Author Guidelines and Manuscript Preparation Rules

Manuscripts submitted to our journal must strictly adhere to the structural, ethical, and formatting guidelines detailed below. To ensure a smooth review process, authors are expected to meticulously follow these instructions.

1. New Manuscript Submission and Online System

• Submission Conditions: Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; and that its publication has been approved by all co-authors (if any) as well as by the responsible authorities—tacitly or explicitly—at the institute where the work was carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.
• Online Submission Process: Manuscripts must be submitted via the journal's online submission system. You must register before submitting a new manuscript (ensure you select the "Author" role during registration). If you already have an account (e.g., as a previous author or reviewer), please log in directly.
• Uploading Files: Click the "Submit Article" link on the journal's homepage. Follow the on-screen instructions, fill in the required data, and click "Next" to save your progress. You will be prompted to upload your files: click "Browse," select the file from your computer, choose the appropriate file description from the dropdown menu, and click "Upload." Authors are responsible for verifying that all files are uploaded and displayed correctly.
• Tracking and Correspondence: Review your submission carefully before clicking "Submit." You can pause the submission process at any stage and save it for later. Upon successful submission, the corresponding author will receive a confirmation email containing a manuscript number, which must be referenced in all future correspondence. Authors can track the status of their manuscript via the online system at any time. You will be notified by email once a decision has been made.

2. Plagiarism Policy and Manuscript Template

• Plagiarism Check: In accordance with academic ethics, all scientific manuscripts submitted to our journal undergo a rigorous preliminary screening for similarity (plagiarism) using the Turnitin system. Only manuscripts with a similarity rate of below 30% will proceed to the peer-review process. Manuscripts exceeding this threshold will be returned to the author without review or directly rejected.
• Initial Submission vs. Accepted Manuscripts: For the initial submission (for peer-review evaluation purposes only), the preferred file format is a Portable Document Format (.pdf). However, upon acceptance, the final manuscript must be converted to the journal's official LaTeX (.tex) format.
• Template and Supplementary Files: Authors are required to use our official journal template to align their accepted manuscripts with our publication format and typographic standards.
  • Click here to download the LaTeX template and supplementary files

3. Permissions and Copyright

• Third-Party Material: Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are strictly required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both print and online formats. Evidence that such permission has been granted must be provided when submitting the paper. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate directly from the authors.

4. General Format and Page Layout

• Paper and Size: Manuscripts must be prepared in A4 size with a 12-point font.
• Language: The publication language of the journal is English. Utmost attention should be paid to academic English conventions.
• Margins: Margins must be set to 2 cm for the top and bottom, and 2.5 cm for the left and right sides of the page.

5. Title and Author Information

• Article Title: Must be 16-point, bold, and written in a way that clearly emphasizes the main contribution of the study.
• Author Names: Author names must be formatted as "First Initial. Middle Initial. SURNAME" (e.g., First A. AUTHOR). Clickable ORCID numbers for all authors must be included in the manuscript.
• Affiliation Information: Must be 10-point and italicized. It should include the University/Institution Name, Department Name, City, Country, and institutional e-mail address, respectively.
• Corresponding Author: The author responsible for correspondence must be indicated with an asterisk (*).

6. Abstract, Keywords, and Classification

• Abstract: Must be between 100 and 250 words, written in 12-point font, and entirely in italics. Subheadings must not be used within the text; the background, methods, results, and main findings must be smoothly summarized in a single, cohesive paragraph.
• Keywords: Immediately below the abstract, please provide 3 to 5 keywords formatted in bold and italic.
• Classification and Dates: Following the keywords, the MSC 2020 codes (e.g., XX-XX, YY-YY) indicating the mathematical field of the study must be provided. The placeholder areas for Received and Accepted dates must be preserved exactly as they are.

7. In-text Structure, Figures, and Equations

• Headings:
  • 1st Level (Main Headings): Left-aligned, 12-point, bold, and numbered (e.g., 1. Introduction).
  • 2nd Level (Subheadings): Left-aligned, 12-point, bold, and numbered (e.g., 1.1. Subsection).
  • 3rd Level Headings: Left-aligned, 12-point, bold, and formatted in sentence case (only the first letter of the first word capitalized).
• Tables: Table captions must be centered above the tables, and the first letter of each word in the title must be capitalized (Title Case). Professional academic tables with standard lines (using the booktabs package) are preferred.
• Figures: Figure captions must be centered below the figures, and the initial letters of the words in the title should be capitalized (Title Case).
• Equations: Mathematical equations must be numbered consecutively and aligned to the right. When referring to equations in the text, these numbers must be used directly (e.g., in Eq. 1).

