Author Guidelines and Manuscript Preparation Rules

Manuscripts submitted to this journal must strictly adhere to the structural and formatting guidelines detailed below.

1. General Format and Page Layout

• Paper and Size: Manuscripts must be prepared in A4 size with a 12-point font size.
• Language: The language of the manuscript must be English.
• Margins: Margins must be set to 2 cm for the top and bottom, and 2.5 cm for the left and right sides of the page.

2. Title and Author Information

• Article Title: Must be 16-point, bold, and written in a way that emphasizes the main contribution of the study.
• Author Names: Author names should be formatted as "First Initial. Middle Initial. SURNAME" (e.g., First A. AUTHOR). Clickable ORCID numbers must be included for all authors.
• Affiliation Information: Must be 10-point and italicized. It should include the University/Institution Name, Department Name, City, Country, and e-mail address, respectively.
• Corresponding Author: The author responsible for correspondence must be indicated with an asterisk (*).

3. Abstract, Keywords, and Classification

• Abstract: Should be between 100 and 250 words, written in 12-point font, and entirely in italics. It must not contain subheadings; the background, methods, results, and main findings should be smoothly integrated into a single, cohesive paragraph.
• Keywords: Immediately below the abstract, there should be 4 keywords written in bold and italic font.
• Classification and Dates: Following the keywords, the MSC 2020 codes (e.g., XX-XX, YY-YY) indicating the field of the study must be provided. The designated areas for Received and Accepted dates must be preserved.

4. In-text Structure, Figures, and Equations

• Headings:
  • 1st Level (Main Headings): Left-aligned, 12-point, bold, and numbered (e.g., 1. Introduction).
  • 2nd Level (Subheadings): Left-aligned, 12-point, bold, and numbered (e.g., 1.1. Subsection).
  • 3rd Level Headings: Left-aligned, 12-point, bold, and formatted in sentence case (only the first letter of the first word capitalized).
• Tables: Table captions must be centered above the tables, and the initial letters of the words in the title should be capitalized (Title Case). Professional tables with standard lines (using the booktabs package) are preferred.
• Figures: Figure captions must be centered below the figures, and the initial letters of the words in the title should be capitalized (Title Case).
• Equations: Mathematical equations must be numbered consecutively and aligned to the right. These assigned numbers must be used when referring to the equations in the text (e.g., in Eq. 1).

5. Mandatory Declarations at the End of the Manuscript

Following the Conclusions section and immediately before the References, the following sections must be included in this order:

1. Acknowledgments: Individuals or institutions that provided support should be mentioned. If there is no funding, state: "The authors declare no specific grant or support for this research."
2. Data Availability Statement: A statement indicating whether the research data is available from the corresponding author upon request.
3. Ethical Approval: Authors must declare whether human or animal subjects were used. If applicable, the ethical committee approval number and institution must be provided (if not, a standard negative declaration is required).
4. Author Contributions: Using the authors' initials (e.g., F.A., S.B.), specify the exact contribution of each author (conceptualization, analysis, writing, etc.) and state that all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
5. Conflicts of Interest: Authors must explicitly declare whether there are any conflicts of interest.

6. Citation and Reference Style (Detailed Rules)

The heading for your bibliography must be REFERENCES. Our journal uses a numbered citation system (numbers in square brackets, e.g., [1], [2]). References must be listed in the order in which they appear in the text. Author names must always be formatted as "First Initial. Middle Initial. Surname" (e.g., J. K. Author).

Below are the strict templates to follow for different reference types:

1. Books Author Name, Title of Book (Italicized), Edition number. City of Publisher, (U.S. State abbreviation only), Country: Abbreviation of Publisher, Year, chapter x, section x, page range.

• Example: J. K. Author, Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx--xxx.

2. Journal Articles Author Name, "Title of article (in quotation marks)," Abbreviated Title of Journal (Italicized), vol. x, no. x, page range, Abbreviated Month, Year.

• Example: J. K. Author, "Title of article," Abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx--xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.

3. Conference Proceedings Author Name, "Title of paper (in quotation marks)," in Unabbreviated Name of Conference (Italicized), City of Conference, State Abbreviation (if given), Country, Year, page range.

• Example: J. K. Author, "Title of paper," in Unabbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State (if given), Country, year, pp. xxx--xxx.

4. Theses / Dissertations Author Name, "Title of thesis (in quotation marks)," Type of thesis (e.g., M.S. thesis), Abbreviated Department, Abbreviated University, City of University, State Abbreviation, Year.

• Example: J. K. Author, "Title of thesis," M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.

5. Technical Reports Author Name, "Title of report (in quotation marks)," Abbreviated Name of Company/Institution, City of Company, State Abbreviation, Country, Report number, Year.

• Example: J. K. Author, "Title of report," Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, Rep. xxx, year.

6. Patents Author Name, "Title of patent (in quotation marks)," Country and Patent Number, Abbreviated Month, day, Year.

• Example: J. K. Author, "Title of patent," U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.

7. Standards Title of Standard (Italicized), Standard number, Date.

• Example: Title of Standard, Standard number, date.

8. Websites / Online Resources Author Name. (Year, Month Day). Title (edition) [Type of medium] (Italicized). Available: URL. (Accessed: Month Day, Year).

• Example: J. K. Author. (year, month day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available: http://www.url.com. (Accessed: Month day, year).