Research Article
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Seeking for utopia or utopian travel

Year 2022, , 5 - 5, 31.12.2022

Serhat Bingöl , Serhat Aydın

https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1089860
Cited By: 2

Abstract

We believe that travel, which is perhaps the most important element of tourism, should be questioned with the concept of utopia further. Associating the concept of utopia with travel will close a gap or lead to a new discussion. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between travel and utopia in this paper. Following the philosophical basis of the concept of utopia, we have determined its equivalent in tourism literature as the transformation of utopian thought into travel. In this context, we held discussions within the scope of travelers who prefer more independent and longer travel than tourists. We realized that the aims of travelers who set out to their own utopian spaces, transform being on the road rather than arriving a destination. Focusing on these utopian travels, we embrace the hermeneutic paradigm in the paper. Hence, we propose a model by examining travels with utopian ideas through sociological and psychological discussions. The prominent concepts in this model were the social life-utopia and the escape-approach. Eventually, we mentioned related discussions and gave suggestions for future studies.

Keywords

Utopia Traveler Utopian Travel Escape Betweenness Uncertainty

References

  • Adam, B. (2011). Wendell Bell and the sociology of the future: Challenges past, present and future. Futures, 43(6), 590-595.
  • Aebli, A., Volgger, M. & Taplin, R. (2022). A two-dimensional approach to travel motivation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(1), 60-75.
  • Aktaş Polat, S. (2016). Turizm ve turist psikolojisi. Gazi Kitap Evi.
  • Bakar, N. A. & Rosbi, S. (2020). Effect of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to tourism industry. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 7(4), 189-193
  • Baloglu, S. & Uysal, M. (1996). Market segments of push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8(3), 32-38.
  • Bell, W. (1996). An overview of futures studies. In R. A. Slaughter (Ed.), The knowledge base of futures studies: Foundations, (pp. 28–56). DDM Media Group.
  • Bingöl, S. (2021). Toplumsallığa ilişkin iki farklı görüş: Rousseau versus Rousseau. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 20(1), 193-211.
  • Brokensha, P. & Guldberg, H. H. (1992). Cultural tourism in Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service.
  • Burch Jr, W. R. (1969). The social circles of leisure: Competing explanations. Journal of Leisure Research, 1(2), 125-147.
  • Christou, P. A. & Farmaki, A. (2019). Utopia as a reinforcement of tourist experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 77, 144-147.
  • Collinson, E. & Baxter, I. (2022). Liminality and contemporary engagement: Knockando Wool Mill–a cultural heritage case study. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 17(1), 107-123.
  • Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408-424.
  • Currie, R. R. (1997). A pleasure-tourism behaviors framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 884-897.
  • Dann, G. M. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184-194.
  • Dann, G. M. (1981). Tourist motivation an appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research, 8(2), 187-219.
  • Farmaki, A., Khalilzadeh, J. & Altinay, L. (2019). Travel motivation and demotivation within politically unstable nations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 118-130.
  • Gottlieb, A. (1982). Americans’ vacations. Annals of tourism Research, 9, 165-187.
  • Gray, H. P. (1970). Wanderlust. Sunlust. An analysis of summer sun tourists outbound package holidays. International Travel: International Trade, Heath, Lexington.
  • Gürsoy, D., & Chi, C. G. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality industry: Review of the current situations and a research agenda. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(5), 527-529.
  • Harvey, D. (2020). The condition of postmodernity. In The New social theory reader (pp. 235-242). Routledge.
  • Honey, M. (1998). Ecotourism and sustainable development: Who owns paradise? Island Press.
