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RESİMLİ ÇOCUK KİTAPLARINDA SEMBOLİK TEMSİL VE KOLAJ

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1360 - 1375, 31.08.2021

Abstract

Çeşitli bağlamlardan malzemelerin kesilmesi ve birleştirilmesini içeren kolaj tekniği, modern sanatın bir parçası haline geldiği 20. yüzyılın başlarında Kübizm, Dadaizm ve Sürrealizm gibi akımlarda merkezi bir konuma sahip olmuştur. Kolaj; gazete ve dergi sayfaları, fotoğraf, etiket, kumaş, boya gibi çeşitli malzeme ve tekniklerin sanatsal bir kaygı ile tek bir kompozisyonda birleşimidir. Tekniğin kullanımı, günümüzün çağdaş sanat alanları ile sınırlı değildir. İllüstrasyonun temel bir unsur olarak öne çıktığı resimli çocuk kitapları da, kolaj tekniğinin görsel ve anlamsal olanaklarından yararlanılan bir alandır. Çocukların okuma isteği ve gelişimi açısından önem taşıyan resimli çocuk kitaplarında hikaye, illüstrasyon, doku, malzeme ve grafik tasarım bütünleşerek sözlü, görsel ve dokunsal anlatılara dönüşmektedir. Resimli çocuk kitaplarında kesilmiş kağıt kolajı, doku kolajı, fotomontaj, asemblaj gibi kolaj tekniğinin her türünün kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, kolaj tekniğinin kullanıldığı resimli çocuk kitaplarında illüstrasyonun anlam oluşumuna katkısını incelemek ve kolaj tekniğinin sağladığı olanaklar ile çocuklara zengin bir okuma deneyimi sunabilen yöntemleri belirlemektir. İncelenen örneklerde resimli çocuk kitaplarında kolaj türleri kullanımının okuma deneyimine temel olarak üç farklı şekilde katkı sağladığı görülmüştür. Bunlar; kitabın görsel dilini zenginleştirmesi, illüstrasyonu yapılan nesne ya da karakter ile ilgili görsel ya da dokunsal bilgi vermesi ve sembolik temsiller ile çocuklara soyut düşünme becerisi kazandırmaya yardımcı olması olarak sıralanmıştır.

