A Study on Exploring the Tourism Potential of Altınköy As A Rural Tourism and Recreational Activity Area

Year 2022, , 46 - 57, 30.06.2022

Ayşe Atar , Seda Ozdemir Akgül Muharrem Tuna

https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.980360

Abstract

This study aims to explore the tourism potential of Altındağ in the light of the tourism values embraced by Altınköy which is one of both rural and recreational tourism areas, and to reveal the perspectives of local community and visitors on the rural tourism area in the region. In addition, to reveal in which leisure timeframe the visitors and staff in Altınköy are involved within the framework of the Theory of Leisure time by Dumazedier, who is one of the leisure-time theorists, is among the recreation-based purposes of the current study. The study was conducted in Altınköy located in Altındağ, Ankara, which is considered to be one of the potential rural tourism areas in Turkey, a qualitative interview technique, with 103 individuals in total. The findings obtained as a result of the analyses point to important results supported by the suggestions in the conclusion section on the contribution to the development of rural tourism in the region, the promotion and branding of the region. According to research results, the staff in Altınköy are “half-free time” users according to Dumazedier's leisure time theory. On the other hand, Altınköy visitors meet the four basic characteristics highlighted in Dumazedier’s leisure time theory and acts following the characteristics of “free time” user during recreational activities.

Keywords

Open-air Village Museum, Rural Tourism, Leisure time, Recreation, Altınköy

References

• Adeyinka-Ojo, S. (2018), A strategic framework for analysing employability skills deficits in rural hospitality and tourism destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 27, pp.47-54.
• Adeyinka-Ojo, S. F. and Khoo-Lattimore, C. (2013), Slow food events as a high yield strategy for rural tourism destinations. Worldwide Hospitality Tourism Themes, 5(4), pp.353-364.
• Adeyinka-Ojo, S. F., Khoo-Lattimore, C. and Nair, V. (2014), A framework for rural tourism destination management and marketing organisations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, pp.151-163.
• Ahipasaoglu, S. and Çeltek, E. (2006), Sürdürülebilir Kırsal Turizm. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, pp.87.
• Amir, A. F., Ghapar, A. A., Jamal, S. A. and Ahmad, K. N. (2015), Sustainable tourism development: A study on community resilience for rural tourism in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 168, pp.116-122.
• Ashley, C. (2000). The Impacts of Tourism On Rural Livelihoods: Namibia’s Experience, Overseas Development Institue (ODI), Working Paper, No. 128. London, pp. 1-31.
• Ashworth, G. and Page, S. J. (2011), Urban tourism research: Recent progress and current paradoxes. Tourism Management, 32(1), pp.1-15.
• Aytuğ, H. K., & Mikaeili, M. (2017), Evaluation of Hopa's Rural Tourism Potential in the Context of European Union Tourism Policy. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 37, pp.234-245.
• Bălan, M. and Burghelea, C. (2015), Rural tourism and its implication in the development of the Fundata Village. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 188, pp.276-281.
• Barkauskas, V., Barkauskienė, K. and Jasinskas, E. (2015), Analysis of macro environmental factors influencing the development of rural tourism: Lithuanian case. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, pp.167-172.
• Bravi, M. and Gasca, E. (2014), Preferences evaluation with a choice experiment on cultural heritage tourism. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 23(4), pp.406-423.
• Campón-Cerro, A. M., Hernández-Mogollón, J. M. and Alves, H. (2017), Sustainable improvement of competitiveness in rural tourism destinations: The quest for tourist loyalty in Spain. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(3), pp.252-266.
• Carr, N. (2017). Re-thinking the relation between leisure and freedom. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(2), 137-151.
• Cawley, M. and Gillmor, D. A. (2008), Integrated rural tourism: Concepts and Practice. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), pp.316-337.
• Christou, P. and Sharpley, R. (2019), Philoxenia offered to tourists? A rural tourism perspective. Tourism Management, 72, pp.39-51.
• Christou, P., Farmaki, A. and Evangelou, G. (2018), Nurturing nostalgia?: A response from rural tourism stakeholders. Tourism Management, 69, pp.42-51.
• Cosma, S., Paun, D., Bota, M. and Fleseriu, C. (2014), Innovation–a useful tool in the rural tourism in Romania. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, pp.507-515.
• Cucari, N., Wankowicz, E. and De Falco, S. E. (2019), Rural tourism and Albergo Diffuso: A case study for sustainable land-use planning. Land Use Policy, 82, pp.105-119.
• Daugstad, K. (2008), Negotiating landscape in rural tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 402-426.
• Démurger, S., Fournier, M. and Yang, W. (2010), Rural households’ decisions towards income diversification: Evidence from a township in northern China. China Economic Review, 21, pp.S32–S44.