  • Isaac, R. K. (2015). Every utopia turns into dystopia. Tourism Management, 51, 329-330.
  • Işık, C., Sirakaya-Turk, E., & Ongan, S. (2020). Testing the efficacy of the economic policy uncertainty index on tourism demand in USMCA: Theory and evidence. Tourism Economics, 26(8), 1344-1357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619888346
  • Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 256-262.
  • Kumar, K. (1987). Utopia and anti-utopia in modern times. Basil Blackwell.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2012). From the production of space. In Theatre and Performance Design (pp. 81-84). Routledge.
  • Lee, E. S. (1966). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), 47-57.
  • Macbeth, J. (2000). Utopian tourists - Cruising is not just about sailing. Current Issues in Tourism, 3(1), 20-34.
  • MacCannell, D. (1976). The Tourist: A new theory of the leisure class. Schocken Books.
  • Matiza, T. (2022). Post-COVID-19 crisis travel behaviour: Towards mitigating the effects of perceived risk. Journal of Tourism Futures, 8(1), 99-108.
  • Maltaş Erol, A. & Görmez, K. (2016). Ütopyalarda mekân tahayyülleri: Utopya’nın mekânı. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 18(30), 81-86.
  • Mayo, E. J. & Jarvis, L. P. (1981). The psychology of leisure travel. Effective marketing and selling of travel services. CBI Publishing Company.
  • Onfray, M. (2017). Yolculuğa övgü, coğrafyanın poetikası. (Çev. Murat Erşen). Redingot Kitap.
  • Pearce, P. L. & Caltabiano, M. L. (1983). Inferring travel motivation from travelers’ experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 22(2), 16-20.
  • Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 14(4), 55–58.
  • Qiu, R. T., Park, J., Li, S. & Song, H. (2020). Social costs of tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102994.
  • Rızaoğlu, B. (2012). Turizm Davranışı. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Rousseau, J. J. (1984). A discourse on inequality. Penguin.
  • Rozenburg, D. (1995). International tourism and utopia: the Balearic Islands. In Lanfant, Allcock & Bruner (Eds.) International tourism: identity and change. In International Tourism: Identity and Change (pp. 159-176). Sage Publications.
  • Santos, N. & Moreira, C. O. (2021). Uncertainty and expectations in Portugal’s tourism activities. Impacts of COVID-19. Research in Globalization, 3, 100071.
  • Sass, E. (2020). The impact of eastern Ukrainian armed conflict on tourism in Ukraine. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 30, 880-888.
  • Simpson, T. (2016). Tourist utopias: Biopolitics and the genealogy of the post-world tourist city. In Current Issues in Tourism (pp. 27-59). Routledge.
  • Spilanis, I. & Vayanni, H. (2004). Coastal mass tourism: Diversification and sustainable development in Southern Europe. In B. Bramwell (Ed.), Sustainable tourism: utopia or necessity? The role of new forms of tourism in the Aegean Islands. (pp. 269-291). Channel View Publications.
  • Sun, J. & Xie, Y. (2019). Contradictory utopia in the space production of cruise tourism experience: a qualitative analysis based on ground theory. Tourism Tribune, 34(11), 41-50.
  • Şahin, B., Sönmez, B., & Kahveci, H. (2014). Kişilerin uluslararası seyahat engellerini ölçmeye yönelik bir araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 109-126.
  • Taheri, B., Farrington, T., Gori, K., Hogg, G. & O’Gorman, K. D. (2017). Escape, entitlement, and experience: Liminoid motivators within commercial hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(4), 1148–1166.
  • Turner, V. (1969). Liminality and communitas. In The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure (pp. 94-113). Chicago: Aldine Publishing.
  • Urry, J. (2002). Consuming places. Routledge.
  • Uysal, M. & Jurowski, C. (1994). Testing the push and pull factors. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(4), 844-846.
  • van Gennep, A. (1908). The Rites of Passage. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Warburton, N. (2011). A little history of philosophy. Yale University Press.
  • Wilensky, H. L. (1960). Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 544.
  • Wood, K. & House, S. (1991). The Good Tourist. Mandarin.
  • Zurick, D. (1995). Errant Journeys. University of Texas Press.

