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Legal Rights and Contracts in Esports

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 92 - 98, 31.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.1458751

Abstract

Esports has become popular sports branch by the younger generation in recent years, which is played by playing computer games as a team or individually by bringing people from all over the world together via the internet. In this professional sports branch, contracts are made between teams and athletes to keep the promises made in a legal sense. As a result of this professionalism in esports, a branch of esports law has emerged within the scope of sports law to prevent the deprivation of rights in the contracts signed between athletes and teams. The main problem is that there is no special law or a well-established contract model in Turkey regarding the legal dimension of these contracts made between athletes and teams practicing the esports branch and the rights and obligations of athletes and teams. Examples are given from the elements of the contracts signed between the athletes and teams in the esports branch of India and the special provisions of France's contracts and legal provisions related to the esports branch. In this study, the definition of the esports branch, esports law, and the basic elements that should be in esports contracts are mentioned and important suggestions are made by mentioning the elements such as penal procedures, working hours, sponsorship situations, and termination procedures that should be included in the contracts to prevent the athletes from being victimized in the contracts they sign, and it is aimed to contribute to the esports law literature.

References

  • Argan, M., Suher, H. K., Özer, A., Akın, E., & Tokay, A. M. (2007). Oyun kalitesi: Türk oyun oyuncuları üzerine bir araştırma. In 2. Uluslararası Sporda Yeni Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina.
  • Asian Electronic Sports Federation. (2022). What is esports?. Retrieved November 30, 2023, from https://www.aesf.com/en/About-Us/What-Is-Esports.html
  • Bingjun, G., & Mingxue, L. (2007). Study on the development of e-sports and its athletes selecting. Jilin Sport Coll Journals, 23(1), 70-71.
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Çev.). Ankara: Siyasal Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Çiçek, Ş. (2022). Türkiye'de e-spor hukuku ve statüsü. Hukuk ve Bilişim Dergisi. Retrieved December 10, 2023, from https://www.hukukvebilisimdergisi.com/e-spor-hukuku-ve-e-sporun-turkiyedeki-durumu/
  • Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and issues. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Doğu, H. M. (2020). E-spor hukukunda e-spor ve sporcu sözleşmeleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 69(2), 443-453. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1473952
  • Ekiz, D. (2009). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Erdemli, A. (2007). Spor nedir?. In K. Erkiner & A. Soysüren (Eds.), Spor Hukuku Dersleri (pp. 11-20). Kadir Has Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Ergün, K. (2022). E-spor hukuku ve diğer hukuk dalları ile ilişkisi. Hukuk ve Bilişim Dergisi. Retrieved December 25, 2023, from https://www.hukukvebilisimdergisi.com/e-spor-hukuku-ve-diger-hukuk-dallari-iliskisi/
  • Fisher, B. (2018). E-sports players have less freedom of endorsement. Sports Business Journal. Retrieved December 17, 2023, from https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2018/05/28/InDepth/Endorsement.aspx
  • Grand National Assembly of Turkey Justice Commission. (2011). Press statements of the grand national assembly of Turkey. Retrieved November 28, 2023, from https://meclishaber.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/haber_portal.aciklama?p1=117847
  • Holden, J. T., Edelman, M., & Baker, T. A. III. (2020). A short treatise on esports and the law: How America regulates its next national pastime. University of Illinois Law Review, 2020(2), 511-521. Retrieved December 16, 2023, from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3441843
  • Ikigai Law. (2020). E-sports player contracts: Common clauses and potential legal issues in India. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://www.ikigailaw.com/e-sports-player-contracts-common-clauses-and-potential-legal-issues-in-india/#acceptLicense
  • İstikbal, E. M. (2020). Sporcu transfer sözleşmeleri. Özgunlaw. Retrieved December 13, 2023, from https://www.ozgunlaw.com/makaleler/sporcu-transfer-sozlesmeleri-409
  • Jonathan, L. I. (2020). TFue v. FaZe Clan: Three-ring trial circus to continue in 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2023, from https://www.foley.com/insights/publications/2020/01/tfue-v-faze-clan/
  • Magerko, B., Laird, J. E., Assanie, M., Kerfoot, A., & Stokes, D. (2004). AI characters and directors for interactive computer games. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference (pp. 877-883).
  • Newzoo. (2017). 2017 global games market report - trends, insights and projections toward 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2023, from https://resources.newzoo.com/hubfs/Reports/Newzoo_Global_Games_Market_Report_2017_Light.pdf?t=1517584881031
  • Seth, E. J., Manning, R. D., Keiper, M. C., & Olrich, T. W. (2007). Virtual(ly) athletes: Where esports fit within the definition of "sport". Quest, 69(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2016.11445177
  • Şahiner, D. D. (2023). Espor alanındaki sözleşmeler. Retrieved December 24, 2023, from https://kilinclaw.com.tr/espor-alaninda-sozlesmeler/21
  • Şeref, E., & Petek, H. (2011). Spor hukuku. Ankara: Yetkin Yayınevi.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2022). Türk Dil Kurumu. Retrieved November 23, 2023, from http://www.tdk.gov.tr
  • Wach, E., & Ward, R. (2013). Learning about qualitative document analysis. IDS Practice Paper in Brief, 13, 1-11.
  • Walther, B. K. (2003). Playing and gaming. Game Studies, 3(1), 1-20.
  • Zavian, E. M., & Schmitz, J. (2019). The making of an industry: The evolving workforce and e-sports regulations. Sports Litigation Alert. Retrieved December 19, 2023, from https://sportslitigationalert.com/genesis-of-an-industry-the-emerging-workforce-and-regulations-of-esports/