• Dogru, T., et al., (2019). The balance of trade and exchange rates: Theory and contemporary evidence from tourism. Tourism Management, 74, 12-23.
• Dumazedier, J. (1960). Leisure Basic Concepts. Reston, VA.
• Dumazedier, J. (1967). Toward a society of leisure. Free Press.
• Dursun, C., Demirel M., Zengin, B. and Batman O. (2017), Considering Rural Tourism in the Context of 2023 Turkey Tourism Strategy. Uluslararası Kırsal Turizm ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 1(1), pp.8-12.
• Douglas, N., Douglas, N. and Derrett, R. (2001), Special Interest Tourism. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Australia.
• Edwards, D., Griffin, T. and Hayllar, B. (2008), Urban tourism research: developing an agenda. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(4), pp.1032-1052.
• European Commission (EC), (1999), “Towards Quality Rural Tourism: Integrated Quality Management (IQM) of Rural Tourist Destinations”, Enterprise Directorate General, Brussels: Tourism Unit.
• Eusébio, C., Carneiro, M. J., Kastenholz, E., Figueiredo, E. and da Silva, D. S. (2017), Who is consuming the countryside? An activity-based segmentation analysis of the domestic rural tourism market in Portugal. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, pp.197-210.
• Falak, S., Chiun, L. M. and Wee, A. Y. (2014), A repositioning strategy for rural tourism in Malaysia-community's perspective. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, pp.412-415.
• Farmaki, A. (2013), Dark tourism revisited: A supply/demand conceptualisation. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), pp.281-292.
• Fons, M. V. S., Fierro, J. A. M. and Patiño, M. G. (2011), Rural tourism: A sustainable alternative. Applied Energy, 88(2), pp.551-557.
• Gao, J. and Wu, B. (2017), Revitalizing traditional villages through rural tourism: A case study of Yuanjia Village, Shaanxi Province, China. Tourism Management, 63, pp.223-233.
• George, E. W. (2010), Intangible cultural heritage, ownership, copyrights, and tourism. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(4), pp.376-388.
• Gilbert, D. and Hancock, C. (2006), New York city and the transatlantic imagination: French and English tourism and the spectacle of the modern metropolis, 1893– 1939. Journal of Urban History, 33, pp.77-107.
• Gotham, F. (2007), (Re) Branding the big easy: tourism rebuilding in post-Katrina New Orleans. Urban Affairs Review, 42(6), pp.823-850.
• Guzman-Parra, V. F., Quintana-García, C., Benavides-Velasco, C. A. and Vila-Oblitas, J. R. (2015), Trends and seasonal variation of tourist demand in Spain: The role of rural tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, Vol. 16, pp.123-128.
• Hacıoğlu, N. ve Avcıkurt, C. (2008), Turistik ürün çeşitlendirmesi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Hernández, J. M., Suárez-Vega, R. and Santana-Jiménez, Y. (2016), The inter-relationship between rural and mass tourism: The case of Catalonia, Spain. Tourism Management, 54, pp.43-57.
• Huberman, M. and Miles, M. B. (1994), The qualitative researcher's companion. Sage.
• Holland, J., Burian, M. and Dixey, L. (2003), Diversifying the Product and Expanding the Benefits in Rural Uganda and the Czech Republic. PPT Working Paper.
• Irvine, W. and Anderson, A. R. (2004), Small tourist firms in rural areas: Agility, vulnerability and survival in the face of crisis. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 10(4), pp.229–246.
• Işık, C., Sirakaya-Turk, E., & Ongan, S. (2020). Testing the efficacy of the economic policy uncertainty index on tourism demand in USMCA: Theory and evidence. Tourism Economics, 26(8), 1344-1357.
• Jesus, C. and Franco, M. (2016), Cooperation networks in tourism: A study of hotels and rural tourism establishments in an inland region of Portugal. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 29, pp.165-175.
• Karagöz, D., et al., (2021). Solo female travel risks, anxiety and travel intentions: Examining the moderating role of online psychological-social support. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(11), 1595-1612.
• Kelliher, F., Reinl, L., Johnson, T. G. and Joppe, M. (2018), The role of trust in building rural tourism micro firm network engagement: A multi-case study. Tourism Management, 68, pp.1-12.
• Kelly, J. R. (2019). Leisure identities and interactions. Routledge.
• Kiper, T. (2006), Safranbolu Yörükköyü Peyzaj Potansiyelinin Kırsal Turizm Açısından Degerlendirilmesi, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, pp.36.
• Komppula, R. (2014), The role of individual entrepreneurs in the development of competitiveness for a rural tourism destination–A case study. Tourism Management, 40, pp. 361-371.
• Koščak, M., Knežević, M., Binder, D., Pelaez-Verdet, A., et al., (2021). Exploring the neglected voices of children in sustainable tourism development: A comparative study in six European tourist destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-20.
• Leco, F., Pérez, A., Hernández, J. M. and Campón, A. M., (2013), Rural Tourists and Their Attitudes and Motivations Towards the Practice of Environmental Activities such as Agrotourism, Int. J. Environ. Res., 7(1), pp. 255-264.
