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THE TRANSITION FROM MODERN ART TO POSTMODERN ART IN TURKIYE

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 256 - 271
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1562118

Abstract

The transition from modern to postmodern art marks the beginning of a new transformation in the art world. This transformation, which emerged in the art world in the early 1950s, was reflected in Turkiye within a relatively short period, becoming evident during the 1960s and 1970s. This article aims to explore how art in Turkiye evolved from modernism to postmodernism and to identify the approaches that form the basis of contemporary art practices. Altan Gürman, Füsun Onur, and Şükrü Aysan are among the pioneering artists who initiated the shift from modernism to postmodernism during this artistic transformation and produced the first examples of postmodern art in Turkiye. The three artists examined in this article are pivotal figures who provide insight into how a period shaped by contemporary art discourse and distinguished by postmodern works of global recognition emerged in Turkiye. Furthermore, their work illustrates how Turkish art rapidly adapted to global shifts during the transition from modernism to postmodernism, ultimately fostering the development of its own contemporary art scene. Owing to the pioneering contributions of these artists, postmodern art production in Turkiye diversified rapidly, facilitating the emergence of a dynamic contemporary art scene.

References

  • Antmen, A. (2002). Yerleştirme: Heykelin Dönüşümü Mü?, Sanat Dünyamız, 82, Kış, 201-213.
  • Atakan, N. (1995). Türkiye’de Kavramsal Sanat, (PhD dissertation). Mimar Sinan University, Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul.
  • Atkinson T. (2003). 4 Art & Language (Terry Atkinson b. 1939) Editorial introduction to Art- Language. In Harrison, C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 873-879). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Aysan, Ş. (2001). Türkiye’de Çağdaş Sanata Katkı ve Tanıklık, https://www.sanattanimitoplulugu.org/Turkiye'de%20Cagdas%20Sanat.htm, (Accessed: 07.08.2018).
  • Brehm, M. (Ed.). (2001). Füsun Onur, Aus der Ferne So Nah, Exhibition Catalogue, Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, Germany.
  • Cheetam, M. (1997). Postmodernism and the Visual Arts. In Bertens, H. & Fokkema, D. (Eds.). International Postmodernism Theory and Literary Practice (pp. 167-176). Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Çakaloz, O. Z. (1980, 12 March). Onur’un Heykelleri Rador’un Yağlı boya yapıtları, Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, 7.
  • Desmond, K. K. (2011). Ideas About Art. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Erten, O. (2013, March). Türk Sanatının Bilinmeyen Yüzü, Milliyet Sanat, 648, 76-77.
  • Erzen, J. N. (1982). Füsun Onur’un Yeniliği ve Türk Heykel Sanatı İçinde Yeri, Yeni Boyut, 1/5, Eylül, 9-12.
  • Flynt, H. (1961). Concept Art. In La Monte Young (Ed.) (1963). An Anthology of Chance Operations Concept Art Anti-Art Indeterminacy Improvisation Meaningless Work Natural Disasters Plans of Action Stories Diagrams Music Poetry Essays Dance Constructions Mathematics Compositions (no page number), La Monte Young, Jackson Mac Low.
  • Fontana, L. (2003). Lucio Fontana (1899-1968) ‘The White Manifesto’, In C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 642-647). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Fried, M. (2003). Michael Fried (b. 1939) ‘Art and Objecthood’, In C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 822-834). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Füsun Onur. http://www.istanbulkadinmuzesi.org/fusun-onur, (Accessed: 01.05.2024).
  • Gezer, H. (1984). Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Heykeli, Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Göktürk, Y. Çapan, S. Eroğlu A. (2022). Komet’e Veda Bill Haley & The Gürkans, https://birartibir.org/bill-haley-the-gurkans/ (Accessed: 21.08.2023).
  • Greenberg, C. (1961). American-Type Painting. “‘American-Type’ Painting” (written in 1955, revised in 1958). In Art and Culture; Critical Essays. (pp. 208-229), Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Greenberg, C. (1993). Post Painterly Abstraction. In The Collected Essays and Criticism; Volume 4: Modernism with a Vengeance 1957-1969. (pp. 192-196), Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Greenberg, C. (2003 a). Clement Greenberg (b. 1909) ‘Avant-Garde and Kitsch’. In Harrison, C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 529-541). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Greenberg, C. (2003 b). Clement Greenberg (b. 1909) ‘Towards a Newer Laocoon’. In Harrison, C., Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 554-560). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Judd, D. (2003). Donald Judd (1928-1994) ‘Specific Objects’. In Harrison, C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 809-813). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Koçak, O. (2008). Modern ve Ötesi Elli Yılın Sanatına Kenar Notları, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayını. Koyunoğlu, Ö. E. Türkiye’de Heykel Sanatının Çağdaşlaşma Süreci 1950-1980 (PhD Dissertation), Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Art History, Western and Contemporary Art Program, İstanbul.
  • Krauss, R. (1979). Sculpture in the Expanded Field. October, vol. 8, nr. 30, 30-44.
  • Morris, R. (2003), Robert Morris (b. 1931) ‘Notes on Sculpture 1-3’. In Harrison, C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 815-816). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Rosenberg, H. (1952) The American Action Painters. Art News 51/8, 22-23, 48-50.
  • Salt Online (2013). 1930-1950 ve 1950-1970’lerde Türkiye’nin Modernleşmesi: Semra Germaner https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q335Xd9HcVU&feature=youtu.be (Accessed: 22.08.2023).
  • Sanat Tanımı Topluluğu. (no date given). Sanat Tanımı Topluluğu’nun Tarihi, http://www.sanattanimitoplulugu.org/STT%27nin%20Tarihi.htm, (Accessed: 08.08.2018).
  • Türenç, T. (1974, 22 March). Güzel İstanbul Heykelinin Kaldırılması Sanatçılar Arasında Tepki Yarattı, Milliyet Sanat, 72, 16-17.
  • Varlık, U. (2016, 8 November). Niyazi, http://utkuvarlik.blogspot.com/2016/11/niyazi.html, (Accessed: 08.08.2018).
  • Yılmaz, A. N. (2015). Türk Heykelinde Bir Öncü Sanatçı: Füsun Onur. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 1 (2), 203-221.