Year 2022, , 5 - 5, 31.12.2022

Serhat Bingöl , Serhat Aydın

https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1089860
Cited By: 2

Abstract

References

  • Adam, B. (2011). Wendell Bell and the sociology of the future: Challenges past, present and future. Futures, 43(6), 590-595.
  • Aebli, A., Volgger, M. & Taplin, R. (2022). A two-dimensional approach to travel motivation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(1), 60-75.
  • Aktaş Polat, S. (2016). Turizm ve turist psikolojisi. Gazi Kitap Evi.
  • Bakar, N. A. & Rosbi, S. (2020). Effect of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to tourism industry. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 7(4), 189-193
  • Baloglu, S. & Uysal, M. (1996). Market segments of push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8(3), 32-38.
  • Bell, W. (1996). An overview of futures studies. In R. A. Slaughter (Ed.), The knowledge base of futures studies: Foundations, (pp. 28–56). DDM Media Group.
  • Bingöl, S. (2021). Toplumsallığa ilişkin iki farklı görüş: Rousseau versus Rousseau. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 20(1), 193-211.
  • Brokensha, P. & Guldberg, H. H. (1992). Cultural tourism in Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service.
  • Burch Jr, W. R. (1969). The social circles of leisure: Competing explanations. Journal of Leisure Research, 1(2), 125-147.
  • Christou, P. A. & Farmaki, A. (2019). Utopia as a reinforcement of tourist experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 77, 144-147.
  • Collinson, E. & Baxter, I. (2022). Liminality and contemporary engagement: Knockando Wool Mill–a cultural heritage case study. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 17(1), 107-123.
  • Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408-424.
  • Currie, R. R. (1997). A pleasure-tourism behaviors framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 884-897.
  • Dann, G. M. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184-194.
  • Dann, G. M. (1981). Tourist motivation an appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research, 8(2), 187-219.
  • Farmaki, A., Khalilzadeh, J. & Altinay, L. (2019). Travel motivation and demotivation within politically unstable nations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 118-130.
  • Gottlieb, A. (1982). Americans’ vacations. Annals of tourism Research, 9, 165-187.
  • Gray, H. P. (1970). Wanderlust. Sunlust. An analysis of summer sun tourists outbound package holidays. International Travel: International Trade, Heath, Lexington.
  • Gürsoy, D., & Chi, C. G. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality industry: Review of the current situations and a research agenda. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(5), 527-529.
  • Harvey, D. (2020). The condition of postmodernity. In The New social theory reader (pp. 235-242). Routledge.
  • Honey, M. (1998). Ecotourism and sustainable development: Who owns paradise? Island Press.
  • Isaac, R. K. (2015). Every utopia turns into dystopia. Tourism Management, 51, 329-330.
  • Işık, C., Sirakaya-Turk, E., & Ongan, S. (2020). Testing the efficacy of the economic policy uncertainty index on tourism demand in USMCA: Theory and evidence. Tourism Economics, 26(8), 1344-1357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619888346
  • Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 256-262.
  • Kumar, K. (1987). Utopia and anti-utopia in modern times. Basil Blackwell.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2012). From the production of space. In Theatre and Performance Design (pp. 81-84). Routledge.
  • Lee, E. S. (1966). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), 47-57.
  • Macbeth, J. (2000). Utopian tourists - Cruising is not just about sailing. Current Issues in Tourism, 3(1), 20-34.
  • MacCannell, D. (1976). The Tourist: A new theory of the leisure class. Schocken Books.
  • Matiza, T. (2022). Post-COVID-19 crisis travel behaviour: Towards mitigating the effects of perceived risk. Journal of Tourism Futures, 8(1), 99-108.
  • Maltaş Erol, A. & Görmez, K. (2016). Ütopyalarda mekân tahayyülleri: Utopya’nın mekânı. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 18(30), 81-86.
  • Mayo, E. J. & Jarvis, L. P. (1981). The psychology of leisure travel. Effective marketing and selling of travel services. CBI Publishing Company.
  • Onfray, M. (2017). Yolculuğa övgü, coğrafyanın poetikası. (Çev. Murat Erşen). Redingot Kitap.
  • Pearce, P. L. & Caltabiano, M. L. (1983). Inferring travel motivation from travelers’ experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 22(2), 16-20.
  • Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 14(4), 55–58.
  • Qiu, R. T., Park, J., Li, S. & Song, H. (2020). Social costs of tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102994.
  • Rızaoğlu, B. (2012). Turizm Davranışı. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Rousseau, J. J. (1984). A discourse on inequality. Penguin.
  • Rozenburg, D. (1995). International tourism and utopia: the Balearic Islands. In Lanfant, Allcock & Bruner (Eds.) International tourism: identity and change. In International Tourism: Identity and Change (pp. 159-176). Sage Publications.
  • Santos, N. & Moreira, C. O. (2021). Uncertainty and expectations in Portugal’s tourism activities. Impacts of COVID-19. Research in Globalization, 3, 100071.
  • Sass, E. (2020). The impact of eastern Ukrainian armed conflict on tourism in Ukraine. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 30, 880-888.
  • Simpson, T. (2016). Tourist utopias: Biopolitics and the genealogy of the post-world tourist city. In Current Issues in Tourism (pp. 27-59). Routledge.
  • Spilanis, I. & Vayanni, H. (2004). Coastal mass tourism: Diversification and sustainable development in Southern Europe. In B. Bramwell (Ed.), Sustainable tourism: utopia or necessity? The role of new forms of tourism in the Aegean Islands. (pp. 269-291). Channel View Publications.
  • Sun, J. & Xie, Y. (2019). Contradictory utopia in the space production of cruise tourism experience: a qualitative analysis based on ground theory. Tourism Tribune, 34(11), 41-50.
  • Şahin, B., Sönmez, B., & Kahveci, H. (2014). Kişilerin uluslararası seyahat engellerini ölçmeye yönelik bir araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 109-126.
  • Taheri, B., Farrington, T., Gori, K., Hogg, G. & O’Gorman, K. D. (2017). Escape, entitlement, and experience: Liminoid motivators within commercial hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(4), 1148–1166.
  • Turner, V. (1969). Liminality and communitas. In The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure (pp. 94-113). Chicago: Aldine Publishing.
  • Urry, J. (2002). Consuming places. Routledge.
  • Uysal, M. & Jurowski, C. (1994). Testing the push and pull factors. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(4), 844-846.
  • van Gennep, A. (1908). The Rites of Passage. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Warburton, N. (2011). A little history of philosophy. Yale University Press.
  • Wilensky, H. L. (1960). Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 544.
  • Wood, K. & House, S. (1991). The Good Tourist. Mandarin.
  • Zurick, D. (1995). Errant Journeys. University of Texas Press.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Peer-reviewed Articles
Authors

Serhat Bingöl 0000-0001-9312-4552

Serhat Aydın 0000-0001-6646-7656

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date March 18, 2022
Acceptance Date October 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Bingöl, S., & Aydın, S. (2022). Seeking for utopia or utopian travel. Journal of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality, 4(2), 5-5. https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1089860

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