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TRACING EXISTENTIALIST THEMES IN THE FILM THE PIGEON

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 785 - 798, 01.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1509186

Abstract

Cinema, with its power to reflect and reproduce reality, is an art closely related to human experience. A vast spectrum of human emotions and ideas, from social issues to personal experiences, can be seen in films. In addition to its ability to reproduce and reflect reality, cinema has a close relationship with philosophy. By presenting philosophical concepts with the help of its unique apparatuses, cinema gives viewers the opportunity to experience and question abstract ideas. In this way, cinema encourages them to think, question and look at the world from a different perspective. Among these perspectives, existentialism, as a philosophical movement, paves the way to explore individual's freedom, responsibility and the necessity of creating one's own meaning. Cinema benefits largely from existentialism because it presents a suitable framework to depict individuals’ struggle to exist in this world. This study explores how cinema portrays existentialist themes, focusing on the film The Pigeon to examine the connection between individuals and the social world. A combination of descriptive and thematic analyses was performed to uncover existential themes in the film, such as "the absurd", "alienation", "unhomeliness", "anxiety", "forlornness" and "authenticity". The analysis concluded that these recurring themes are prevalent throughout the film. The film clearly shows that the protagonist is pressured by social norms to conform. However, he chooses to follow his own path and finds an authentic way to live his life.