Esporda Yasal Haklar ve Sözleşmeler

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 92 - 98, 31.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.1458751

Abstract

E-spor internet aracılığı ile dünyanın her yerinden insanları bir araya getirerek bilgisayar oyunlarını takım veya bireysel olarak oynanması ile icra edilen son yıllarda oldukça genç nesil tarafından popüler bir spor branşı olmuştur. Profesyonel olarak yapılan bu spor dalında takımlar ve sporcular arasında hukuki anlamda verilen sözlerin tutulması adına sözleşmeler yapılmaktadır. E-spor dalındaki oluşan bu profesyonellik sonucunda sporcular ve takımlar arasındaki imzalanan sözleşmeler ve bu konuda hak mahrumiyeti yaşanmaması adına Spor hukuku kapsamında E-spor hukuku dalı ortaya çıkmıştır. E-spor branşını icra eden sporcular ile takımlar arasında yapılan bu sözleşmelerin hukuksal boyutu ve sporcuların ve takımların hak ve yükümlülükleri ile ilgili Türkiye’de herhangi bir özel kanun veya temeli oturtulmuş bir sözleşme modelinin olmaması temel problemdir. E-spor branşı ile ilgili Hindistan’ın e-spor dalındaki sporcular ile takımlar arasında imzalanan sözleşmelerin unsurlarından ve Fransa’nın E-spor branşı ile ilgili sözleşme ve hukuki anlamda verilen özel hükümlerinden örnekler verilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmada e-spor branşının, e-spor hukukunun tanımı ve e-spor sözleşmelerinde olması gereken temel unsurlarından bahsedilerek sporcuların imzaladıkları sözleşmelerde mağduriyet yaşamamaları adına sözleşmelerde bulunması gereken cezai işlemler, çalışma saatleri, sponsorluk durumları, fesih işlemleri gibi unsurlardan bahsedilerek önemli önerilerde bulunulmuş ve e-spor hukuku literatürüne katkılar sağlanmak amaçlanmıştır.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma I. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’nde özet bildiri olarak sunulmuştur (Haziran, 2022).

