HAREKETLİ GÖRÜNTÜDE KARMAŞIK ANLATIYA PSİKANALİTİK YAKLAŞIM: NOLAN’IN MEMENTO FİLMİ

Year 2024, , 317 - 328, 28.12.2023

Gizem Öksüzoğlu

https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1384716

Abstract

Bu makale, Christopher Nolan’ın Memento eserini psikanalitik bir yaklaşımla hareketli görüntülerdeki karmaşık anlatının bir örneği olarak incelemektedir. Psikanaliz yorumcuların, film eleştirmenlerinin ve kuramcıların sinemayı analiz edebilmeleri için bir temel sağlamıştır. Bu makale, Freud’un bilinçdışı zihinle ilgili Buzdağı Analojisi’ni kullanarak bilinçdışı karmaşık zihinsel durumların ortaya çıkışı, bunların hareketli görüntülerde duydu ve davranışlarla nasıl ifade edildiği ve zihinsel durumlarını nasıl yansıttıkları arasındaki paralelliği incelemektedir. Makale, Memento’ya odaklamamakta ve filmi karakter ve anlatı yapısı açısından analiz etmektedir. Memento, Christopher Nolan’ın insan zihninin karmaşıklığının ve bilinçsizliğinin korkutucu boyutlarını yakalamadaki başarısı nedeniyle seçilmiştir. Nolan, karmaşık anlatı yapıları aracılığıyla, izleyicilerin bilinçsizliği ile çaresizlik, amaçsızlık korkusu, yanlış yargılama veya haksız muamele gibi bununla ilişkili olumsuz baskı ve stres duyguları arasında ilişkiler kurmuştur. Bu makale, sahne yapılarını, anlatıların karmaşıklığı ve bu anlatıların Leonard Shelbyinın bilinçdışı zihniyle olan ilişkisini psikoanaliz ve yorumlayıcı yaklaşımlarla metin analizi ve psikoanalitik film teorisi kullanarak incelemektedir. Filmin kahramanı Leonard Shelby’nin kafa travması sonucu değil, bilinçdışı bunu bir kalkan olarak kullanmasından kaynaklanan bağımsız bir ön bilinç ile bilinçli ve bilinçsiz olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır. Bilinç düzeyleri arasındaki kopukluk, siyah beyaz, hareketli bir görüntü olarak tasvir edilmektedir. Bu, Leonard’ın tersten oynanan anlatı versiyonuna istikrar ve tutarlılık sağlamaktadır. Memento’nun psikanalitik bir yaklaşımla incelenmesi, Freud’un bilinçdışı zihinle ilgili Buzdağı Analojisi üzerinden insanın karmaşık bilinçdışı zihinsel durumları arasındaki paralelliği ve bunun hareketli görüntü üzerinde nasıl tasvir edildiğini anlatmaktadır.

Keywords

Bilinçdışı Zihin, Freud, Memento, Buzdağı Antolojisi, Leonard Shelby

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın fikir oluşum aşamasına koymuş olduğu katkılardan dolayı Sn. Ahmet Murat KÖKBAŞ'a teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

PSYCHOANALYTICAL APPROACH TO COMPLEX NARRATIVE IN MOVING IMAGE: NOLAN’S MEMENTO

Abstract

This article explores Christopher Nolan’s Memento as an exemplar of complex narrative in moving images with a psychoanalytical approach. Psychoanalysis has provided a foundation for commentators, film critics and theorists to analyse cinema. By using Freud’s Iceberg Analogy of the unconscious mind, this article examines the parallelism between the emergence of unconscious complex mental states, how they are expressed through emotions and behaviour in moving images and how spectators reflect their unconscious emotions and mental states. The article focuses on Memento and analyses the movie's character and narrative structure. Memento was chosen as Christopher Nolan captured the scary extent of the human mind's complexity and its unconsciousness. Through complex narrative structures, he created associations between audiences’ unconsciousness and negative emotions of repression and stress associated with it, such as helplessness, fear of having no purpose, misjudgement or unfair treatment. This article examines the scene structures in relation to the complexity of narratives and narratives’ relation to Leonard Shelby’s unconscious mind, through the framework of psychoanalysis and interpretivist approaches by utilising psychoanalytic film theory and text analysis. It concludes that the protagonist, Leonard Shelby, has a detached preconscious and conscious and unconscious resulting from not his head injury but unconsciously using it as a psychological shield. The detachment between levels of consciousness is depicted as a moving image in black and white. This provides stability and consistency to Leonard’s version of narratives, which plays the reverse. The analysis of Memento with a psychoanalytical approach evidences the parallelism between Freud’s Iceberg Analogy of the unconscious mind and humans' complex unconscious mental states and how this is depicted in moving image.

Keywords

Unconscious Mind, Freud, Memento, Iceberg Analogy, Leonard Shelby

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