References

  • Alhojailan, M. I. (2012). Thematic analysis: A critical review of its process and evaluation. West-East Journal of Sciences. 1 (1), 39-47.
  • Andersen, N. (2019). Film, Philosophy, and Reality: Ancient Greece to Godard. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Antonioni, M. (Director). (1960). The Adventure [Motion Picture].
  • Antonioni, M. (Director). (1960). The Eclipse [Motion Picture].
  • Antonioni, M. (Director). (1961). The Night [Motion Picture].
  • Antonioni, M. (Director). (1964). Red Desert [Motion Picture].
  • Audi, R. (1999). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (Vol. 2nd Edt.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılış Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Bergman, I. (Director). (1957). The Seventh Seal [Motion Picture].
  • Bergman, I. (Director). (1961). Through a Glass Darkly [Motion Picture].
  • Bergman, I. (Director). (1963). Winter Light [Motion Picture].
  • Blackburn, S. (1996). The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Boulé, J.-P., & McCaffrey, E. (2011). Introduction. In J.-P. Boulé, & E. McCaffrey, Existentialism and Contemporary Cinema (pp. 1-16). New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Camus, A. (1979). The Myth of Sisyphus. Hannondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • Cartwright, R. L. (1968). Some Remarks on Essentialism. The Journal of Philosophy, 65(20), 615-626.
  • Cooper, D. E. (2012). Existentialism as a Philosophical Movement. In S. Crowell, The Cambridge Companion to Existentialism (pp. 27-49). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Crowell, S. (2012). Sartre's Existentialism and the Nature of Consciousness. In S. Crowell, The Cambridge Companion to Existentialism (pp. 199-226). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Demirkubuz, Z. (Director). (2001). Fate [Motion Picture].
  • Demirkubuz, Z. (Director). (2001). The Confession [Motion Picture].
  • Demirkubuz, Z. (Director). (2003). The Waiting Room [Motion Picture].
  • Dreyfus, H. L. (2006). The Roots of Existentialism. In H. L. Dreyfus, & M. A. Wrathall, A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism (pp. 137-161). Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Dunn, R. G. (1998). Identity Crises: A Social Critique Of Postmodernity. Minneapolis: University Of Minnesota Press.
  • Falzon, C. (2011). Peter Weir's Truman SHow and Sartrean Freedom. In J.-P. Boulé, & E. McCaffrey, Existentialism and Contemporary Cinema: A Sartrean Perspective (pp. 17-32). New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Fincher, D. (Director). (1999). Fight Club [Motion Picture].
  • Flynn, T. (2006). Existentialism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Göl, B., & Ildır, A. (2021, 06 04). Banu Sıvacı ile Güvercin Üzerine Söyleşi: 'Kendi Sığınağında'. Retrieved 04 17, 2024, from Altyazı: https://altyazi.net/soylesiler/banu-sivaci-ile-guvercin-uzerine-soylesi/#:~:text=Yusuf%20kendini%20toplumdan%20uzak%20tutmaya,%C3%87%C3%BCnk%C3%BC%20sevgi%20dolu.
  • Günay, Ö., & Subölen, S. (2016). Zeki Demirkubuz Sineması’nda Varoluşçuluk İzleri: Karanlık Üzerine Öyküler Üçlemesi. SineFilozofi Dergisi, 1(2), 147-167.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
  • Golomb, J. (1995). In Search of Authenticity: From Kierkegaard to Camus. London: Routledge.
  • Gondry, M. (Director). (2004). Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind [Motion Picture].
  • Gordon, H. (1999). Dictionary of Existentialism. Westport: Greenwood Press.
  • Gray, P. S., Williamson, J. B., Karp, D. A., & Dalphin, J. R. (2007). The Research Imagination: An Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heidegger, M. (1996). Being and Time: A Translation of Sein und Zeit. (J. Stambaugh, Trans.) New York: SUNY Press.
  • Janicki, K. (2003). The Ever-Stifling Essentialism: Language and Conflict in Poland (1991-1993). In H. Cuyckens, T. Berg, R. Dirven, & K.-U. Panther, Motivation in Language - Studies in Honor of Günter Radden (pp. 273-296). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Judaken, J. (2012). Sisyphus’s Progeny: Existentialism in France. In J. Judaken , & R. Bernasconi, Situating Existentialism (pp. 89-122). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Kavur, Ö. (Director). (1975). Yatık Emine [Motion Picture].
  • Kavur, Ö. (Director). (1979). Yusuf ile Kenan [Motion Picture].
  • Kavur, Ö. (Director). (1981). Kırık Bir Aşk Hikâyesi [Motion Picture].
  • Kierkegaard, S. (1980). A Sickness Unto Death. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. (1992). Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Kracauer, S. (1960). Theory of Film: The Redemption of Physical Reality. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Lacey, A. R. (1996). A Dictionary of Philosophy (Vol. 3rd Edt.). London: Routledge.
  • Macann, C. (2014). Existentialism, Authenticity and the Self. In F. Joseph, J. Reynolds, & A. Woodward, The Bloomsbury Companion to Existentialism (pp. 198-214). London: Bloomsbury.
  • McCarthy, V. (2011). Martin Heidegger: Kierkegaard's Influence Hidden and in Full View. In J. Stewart, Kierkegaard and Existentialism (pp. 95-126). London: Routledge.
  • Nietzsche, F. (1974). The Gay Science. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Öztürk, S. (2017). Sinema Felsefesine Giriş: Film-Yapımı Felsefe. Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
  • Pamerleau, W. C. (2009). Existentialist Cinema. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Panza, C., & Gale, G. (2008). Existentialism for Dummies. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing.
  • Runes, D. D. (n.d.). The Dictionary of Philosophy. New York: Philosophical Library.
  • Sıvacı, B. (Director). (2018). The Pigeon [Motion Picture].
  • Sancar, M. K. (2023). Ömer Kavur’un Erken Dönem Filmleri: Varoluşçu Arayışların Sineması. SineFilozofi, 8(15), 197-214.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1978). Being and Nothingness: A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology. New York: Pocket Books.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1987). Existentialism and Human Emotions. New York: Citadel Press.
  • Shaw, D. (2017). Movies with Meaning: Existentialism through Film. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Solomon, R. C. (2005). Existentialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Stoehr, K. (2006). Nihilism in Film and Television: A Critical Overview from Citizen Kane to The Sopranos. Jefferson: McFarland.
  • Touraine, A. (2012). Modernliğin Eleştirisi. Yapı Kredi Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Weir, P. (Director). (1998). Truman Show [Motion Picture].

GÜVERCİN FİLMİNDE VAROLUŞÇU TEMALARIN İZİNİ SÜRMEK

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 785 - 798, 01.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1509186