References

  • Ash, G. E. (2012). Catching lightning in a jar: The craft of metaphor in children’s literature. Journal of Children's Literature, 38(1), 69-74.
  • Brommer, G. F. (1994). Collage techniques: A guide for artists and illustrators. Watson-Guptill Publications.
  • Campagnaro, M. (2019). Materiality in Bruno Munari’s Book Objects: The Case of Nella notte buia and I Prelibri. Libri ve Liberi: časopis za istraživanje dječje književnosti i kulture, 8(02), 359-379.
  • Creany, A. D. (1993). Representation of Culture in Children's Picture Books. Eric: Clarion PA
  • Çağlayan, E. (2018). Sanat Eğitiminde Kolaj Tekniği ve Öğrencilerin Kompozisyon Kurma Becerilerine Katkısı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(43), 1-13.
  • Druker, E. (2008). From Avant-garde to Digital Images: Collage in Nordic Picturebooks. Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature, 46(3), 45-51.
  • Ersan, M. (2014). Tablet ortamında resimli çocuk kitapları: etkileşimli bir resimli çocuk kitabı uygulaması tasarımı. Yayınlanmamaış sanatta yeterlik tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Huck, C. S., Hepler, S., Hickman, J., ve Kiefer, B. Z. (2001). Children’s literature in the elementary school. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Kang, D., Tian, F., ve Sahandi, R. (2017). Interactive illustration of collage for children with folktale e-book. Journal of Visualization, 20(3), 639-650.
  • Lamme, L. L., ve Kane, F. (1976). Children, books, and collage. Language Arts, 53(8), 902-905.
  • Lukens, Rebecca J. (1990). A critical handbook to children's literature (4th ed.). New York: Harper Collins. ED 427 317.
  • Marantz, K. (1977). The picture book as art object: A call for balanced reviewing. Wilson Library Bulletin, 148–151.
  • McWilliams, M. S., Vaughns, A. B., O'Hara, A., Novotny, L. S., ve Kyle, T. J. (2014). Art play: Stories of engaging families, inspiring learning, and exploring emotions. YC Young Children, 69(2), 32.
  • Mendoza, J., ve Reese, D. (2001). Examining multicultural picture books for the early childhood classroom: Possibilities and pitfalls. Early Childhood Research ve Practice, 3(2), n2.
  • Munari, Bruno. (1981). Da cosa nasce cosa. Bari: Laterza.
  • Nikolajeva, Maria, and Carole Scott. (2003). How Picturebooks Work. New York/London: Routledge.
  • Nodelman, P. (1988). Words about pictures: The narrative art of children's picture books. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
  • Norton, D.E. (1999). Through the Eyes of a Child: An Introduction to Children's Literature. Prentice Hall.
  • Prudhoe, C. M. (2003). Picture books and the art of collage. Childhood Education, 80(1), 6-11.
  • Materiality in Bruno Munari’s Book Objects: The Case of Nella notte buia and I Prelibri. Libri ve Liberi: časopis za istraživanje dječje književnosti i kulture, 8(02), 359-379.
  • Schnapp, Jeffrey. 2017. The Little Theatre of the Page. In Bruno Munari: The Lightness of Art, edited by Pierpaolo Antonello, Matilde Nardelli and Margherita Zanoletti, 115-131. Oxford: Peter Lang.
  • Schwarcz, J., ve Schwarcz, C. (1991). The picture book comes of age. Chicago, IL: American Library Association.
  • Shulevitz, U. (1997). Writing with Pictures: How to Write and Illustrate Children's Books. New York: Watson-Guptill.
  • Silberstein-Storfer, M., ve Jones, M. (1997). Doing Art Together: Discovering the Joys of Appreciating and Creating Art as Taught at The Metropolitan Museum of Art's Famous Parent-child Workshop. Harry N. Abrams.
  • Temple, C., Martinez M., Naylor A., Yokota, J. (1998). Children's books in children's hands: An introduction to their literature. Boston: Allyn ve Bacon.
  • Wells, G. (1985). Language Development in the Preschool Years. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge
  • Yu, X. (2009). Levels of meaning and children: An exploratory study of picture books' illustrations. Library ve information science research, 31(4), 240-246.

SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION AND COLLAGE IN CHILDREN'S PICTURE BOOKS

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1360 - 1375, 31.08.2021

Abstract

The collage technique, which involves cutting and combining materials from various contexts, had a central position in movements such as Cubism, Dadaism and Surrealism at the beginning of the 20th century, when it became a part of modern art. Collage is the combination of various techniques and materials such as newspaper and magazine pages, photographs, labels, fabrics and paints in a single composition with an artistic approach. The usage area of the technique is not limited to today's contemporary art fields. Children's picture books, in which illustration stands out as a fundamental element, are also an area where the visual and semantic possibilities of the collage technique are utilized. In illustrated children's books, which are important for children's reading desire and development; story, illustration, texture, material and graphic design are integrated and turn into verbal, visual and tactile narratives. It is seen that all kinds of collage techniques are used in children's picture books, such as cut paper collage, texture collage, photomontage and assemblage. The aim of this research is to examine the contribution of illustration to the formation of meaning in children's picture books in which the collage technique is used, and to determine the methods that can provide children with a rich reading experience with the possibilities provided by the technique. In the examples analysed, it was observed that the use of collage types in children's picture books contributed to the reading experience in three different ways. These can be listed as enriching the visual language of the book, providing visual or tactile information about the object or character illustrated, and helping children gain abstract thinking skills with symbolic representations.