• Li, P., Ryan, C. and Cave, J. (2016), Chinese rural tourism development: Transition in the case of Qiyunshan, Anhui.–2008–2015. Tourism Management, 55, 240-260.
• Lombard, M., Snyder‐Duch, J. and Bracken, C. C. (2002), Content analysis in mass communication: Assessment and reporting of intercoder reliability. Human Communication Research, 28(4), pp.587-604.
• Macdonald, R., and Jolliffe, L. (2003), “Cultural Rural Tourism: Evidence From Canada”. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(2), pp.307-322.
• Marshall, M. N. (1996), Sampling for qualitative research. Family Practice, 13(6), pp.522-526.
• Mitchell, C. J. and Shannon, M. (2018), Exploring cultural heritage tourism in rural Newfoundland through the lens of the evolutionary economic geographer. Journal of Rural Studies, 59, pp.21-34.
• Nastasi, B. (1998), Study notes: qualitative research: sampling & sample size considerations. Adapted from a presentation by Dr. Bonnie Nastasi, Director of School of Psychology Program.
• Neulinger, J. (1981). To leisure: An introduction. To leisure: an introduction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
• Northcote, J. and Macbeth, J. (2006), Conceptualising yield: Sustainable tourism management. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), pp.199-220.
• Paresishvili, O., Kvaratskhelia, L. and Mirzaeva, V. (2017), Rural tourism as a promising trend of small business in Georgia: Topicality, capabilities, peculiarities. Annals of Agrarian Science, 15(3), pp.344-348.
• Prabhakaran, S., Nair, V. and Ramachandran, S. (2014), Community participation in rural tourism: Towards a conceptual framework. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, pp.290-295.
• Randelli, F., Romei, P. and Tortora, M. (2014), An evolutionary approach to the study of rural tourism: The case of Tuscany. Land Use Policy, 38, pp.276-281.
• Reeder, R. J. and Brown D. M. (2005), Recreation, Tourism, and Rural Well-Being. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Report, 7.
• Rid, W., Ezeuduji, I. O. and Pröbstl-Haider, U. (2014), Segmentation by motivation for rural tourism activities in The Gambia. Tourism Management, 40, pp.102-116.
• Robinson, O. C. (2014), Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11(1), pp.25-41.
• Situmorang, R., Trilaksono, T. and Japutra, A. (2019), Friend or Foe? The complex relationship between indigenous people and policymakers regarding rural tourism in Indonesia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 39, pp.20-29.
• Snieška, V., Barkauskienė, K. and Barkauskas, V. (2014), The impact of economic factors on the development of rural tourism: Lithuanian case. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156, pp.280-285.
• Soykan, F. (2003), Kırsal turizm ve Türkiye turizmi için önemi. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 12(1), pp.1-11.
• Soykan, F. (2006), “Avrupa’da Kırsal Turizme Bakıs Açısı ve Kazanılan Deneyim” II. Balıkesir Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, (20-22 Nisan 2006) Bildiriler Kitabı, Balıkesir, pp.71-87.
• Su, M. M., Wall, G., Wang, Y. and Jin, M. (2019), Livelihood sustainability in a rural tourism destination-Hetu Town, Anhui Province, China. Tourism Management, 71, pp.272-281.
• Tang, Q., Bennett, S. J., Xu, Y. and Li, Y. (2013), Agricultural practices and sustainable livelihoods: Rural transformation within the Loess Plateau, China. Applied Geography, 41, pp.15–23.
• Tchetchik, A., Fleischer, A. and Finkelshtain, I. (2008), “Differentiation and Synergies in Rural Tourism: Estimation and Simulation of the Israeli Market”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 90(2), pp.553-570.
• Uçar, M., Çeken, H. ve Ökten, Ş. (2010), Kırsal turizm ve kırsal kalkınma: (Fethiye örneği). Ankara: Detay Yayınları, pp.4-9.
• Vaismoradi, M., Jones, J., Turunen, H. and Snelgrove, S. (2016), Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis.
• Wang, L. and Yotsumoto, Y. (2019), Conflict in tourism development in rural China. Tourism Management, 70, pp.188-200.
• Winters, P., Corral, L. and Mora, M. A. (2013), Assessing the Role of Tourism in Poverty Alleviation: A Research Agenda, Development Policy Review, 31(2), pp.179.
• Xue, L., Kerstetter, D. and Hunt, C. (2017), Tourism development and changing rural identity in China. Annals of Tourism Research, 66, pp.170-182.
• Yıldırım, A. and Şimşek, H. (2008), Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. (7. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, pp.113.
• Yıldırım, A. and Şimşek, H. (2013), Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin yayıncılık.
• Zhang, X., Yu, L., Wang, M. and Gao, W. (2018), FM-based: Algorithm research on rural tourism recommendation combining seasonal and distribution features. Pattern Recognition Letters.
• Zheng, D., Ritchie, B. W., Benckendorff, P. J. and Bao, J. (2019), Emotional responses toward Tourism Performing Arts Development: A comparison of urban and rural residents in China. Tourism Management, 70, pp.238-249.
• Zhou, L. (2014), Online rural destination images: Tourism and rurality. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3(4), pp.227-240.