Abstract

Sinema, gerçekliği yansıtma ve yeniden üretme gücüyle, insan deneyimiyle yakından ilişkili bir sanattır. Toplumsal meselelerden kişisel deneyimlere kadar geniş bir yelpazede insani duygu ve fikirler filmlerde görülebilir. Gerçekliği yeniden üretme ve yansıtma yeteneğinin yanı sıra felsefeyle de yakın bir ilişki kuran sinema, felsefi kavramları kendine özgü aygıtlar yardımıyla sunarak izleyicilere soyut fikirleri deneyimleme ve sorgulama fırsatı verir. Bu sayede sinema izleyiciyi düşünmeye, sorgulamaya ve dünyaya farklı bir perspektiften bakmaya teşvik eder. Bu perspektifler dâhilinde, felsefi bir akım olarak varoluşçuluk, bireyin özgürlüğünü, sorumluluğunu ve kendi anlamını yaratma gerekliliğini keşfetmenin yolunu açar. Sinema, varoluşçuluktan büyük ölçüde yararlanır çünkü bir felsefe akımı olarak varoluşçu düşünce, bireylerin bu dünyada var olma mücadelesini anlatmak için uygun bir çerçeve sunar. Bu çalışma, Güvercin filmi örneğinde sinemanın varoluşçu temaları nasıl işlediğini incelemeyi ve bireyler ile sosyal dünya arasındaki bağlantıyı araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Filmdeki “absürd (abes)”, “yabancılaşma”, “evsiz olma”, “kaygı”, “kimsesizlik” ve “otantik olma” gibi varoluşsal temaları ortaya çıkarmak için betimsel analiz ve tematik analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu değerlendirmede, varoluşsal felsefenin tarihi boyunca yinelenen temalarının film boyunca yaygın bir şekilde örneklendirildiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Filmin görsel ve işitsel öğeleri ile birlikte anlatısı, kahramanın sosyal normlara uyması için baskı altında olduğunu açıkça göstermektedir. Ancak bu karakter, yaşam serüveninde kendi rotasını izlemeyi seçmekte ve hayatını yaşamak için özgün bir yol arayışını ısrarla sürdürmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı, TOJDAC'ın tüm şartlarını ve koşullarını kabul ederek etik görev ve sorumluluklara riayet ettiğimi beyan ederim.