References

  • Ash, G. E. (2012). Catching lightning in a jar: The craft of metaphor in children’s literature. Journal of Children's Literature, 38(1), 69-74.
  • Brommer, G. F. (1994). Collage techniques: A guide for artists and illustrators. Watson-Guptill Publications.
  • Campagnaro, M. (2019). Materiality in Bruno Munari’s Book Objects: The Case of Nella notte buia and I Prelibri. Libri ve Liberi: časopis za istraživanje dječje književnosti i kulture, 8(02), 359-379.
  • Creany, A. D. (1993). Representation of Culture in Children's Picture Books. Eric: Clarion PA
  • Çağlayan, E. (2018). Sanat Eğitiminde Kolaj Tekniği ve Öğrencilerin Kompozisyon Kurma Becerilerine Katkısı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(43), 1-13.
  • Druker, E. (2008). From Avant-garde to Digital Images: Collage in Nordic Picturebooks. Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature, 46(3), 45-51.
  • Ersan, M. (2014). Tablet ortamında resimli çocuk kitapları: etkileşimli bir resimli çocuk kitabı uygulaması tasarımı. Yayınlanmamaış sanatta yeterlik tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Huck, C. S., Hepler, S., Hickman, J., ve Kiefer, B. Z. (2001). Children’s literature in the elementary school. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Kang, D., Tian, F., ve Sahandi, R. (2017). Interactive illustration of collage for children with folktale e-book. Journal of Visualization, 20(3), 639-650.
  • Lamme, L. L., ve Kane, F. (1976). Children, books, and collage. Language Arts, 53(8), 902-905.
  • Lukens, Rebecca J. (1990). A critical handbook to children's literature (4th ed.). New York: Harper Collins. ED 427 317.
  • Marantz, K. (1977). The picture book as art object: A call for balanced reviewing. Wilson Library Bulletin, 148–151.
  • McWilliams, M. S., Vaughns, A. B., O'Hara, A., Novotny, L. S., ve Kyle, T. J. (2014). Art play: Stories of engaging families, inspiring learning, and exploring emotions. YC Young Children, 69(2), 32.
  • Mendoza, J., ve Reese, D. (2001). Examining multicultural picture books for the early childhood classroom: Possibilities and pitfalls. Early Childhood Research ve Practice, 3(2), n2.
  • Munari, Bruno. (1981). Da cosa nasce cosa. Bari: Laterza.
  • Nikolajeva, Maria, and Carole Scott. (2003). How Picturebooks Work. New York/London: Routledge.
  • Nodelman, P. (1988). Words about pictures: The narrative art of children's picture books. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
  • Norton, D.E. (1999). Through the Eyes of a Child: An Introduction to Children's Literature. Prentice Hall.
  • Prudhoe, C. M. (2003). Picture books and the art of collage. Childhood Education, 80(1), 6-11.
  • Materiality in Bruno Munari’s Book Objects: The Case of Nella notte buia and I Prelibri. Libri ve Liberi: časopis za istraživanje dječje književnosti i kulture, 8(02), 359-379.
  • Schnapp, Jeffrey. 2017. The Little Theatre of the Page. In Bruno Munari: The Lightness of Art, edited by Pierpaolo Antonello, Matilde Nardelli and Margherita Zanoletti, 115-131. Oxford: Peter Lang.
  • Schwarcz, J., ve Schwarcz, C. (1991). The picture book comes of age. Chicago, IL: American Library Association.
  • Shulevitz, U. (1997). Writing with Pictures: How to Write and Illustrate Children's Books. New York: Watson-Guptill.
  • Silberstein-Storfer, M., ve Jones, M. (1997). Doing Art Together: Discovering the Joys of Appreciating and Creating Art as Taught at The Metropolitan Museum of Art's Famous Parent-child Workshop. Harry N. Abrams.
  • Temple, C., Martinez M., Naylor A., Yokota, J. (1998). Children's books in children's hands: An introduction to their literature. Boston: Allyn ve Bacon.
  • Wells, G. (1985). Language Development in the Preschool Years. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge
  • Yu, X. (2009). Levels of meaning and children: An exploratory study of picture books' illustrations. Library ve information science research, 31(4), 240-246.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Merve Ersan 0000-0003-0587-7875

Cihan Bayraktar 0000-0003-0978-0050

Publication Date August 31, 2021
Submission Date July 1, 2021
Acceptance Date August 13, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ersan, M., & Bayraktar, C. (2021). RESİMLİ ÇOCUK KİTAPLARINDA SEMBOLİK TEMSİL VE KOLAJ. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 11(4), 1360-1375.


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