Research Article

The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids

Volume: 15 Number: 4 October 30, 2026
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The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of individuals who use steroids regarding changes in their physical and mental well-being and performance. Conducted using the phenomenological design—one of the qualitative research designs—the study involved semi-structured interviews with eight male athletes competing in wrestling and bodybuilding. The data obtained were analyzed using an inductive approach and grouped under three main themes: motivations for steroid use, perceptions of changes resulting from steroid use, and evaluations of steroid use and future orientations. According to the findings, participants turned to steroid use to achieve physical goals such as increasing muscle mass and achieving an aesthetic appearance. While participants reported perceiving improvements in their athletic performance, self-confidence, and motivation during steroid use, they also reported negative changes such as irritability and social isolation. Furthermore, it was determined that most participants did not wish to stop using steroids and even planned to continue. These findings not only demonstrate that steroid use is a multifaceted and risky process but also highlight the need for preventive strategies aimed at raising athletes’ awareness.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Physical Activity and Health

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 30, 2026

Submission Date

August 12, 2026

Acceptance Date

October 28, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 4

APA
Tansever Çelik, B., Kandaz Gelen, N., & Gelen, E. (2026). The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 15(4), 614-623. https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.2016392
AMA
1.Tansever Çelik B, Kandaz Gelen N, Gelen E. The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids. TOJRAS. 2026;15(4):614-623. doi:10.22282/tojras.2016392
Chicago
Tansever Çelik, Büşra, Nuran Kandaz Gelen, and Ertuğrul Gelen. 2026. “The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids”. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports 15 (4): 614-23. https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.2016392.
EndNote
Tansever Çelik B, Kandaz Gelen N, Gelen E (October 1, 2026) The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports 15 4 614–623.
IEEE
[1]B. Tansever Çelik, N. Kandaz Gelen, and E. Gelen, “The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids”, TOJRAS, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 614–623, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.22282/tojras.2016392.
ISNAD
Tansever Çelik, Büşra - Kandaz Gelen, Nuran - Gelen, Ertuğrul. “The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids”. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports 15/4 (October 1, 2026): 614-623. https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.2016392.
JAMA
1.Tansever Çelik B, Kandaz Gelen N, Gelen E. The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids. TOJRAS. 2026;15:614–623.
MLA
Tansever Çelik, Büşra, et al. “The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids”. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, vol. 15, no. 4, Oct. 2026, pp. 614-23, doi:10.22282/tojras.2016392.
Vancouver
1.Büşra Tansever Çelik, Nuran Kandaz Gelen, Ertuğrul Gelen. The Prohibited Path of Change: Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Performance-Related Changes Among Individuals Using Steroids. TOJRAS. 2026 Oct. 1;15(4):614-23. doi:10.22282/tojras.2016392