştırılacak kişinin kendi eserlerini esas almaktır. Çünkü bu bilimsel araştırmanın tamamlayıcı niteliğidir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada Yesevi'nin öğretilerine ilişkin ilk kaynaklar olarak kabul edilen kendi eserleri esas alınacaktır. Makale, Ahmed Yesevi'nin fıkhi, itikadi ve siyasi görüşlerinin Ehl-i Sünnet vel Cemaat ilminden kaynaklandığı sonucuna ulaşmaktadır. Kanaatimizce Ahmed Yesevî'nin günümüze ulaşan eserlerinden hareketle mezhebî eğilimlerini tespit etmek mümkündür. Makalede kendi eserlerinden hareketle Ahmed Yesevî'nin mezhebî eğiliminin fıkhî, itikadî ve siyasî yönleri betimsel yöntem ve metin analizi yöntemleri kullanılarak tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Keywords

Tasavvuf , Ahmed Yesevi , Mezhep , İman , Şia , Mübeydiyye , Hanefilik , Maturidilik.

Project Number

0

THE MADHHABİAN TENDENCY OF AHMAD YASSAWİ

Abstract

Khoja Ahmad Yassawi (1041-1166), who lived in the region of Turkestan (Central Asia) in the 11th and 12th centuries, was a highly respected and influential scholar among the Turkic peoples, who formed the cornerstones of Turkish national identity, and was also the founder of Turkish Sufism. We see that the Sufi activity caused the Turkic peoples living in the Turkistan region to create a new civilisation of their own. If the jurisprudential dimension of Ahl al-Sunnah in Turkestan was formed by Hanafism and Shafi'ism, and the theological dimension was formed by Asharism and Māturīdism, the mystical dimension of Ahl al-Sunnah in the region was mainly formed by the Sufism understanding shaped around the Yassawiyya, Kubraviyya and Naqshibandiyya views. Therefore, Ahmad Yassawi's madhhabian tendency should be compatible with Hanafiism and his religious views should be compatible Maturidiism views. At the same time, Ahmad Yassawi's political perception should naturally be shaped in the Hanafi-Maturidi line of thought. There are various claims made by various researchers about Yassawi's basic religious orientation. However, in order to present the subject with an accurate opinion, the first thing we need to do is to base ourselves on the own works of the person to be investigated. Because this is the complementary nature of scientific research. For this reason, in this research, his own works, which are considered the first sources regarding Yassawi's teachings, will be taken as basis. The article reaches the conclusion that the fiqh, creedal and political views of Ahmad Yassawi originate from the knowledge of Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jama'at. In our opinion, it is possible to determine Ahmad Yassawi's madhhabian tendencies based on his works that have survived to the present day. İn the article, based on his own works, the fiqh, belief and political aspects of Ahmad Yassawi's madhhabian tendency will be determined by using the descriptive method and textual analysis methods.

Keywords

Sufism , Ahmad Yassawi , Madhhab , Belief , Shia , Mubaydiyya , Hanafism , Maturidism.

Ethical Statement

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Supporting Institution

Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University

Project Number

0

Thanks

We would like to express our gratitude to the Research Institute of Yassawi for their invaluable assistance in providing research materials throughout the course of our investigation.

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