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

References

  • Alhojailan, M. I. (2012). Thematic analysis: A critical review of its process and evaluation. West-East Journal of Sciences. 1 (1), 39-47.
  • Andersen, N. (2019). Film, Philosophy, and Reality: Ancient Greece to Godard. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Antonioni, M. (Director). (1960). The Adventure [Motion Picture].
  • Antonioni, M. (Director). (1960). The Eclipse [Motion Picture].
  • Antonioni, M. (Director). (1961). The Night [Motion Picture].
  • Antonioni, M. (Director). (1964). Red Desert [Motion Picture].
  • Audi, R. (1999). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (Vol. 2nd Edt.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılış Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Bergman, I. (Director). (1957). The Seventh Seal [Motion Picture].
  • Bergman, I. (Director). (1961). Through a Glass Darkly [Motion Picture].
  • Bergman, I. (Director). (1963). Winter Light [Motion Picture].
  • Blackburn, S. (1996). The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Boulé, J.-P., & McCaffrey, E. (2011). Introduction. In J.-P. Boulé, & E. McCaffrey, Existentialism and Contemporary Cinema (pp. 1-16). New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Camus, A. (1979). The Myth of Sisyphus. Hannondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • Cartwright, R. L. (1968). Some Remarks on Essentialism. The Journal of Philosophy, 65(20), 615-626.
  • Cooper, D. E. (2012). Existentialism as a Philosophical Movement. In S. Crowell, The Cambridge Companion to Existentialism (pp. 27-49). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Crowell, S. (2012). Sartre's Existentialism and the Nature of Consciousness. In S. Crowell, The Cambridge Companion to Existentialism (pp. 199-226). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Demirkubuz, Z. (Director). (2001). Fate [Motion Picture].
  • Demirkubuz, Z. (Director). (2001). The Confession [Motion Picture].
  • Demirkubuz, Z. (Director). (2003). The Waiting Room [Motion Picture].
  • Dreyfus, H. L. (2006). The Roots of Existentialism. In H. L. Dreyfus, & M. A. Wrathall, A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism (pp. 137-161). Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Dunn, R. G. (1998). Identity Crises: A Social Critique Of Postmodernity. Minneapolis: University Of Minnesota Press.
  • Falzon, C. (2011). Peter Weir's Truman SHow and Sartrean Freedom. In J.-P. Boulé, & E. McCaffrey, Existentialism and Contemporary Cinema: A Sartrean Perspective (pp. 17-32). New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Fincher, D. (Director). (1999). Fight Club [Motion Picture].
  • Flynn, T. (2006). Existentialism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Göl, B., & Ildır, A. (2021, 06 04). Banu Sıvacı ile Güvercin Üzerine Söyleşi: 'Kendi Sığınağında'. Retrieved 04 17, 2024, from Altyazı: https://altyazi.net/soylesiler/banu-sivaci-ile-guvercin-uzerine-soylesi/#:~:text=Yusuf%20kendini%20toplumdan%20uzak%20tutmaya,%C3%87%C3%BCnk%C3%BC%20sevgi%20dolu.
  • Günay, Ö., & Subölen, S. (2016). Zeki Demirkubuz Sineması’nda Varoluşçuluk İzleri: Karanlık Üzerine Öyküler Üçlemesi. SineFilozofi Dergisi, 1(2), 147-167.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
  • Golomb, J. (1995). In Search of Authenticity: From Kierkegaard to Camus. London: Routledge.
  • Gondry, M. (Director). (2004). Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind [Motion Picture].
  • Gordon, H. (1999). Dictionary of Existentialism. Westport: Greenwood Press.
  • Gray, P. S., Williamson, J. B., Karp, D. A., & Dalphin, J. R. (2007). The Research Imagination: An Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heidegger, M. (1996). Being and Time: A Translation of Sein und Zeit. (J. Stambaugh, Trans.) New York: SUNY Press.
  • Janicki, K. (2003). The Ever-Stifling Essentialism: Language and Conflict in Poland (1991-1993). In H. Cuyckens, T. Berg, R. Dirven, & K.-U. Panther, Motivation in Language - Studies in Honor of Günter Radden (pp. 273-296). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Judaken, J. (2012). Sisyphus’s Progeny: Existentialism in France. In J. Judaken , & R. Bernasconi, Situating Existentialism (pp. 89-122). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Kavur, Ö. (Director). (1975). Yatık Emine [Motion Picture].
  • Kavur, Ö. (Director). (1979). Yusuf ile Kenan [Motion Picture].
  • Kavur, Ö. (Director). (1981). Kırık Bir Aşk Hikâyesi [Motion Picture].
  • Kierkegaard, S. (1980). A Sickness Unto Death. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. (1992). Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Kracauer, S. (1960). Theory of Film: The Redemption of Physical Reality. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Lacey, A. R. (1996). A Dictionary of Philosophy (Vol. 3rd Edt.). London: Routledge.
  • Macann, C. (2014). Existentialism, Authenticity and the Self. In F. Joseph, J. Reynolds, & A. Woodward, The Bloomsbury Companion to Existentialism (pp. 198-214). London: Bloomsbury.
  • McCarthy, V. (2011). Martin Heidegger: Kierkegaard's Influence Hidden and in Full View. In J. Stewart, Kierkegaard and Existentialism (pp. 95-126). London: Routledge.
  • Nietzsche, F. (1974). The Gay Science. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Öztürk, S. (2017). Sinema Felsefesine Giriş: Film-Yapımı Felsefe. Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
  • Pamerleau, W. C. (2009). Existentialist Cinema. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Panza, C., & Gale, G. (2008). Existentialism for Dummies. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing.
  • Runes, D. D. (n.d.). The Dictionary of Philosophy. New York: Philosophical Library.
  • Sıvacı, B. (Director). (2018). The Pigeon [Motion Picture].
  • Sancar, M. K. (2023). Ömer Kavur’un Erken Dönem Filmleri: Varoluşçu Arayışların Sineması. SineFilozofi, 8(15), 197-214.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1978). Being and Nothingness: A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology. New York: Pocket Books.
  • Sartre, J.-P. (1987). Existentialism and Human Emotions. New York: Citadel Press.
  • Shaw, D. (2017). Movies with Meaning: Existentialism through Film. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Solomon, R. C. (2005). Existentialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Stoehr, K. (2006). Nihilism in Film and Television: A Critical Overview from Citizen Kane to The Sopranos. Jefferson: McFarland.
  • Touraine, A. (2012). Modernliğin Eleştirisi. Yapı Kredi Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Weir, P. (Director). (1998). Truman Show [Motion Picture].
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Movie Review
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Erdinç Yılmaz 0000-0003-1693-3481

Early Pub Date September 21, 2024
Publication Date October 1, 2024
Submission Date July 2, 2024
Acceptance Date September 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yılmaz, E. (2024). TRACING EXISTENTIALIST THEMES IN THE FILM THE PIGEON. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 14(4), 785-798. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1509186


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