Durability of treated silty soil using lime and cement in road construction – a comparative study

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 23 - 31, 23.07.2016

Hadj Bekki Zahia Djilaili Youcef Tlidji Tahar H. Daouadji

Abstract

The Treatment of soils using lime and cement is one of the appropriate techniques that provides solutions for poor geotechnical soils used in road construction, as subgrade layers. The present paper consists of a comparative study of bearing and sustainability of silty soils treated with lime and/or cement. The Tests carried out on samples of treated silty soil showed a great improvement in workability and bearing capacity compared to a natural one. It was also noticed that the soil that was treated with 5% of cement, and with 1% of lime and 4% of cement gives the highest values of CBR (Californian Bearing Ratio). However, the highest durability of the treated soil was obtained by mixed treatment (1% of lime and 4% of cement), which values the mixed treatment efficiency. It should also be noted that the proposed solution fits sustainable development well

Keywords

sustainability, silty soil, treatment, lime, cement, environment, road infrastructure

References

• AFNOR (1993), Détermination des limites d’Atterberg. Limite de liquidité à la coupelle– Limite de plasticité au rouleau, Norme NF P 94-051, France.
• AFNOR (1999), Essai Proctor normal – Essai Proctor modifié, Norme NF P 94- 093, France.
• AFNOR (1997), Indice CBR après immersion – Indice portant immédiat, Norme NF P94-07, France.
• Al-Kiki, I.M., Al-Atalla, M.A. and Al-Zubaydi, A.H. (2011), “Long Term Strength and Durability of Clayey Soil Stabilized With Lime“, Eng. & Tech. Journal, 29 (4), 725-735.
• Al-Rawas, A.A., Hugo, A.W. and Al-Sami, H. (2005), “Effect of lime, cement and artificial pozzolan on the swelling potential of an expansive soil from Oman”, Building & Environment, 40, Elsevier, 267-281.
• ASTM (1996), Standard test methods for wetting and drying compacted soil-cement mixtures, Norm ASTM D 559 – 96, USA.
• Bahar, R., Benazzouz, M. and Kenai, S. (2004). ”Performance of compacted cement stabilized soil”, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26, 811-820.
• Bell, F.G. (1993). “Engineering Treatment of Soils”, London: Chapman and Hall, UK.
• Bell, F.G. (1996), “Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils”, Eng. Geol., 42(4), 223-237.
• Boardman, D.I., Glendinning, S. and Rogers, C.D.F. (2001). “Development of stabilization and solidification in lime-clay mixes”, Geotechnique, 51(6), 533-543.
• CRR ‘Centre de recherches routières - Belgique’ (2004a), “Code de Bonne Pratique Pour le Traitement des Sols à la Chaux et/ou Ciment - Recommandations Pour le Recyclage des Terres”,
• CRR, Belgique. CRR ‘Centre de recherches routières- Belgique’ (2004b), “Amélioration des Sols Pour Terrassements et Fond de Coffre, Complément au Code de Bonne Pratique”, CRR, Belgique.
• Cuisinier, O., Auriol, J-C., Le Borgne, T. and Deneele, D. (2011), “Microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted lime-treated soil”, Eng. Geol., 123(3), 187-193.
• DAAF ‘Departments of the Army and Air Force’ (1994), “Technical manual”, 5-822-14, Washington, USA.
• Estabragh, A.R., Pereshkafti, M.R.S., Prasaei, B. and Javadi, A.A. (2013). “Stabilized expansive soil behaviour during wetting and drying”. Intern. J. of Pavement Eng., 14(4), 418-427. Evangelos, I.S. (2006). “A solution to the problem of predicting the suitability of silty-clayely materials for cement-stabilization”, Geot. and Geol. Eng., 24, 379-398.
• Ghembaza, M.S., Dadouch M. and Bellia, Z. (2012), “Effet du ciment sur le comportement physico-chimique d’un matériau de la région de Sidi Bel Abbès“, Proceedings of 30th meeting of AUGC/IBPSA, Chambéry, France, 6-8 juin, 1, 1-10.
• Harichan K, Ghrici M, Khebizi W. and Missoum, H. (2011), “Effet de la combinaison de la chaux et de la pouzzolane naturelle sur la durabilité des sols argileux“, Proceedings of 29th meeting of AUGC-Tlemcen, Algeria, 29-31 mai, 2, 65-75.
• Kalkan, E. and Akbulut, S. (2004), “The positive effects of silica fume on the permeability, swelling pressure and compressive strength of natural clay liners”, Eng. Geol., 73(1-2), 145-156.
• Khemissa, M. & Mahamedi, A. (2014), “Cement and lime mixture stabilization of an expansive overconsolidated clay”, Applied Clay Science, 95, 104-110.
• LCPC ‘Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées-SETRA- France’ (1992), “Guide des Terrassements Routiers, réalisation des remblais et des couches de forme”, LCPC, France.
• LCPC ‘Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées-SETRA-France’ (2000), “Guide Technique”, LCPC, France.
• Lemaire, K., Deneele, D., Bonnet, S. and Legret, M. (2013), “Effects of lime and cement treatment on the physicochemical, microstructural and mechanical characteristics of a plastic silt”, Engineering Geology, 166, 255-261.
• Little, D.N., Males E.H., Prusinski, J.R. and Stewart, B. (2000), “Cementitious Stabilization”, Committee on Cementitious stabilization, TRB, National Research Council Washington, USA.
• Mahamedi, A. and Khemissa, M. (2013), “Cement stabilization of compacted expansive clay”, Online j. Sci. Technol., 3(1), 33-38.
• Muhunthan, B. & Sariosseiri, F. (2008), “Interpretation of Geotechnical Properties of Cement Treated Soils”, WSDOT Research Report”, WA-RD 715.1, Washington State Department of Transportation, USA.
• Muntohar, A.S. and Hantoro, G. (2000), “Influence of rice husk ash and lime on engineering properties of clayey
• Morel, G. (1984), “Étude en laboratoire du traitement à la chaux et au ciment des sols fins”, Bulletin de liaison du Labo P. et Ch., 133, 63-70.
• Nagaraj, H.B., Sravan, M.V., Arun, T.G. and Jagadish, K.S. (2014), “Role of lime with cement in long- term strength of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks”, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, Article in Press.
• Nilson, J.D. and Miller, R.D. (1992), “Expansive Soils: Problems and Practice in Foundation and Pavement Engineering”, New York: John Wiley and Sons, USA.
• Noor Megat J.M.L. (1994), “Durability and strength characteristics of cement stabilized modified Melaka series“, Journal of Islamic Academy of sciences, 7 (2), 137-141.
• Phanikumar, B.R., Sreedharan, R. and Aniruddh, C. (2014), “Swell-compressibility characteristics of limeblended and cement-blended expansive clays - A comparative study”, Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal, 1-10.
• Pratico, F.G. and Puppala, A.J. (2012), “Lime and cement treatments of subgrades in southern Italy: Facing interports Issues and challenges”, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, Italy, 53, 389-398.
• Stoltz, G., Cuisinier, O. and Masrouri, F. (2012), “Multi-scale analysis of the swelling and shrinkage of a limetreated expansive clayey soil”, Applied Clay Science, 61, 44-51.
• Voottipruex, P. and Jamsawang, P. (2014), "Characteristics of expansive soils improved with cement and fly ash in Northern Thailand", Geomechanics and Engineering An Int'l Journal, 6 (5), 437-453.