TÜRKİYE’DE MODERN SANATTAN POSTMODERN SANATA GEÇİŞ SÜRECİ

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 256 - 271
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1562118

Abstract

Modern sanattan postmodern sanata geçiş süreci, sanatta yeni bir kırılmanın başlangıcını işaret eder. 1950’li yılların başlarında sanat dünyasında ortaya çıkan bu dönüşüm, Türkiye’ye nispeten kısa bir süre içinde, 1960’lar ve 1970’lerle birlikte yansımıştır. Bu makale, Türkiye’de sanatın modernizmden postmodernizme doğru nasıl evrildiğini ve çağdaş sanat pratiklerine temel oluşturan yaklaşımların neler olduğunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Sanatsal dönüşüm sürecinde, modernizmden postmodernizme geçişi başlatan ve Türkiye’de postmodern sanatın ilk örneklerini veren öncü sanatçılar arasında Altan Gürman, Füsun Onur ve Şükrü Aysan yer almaktadır. Makalede incelenen bu üç sanatçı, postmodern sanatın dünya çapında kabul gören ve evrensel değerlere ulaşan eserlerin üretildiği, çağdaş sanat tartışmalarıyla şekillenen bir dönemin Türkiye’de nasıl başladığını anlamamıza yardımcı olan başlıca isimlerdir. Ayrıca, Türk sanatının modernizmden postmodernizme geçişteki evrensel değişimlere nasıl hızla adapte olarak kendi çağdaş sanat ortamını oluşturduğunu kavramamıza da olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu sanatçıların öncü rolleri sayesinde, Türkiye’de postmodern sanat ekseninde üretim kısa sürede çeşitlenmiş ve çağdaş sanat ortamı gelişmeye başlamıştır.