8. Mandatory Declarations at the End of the Manuscript Following the Conclusions section and immediately before the References, the following declaration sections must be included in English, in this exact order:

• Acknowledgments: Individuals or institutions providing support must be mentioned. If there is no funding support, state: "The authors declare no specific grant or support for this research."
• Data Availability Statement: A clear statement indicating whether the research data is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
• Ethical Approval: Authors are obligated to declare whether human or animal subjects were used. If applicable, the ethical committee approval number and institution must be provided; otherwise, a standard negative declaration is required.
• Author Contributions: Using the authors' initials (e.g., F.A., S.B.), the specific contribution of each author (conceptualization, analysis, writing, etc.) must be declared, and it must be stated that all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
• Conflicts of Interest: Authors must explicitly declare whether they have any financial or personal conflicts of interest.

9. Citation and Reference Style The main heading for your bibliography must be REFERENCES. Reference citations in the text should be identified by numbers in square brackets (e.g., [1], [2]). The bibliography is arranged in the order in which the citations appear in the text. The original number assigned to the reference is used each time that reference is cited. All references must be complete and accurate, ensuring that every reference cited in the text is also presented in the reference list (and vice versa).

Author names must be formatted using initials followed by the surname (e.g., F. Author, T. Author and S.S. Author). The title of the manuscript/book in the references must be italicized and start with a capital letter. For journal articles, the format must strictly be "Vol(Issue) (Year), pages." (e.g., 30(8) (1922), 19-23. instead of Vol.30, No.8, 19-23, 1922).

Below are the strict templates to follow for different reference types:

    Books: Author Name, Title of book, Publisher: Place of Publication, (Year).

          Example: F. Author and S. Author, Title of the published book, Publisher Name: City, (2024).

    Journal Articles: Author Name, Title of article, Title of Journal (use abbreviations in the journal names), Vol(Issue) (Year), pages.

          Example: F. Author and S. Author, Title of the published journal article, Abbrev. Name of Journal, 12(3) (2024), 123-145.

    Conference Proceedings: Author Name, Title of proceeding, Conference Name, Date, City, Country, page number.

          Example: F. Author, T. Author and S.S. Author, Title of the conference proceeding, Name of the Conference, Month DD-DD (Year), City, Country, 111-122.

    Theses / Dissertations: Author Name, Title of thesis, Type of thesis (degree), Name of University, Country, (Year).

          Example: F. Author, Title of the thesis, PhD, Name of University, Country, (2023).

    Technical Reports: Author Name, Title of report, Abbreviated Name of Company/Institution, City, Country, Report number, (Year).

          Example: F. Author, Title of the technical report, Abbrev. Name of Inst., City, Country, Rep. 123, (2024).

    Patents: Author Name, Title of patent, Country and Patent Number, Month Day, (Year).

          Example: F. Author, Title of the patent, U.S. Patent X XXX XXX, Month DD, (2024).

    Standards:Title of standard, Standard number, (Year).

          Example: Title of the standard, Standard number, (2024).

    Websites / Online Resources: Author Name, Title of the webpage/resource [Type of medium], Available: URL, (Accessed: Month Day, Year).

          Example: F. Author, Title of the online resource, Available: http://www.url.com, (Accessed: Month DD, 2024).

10. Post-Acceptance Process (Galley Proofs and Reprints)

• Galley Proofs: Upon acceptance, galley proofs (page proofs) will be sent to the corresponding author via email. Authors are required to carefully review the proofs for typographical or formatting errors and return their corrections within 48 hours of receipt. Please note that no significant content changes or additions can be made at this stage.
• Offprints / Reprints: Once the article is officially published, the corresponding author will receive an email notification indicating that the final PDF version is available online. Authors can download their final manuscript free of charge and share it in accordance with the rights expressed in the journal's Copyright Notice. The journal operates digitally; therefore, printed offprints are not provided.

11. Language and English Editing Services To ensure that editors and reviewers can accurately assess the scientific content of your manuscript, the English language must be clear, professional, and grammatically correct. If you need assistance with academic English writing, we strongly recommend the following steps prior to submission:

• Asking a colleague who is a native English speaker to review your manuscript for clarity and flow.
• Utilizing a professional language editing service, where expert editors will improve the English language, ensure your meaning is clear, and identify grammatical issues.
• Please note: Manuscripts with poor English quality may be returned to the authors without peer review.