Toxic heavy metal chromium remediation by processed low cost adsorbentGreen coconut shell

Abstract

In recent years industrialization, consequent urbanization and increasing population, has lead to pollution of basic amenities of life air, water and soil. The major pollutants from the industrial complexes are effluents with heavy metals. Chromium is a highly toxic element and major pollutant present in the environment. Chromium (III) and (VI) are mainly found in chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving. Chromium (VI) is mobile and easily soluble into cells of an organism. There are many methods like ion exchange, ultra filtration, reverse osmosis etc by which chromium (VI) can be removed but they are quiet expensive and have many other disadvantages. In our present study, natural products considered to be wastes were used as adsorbents because of its high availability and low-cost. Low cost adsorbent used was Green coconut shell in a processed form in order to compare the efficiency. This study, reports the efficiency of low cost biosorbents in remediation of chromium (VI). It is seen that the biosorbents, green coconut shell has showed high biosorption capacity as it reduced 50% of 100mg/L concentration of chromium in a span of 24 hrs. The obtained results showed that incubation time and size of adsorbent affected the uptake capacity of biosorbent. As the time increased the percentage of adsorption increased till 264 hours. Smaller the size more efficient is the adsorption capacity. Hence, low cost biosorbents can be potential agents of bioremediation of heavy metals which are toxic to all life forms especially to humans

Keywords

• Biomass, Waste, Biosorption, Effluent, Industrial, Heavy metals, Toxic

References

1. Ahalya N, T.V. Ramachandra, RD Kanamadi(2003). Biosorption of heavy metals: Review. Research journal of chemistry and environment, Vol 7(4): 71-79.
2. Ahmed Ahmed Gaballa, Ranya Amer, Hany Hussein, Hassan Moawad and Soraya Sabry(2003). Heavy metal resistant pattern in moderately halophilic bacteria. Arab Journal of biotech.Vol2:267-278
3. Aksu Z and Acikel U. (2000). Modelling of a single-staged bioseparation process for simultaneous removal of iron (III) and Chromium(VI) by using Chlorella vulgaris. Biochem Eng. J, 4:229-238.
4. Alice Wang and Kevin Lin(2001). Effects of N-Acetylglucosamine and alpha methylglucoside on bacteriophage T4adsorption of E.coli B23.Journal of Experimental Microbiology and Immunology (JEMI) .Vol. 1:54-63
5. Alok Prasad Das and Susmita Mishra(2010). Biodegradation of the metallic carcinogen hexavalent chromium (VI) by an indigenously isolated bacterial strain. Journal of carcinogenisis. Vol 9:1-7.
6. Ansari M I and Mallik A. (2007). Biosorption of nickel and cadmium by metal resistant bacterial isolates from agricultural soil irrigated with industrial wastewater. Bioresource Technol, 56(6):3149-3153.
7. APHA: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st Edn. Washington, D.C. (2005).
8. Asha Latha Singh(2007).Removal of Chromium from waste water with the help of microbes. e- journal of science and technology.21:361-370.

9. Bai, R. S., Abraham, T. E., (2001). Biosorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by Rhizopus nigrificans. Bioresources Technology., 79: 73-81.
10. Chimezie Anyakora, Kenneth Nwaeze, Olufunsho Awovedele, Chinwe Nwadike, Mohsen Arbabi and Herbert coker (2011). Concentrations of heavy metals in some pharmaceutical effluents in Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicity, Vol 3, No. 2: 25-31.
11. Deans J R and Dixon B G. (1998). Uptake of Pb2+and Cu2+ by novel biopolymers. Wat. Res,26:469-472.
12. Emine Malkov and Yasar Nuhoglu(2007). Potential of tea factory waste for chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solutions:thermodynamic and kinetic studies. Journal of separation and purification technology, Vol 54:291-298.
13. Francisco W.Sousa, Andre G.Oliveira, Jefferson P.Ribeiro, Morsyleide F.Rosa, Denis Keukeleire, Ronaldo F.Nascimento (2010). Green coconut shells applied as adsorbent for removal of toxic metal ions using fixed bed column technology. Journal of environmental management, Vol 91:1634-1640.
14. Gabriela Huama Pino, Luciana Maria Souza de Mesquita,Mauricio Leonardo Torem, Gustavo Adolfo Saavedra Pinto (2006). Biosortion of Cadmium by green cocnut shell powder. Journal of Mineral engineering, Vol 19:380-387.
15. Gadd G M. (1990). Heavy metal accumulation by bacteria and other microorganisms Experentia. Biochem Eng. J, 46:834-840.
16. Guixia Zhao, Xilin Wu, Xiaoli Tan and Xiangke Wang. (2011). Sorption of Heavy metal ions from Aqueous Solutions: A Review. The Open Colloid Science Journal, 4: 19-31
17. Hima Karnika Alluri, Srinivasa Reddy Ronda, Vijaya Saradhi Settalluri, JayakumarSingh(2007). Biosorption: an ecofriendly alternative for heavy metal removal. African jounal of biotechnology, Vol 6, No. 25:2924-2931.
18. Holmes A.L., Wise S S and Wise J P(2008). Carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium. Indian journal of medical research. Vol 128:353-378.
19. Jianlong Wang, Can Chen(2008).biosorbents for heavy metals removal and their future. Journal of biotechnology advances.Vol 22:196-222