References

  • Antmen, A. (2002). Yerleştirme: Heykelin Dönüşümü Mü?, Sanat Dünyamız, 82, Kış, 201-213.
  • Atakan, N. (1995). Türkiye’de Kavramsal Sanat, (PhD dissertation). Mimar Sinan University, Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul.
  • Atkinson T. (2003). 4 Art & Language (Terry Atkinson b. 1939) Editorial introduction to Art- Language. In Harrison, C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 873-879). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Aysan, Ş. (2001). Türkiye’de Çağdaş Sanata Katkı ve Tanıklık, https://www.sanattanimitoplulugu.org/Turkiye'de%20Cagdas%20Sanat.htm, (Accessed: 07.08.2018).
  • Brehm, M. (Ed.). (2001). Füsun Onur, Aus der Ferne So Nah, Exhibition Catalogue, Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, Germany.
  • Cheetam, M. (1997). Postmodernism and the Visual Arts. In Bertens, H. & Fokkema, D. (Eds.). International Postmodernism Theory and Literary Practice (pp. 167-176). Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Çakaloz, O. Z. (1980, 12 March). Onur’un Heykelleri Rador’un Yağlı boya yapıtları, Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, 7.
  • Desmond, K. K. (2011). Ideas About Art. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Erten, O. (2013, March). Türk Sanatının Bilinmeyen Yüzü, Milliyet Sanat, 648, 76-77.
  • Erzen, J. N. (1982). Füsun Onur’un Yeniliği ve Türk Heykel Sanatı İçinde Yeri, Yeni Boyut, 1/5, Eylül, 9-12.
  • Flynt, H. (1961). Concept Art. In La Monte Young (Ed.) (1963). An Anthology of Chance Operations Concept Art Anti-Art Indeterminacy Improvisation Meaningless Work Natural Disasters Plans of Action Stories Diagrams Music Poetry Essays Dance Constructions Mathematics Compositions (no page number), La Monte Young, Jackson Mac Low.
  • Fontana, L. (2003). Lucio Fontana (1899-1968) ‘The White Manifesto’, In C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 642-647). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Fried, M. (2003). Michael Fried (b. 1939) ‘Art and Objecthood’, In C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 822-834). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Füsun Onur. http://www.istanbulkadinmuzesi.org/fusun-onur, (Accessed: 01.05.2024).
  • Gezer, H. (1984). Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Heykeli, Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Göktürk, Y. Çapan, S. Eroğlu A. (2022). Komet’e Veda Bill Haley & The Gürkans, https://birartibir.org/bill-haley-the-gurkans/ (Accessed: 21.08.2023).
  • Greenberg, C. (1961). American-Type Painting. “‘American-Type’ Painting” (written in 1955, revised in 1958). In Art and Culture; Critical Essays. (pp. 208-229), Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Greenberg, C. (1993). Post Painterly Abstraction. In The Collected Essays and Criticism; Volume 4: Modernism with a Vengeance 1957-1969. (pp. 192-196), Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Greenberg, C. (2003 a). Clement Greenberg (b. 1909) ‘Avant-Garde and Kitsch’. In Harrison, C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 529-541). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Greenberg, C. (2003 b). Clement Greenberg (b. 1909) ‘Towards a Newer Laocoon’. In Harrison, C., Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 554-560). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Judd, D. (2003). Donald Judd (1928-1994) ‘Specific Objects’. In Harrison, C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 809-813). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Koçak, O. (2008). Modern ve Ötesi Elli Yılın Sanatına Kenar Notları, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayını. Koyunoğlu, Ö. E. Türkiye’de Heykel Sanatının Çağdaşlaşma Süreci 1950-1980 (PhD Dissertation), Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Art History, Western and Contemporary Art Program, İstanbul.
  • Krauss, R. (1979). Sculpture in the Expanded Field. October, vol. 8, nr. 30, 30-44.
  • Morris, R. (2003), Robert Morris (b. 1931) ‘Notes on Sculpture 1-3’. In Harrison, C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. (pp. 815-816). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Rosenberg, H. (1952) The American Action Painters. Art News 51/8, 22-23, 48-50.
  • Salt Online (2013). 1930-1950 ve 1950-1970’lerde Türkiye’nin Modernleşmesi: Semra Germaner https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q335Xd9HcVU&feature=youtu.be (Accessed: 22.08.2023).
  • Sanat Tanımı Topluluğu. (no date given). Sanat Tanımı Topluluğu’nun Tarihi, http://www.sanattanimitoplulugu.org/STT%27nin%20Tarihi.htm, (Accessed: 08.08.2018).
  • Türenç, T. (1974, 22 March). Güzel İstanbul Heykelinin Kaldırılması Sanatçılar Arasında Tepki Yarattı, Milliyet Sanat, 72, 16-17.
  • Varlık, U. (2016, 8 November). Niyazi, http://utkuvarlik.blogspot.com/2016/11/niyazi.html, (Accessed: 08.08.2018).
  • Yılmaz, A. N. (2015). Türk Heykelinde Bir Öncü Sanatçı: Füsun Onur. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 1 (2), 203-221.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sculpture, Painting History, Art History, Art Theory
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Ö. Eren Koyunoğlu 0000-0002-2639-4402

Early Pub Date December 23, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date October 6, 2024
Acceptance Date December 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koyunoğlu, Ö. E. (2024). THE TRANSITION FROM MODERN ART TO POSTMODERN ART IN TURKIYE. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 15(1), 256-271. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1562118


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