References

  • Argan, M., Suher, H. K., Özer, A., Akın, E., & Tokay, A. M. (2007). Oyun kalitesi: Türk oyun oyuncuları üzerine bir araştırma. In 2. Uluslararası Sporda Yeni Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina.
  • Asian Electronic Sports Federation. (2022). What is esports?. Retrieved November 30, 2023, from https://www.aesf.com/en/About-Us/What-Is-Esports.html
  • Bingjun, G., & Mingxue, L. (2007). Study on the development of e-sports and its athletes selecting. Jilin Sport Coll Journals, 23(1), 70-71.
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Çev.). Ankara: Siyasal Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Çiçek, Ş. (2022). Türkiye'de e-spor hukuku ve statüsü. Hukuk ve Bilişim Dergisi. Retrieved December 10, 2023, from https://www.hukukvebilisimdergisi.com/e-spor-hukuku-ve-e-sporun-turkiyedeki-durumu/
  • Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and issues. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Doğu, H. M. (2020). E-spor hukukunda e-spor ve sporcu sözleşmeleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 69(2), 443-453. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1473952
  • Ekiz, D. (2009). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Erdemli, A. (2007). Spor nedir?. In K. Erkiner & A. Soysüren (Eds.), Spor Hukuku Dersleri (pp. 11-20). Kadir Has Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Ergün, K. (2022). E-spor hukuku ve diğer hukuk dalları ile ilişkisi. Hukuk ve Bilişim Dergisi. Retrieved December 25, 2023, from https://www.hukukvebilisimdergisi.com/e-spor-hukuku-ve-diger-hukuk-dallari-iliskisi/
  • Fisher, B. (2018). E-sports players have less freedom of endorsement. Sports Business Journal. Retrieved December 17, 2023, from https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2018/05/28/InDepth/Endorsement.aspx
  • Grand National Assembly of Turkey Justice Commission. (2011). Press statements of the grand national assembly of Turkey. Retrieved November 28, 2023, from https://meclishaber.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/haber_portal.aciklama?p1=117847
  • Holden, J. T., Edelman, M., & Baker, T. A. III. (2020). A short treatise on esports and the law: How America regulates its next national pastime. University of Illinois Law Review, 2020(2), 511-521. Retrieved December 16, 2023, from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3441843
  • Ikigai Law. (2020). E-sports player contracts: Common clauses and potential legal issues in India. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://www.ikigailaw.com/e-sports-player-contracts-common-clauses-and-potential-legal-issues-in-india/#acceptLicense
  • İstikbal, E. M. (2020). Sporcu transfer sözleşmeleri. Özgunlaw. Retrieved December 13, 2023, from https://www.ozgunlaw.com/makaleler/sporcu-transfer-sozlesmeleri-409
  • Jonathan, L. I. (2020). TFue v. FaZe Clan: Three-ring trial circus to continue in 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2023, from https://www.foley.com/insights/publications/2020/01/tfue-v-faze-clan/
  • Magerko, B., Laird, J. E., Assanie, M., Kerfoot, A., & Stokes, D. (2004). AI characters and directors for interactive computer games. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference (pp. 877-883).
  • Newzoo. (2017). 2017 global games market report - trends, insights and projections toward 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2023, from https://resources.newzoo.com/hubfs/Reports/Newzoo_Global_Games_Market_Report_2017_Light.pdf?t=1517584881031
  • Seth, E. J., Manning, R. D., Keiper, M. C., & Olrich, T. W. (2007). Virtual(ly) athletes: Where esports fit within the definition of "sport". Quest, 69(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2016.11445177
  • Şahiner, D. D. (2023). Espor alanındaki sözleşmeler. Retrieved December 24, 2023, from https://kilinclaw.com.tr/espor-alaninda-sozlesmeler/21
  • Şeref, E., & Petek, H. (2011). Spor hukuku. Ankara: Yetkin Yayınevi.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2022). Türk Dil Kurumu. Retrieved November 23, 2023, from http://www.tdk.gov.tr
  • Wach, E., & Ward, R. (2013). Learning about qualitative document analysis. IDS Practice Paper in Brief, 13, 1-11.
  • Walther, B. K. (2003). Playing and gaming. Game Studies, 3(1), 1-20.
  • Zavian, E. M., & Schmitz, J. (2019). The making of an industry: The evolving workforce and e-sports regulations. Sports Litigation Alert. Retrieved December 19, 2023, from https://sportslitigationalert.com/genesis-of-an-industry-the-emerging-workforce-and-regulations-of-esports/
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Activity Management
Journal Section Review
Authors

Engin Vural 0000-0002-7717-4928

Tuba Fatma Karadağ 0000-0003-4720-2657

Publication Date January 31, 2025
Submission Date March 25, 2024
Acceptance Date November 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Vural E, Karadağ TF. Legal Rights and Contracts in Esports. TOJRAS. 2025;14(1):92-8.