Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 1 - 17, 07.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1377599

Abstract

References

  • Al-Suqri, M. N., & Al-Kharusi, R. M. (2015). Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action (TRA) (1980). In Information seeking behavior and technology adoption: Theories and Trends. (pp. 188-204), IGI Global.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly, pp. 421-458.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Berhanu, K., & Raj, S. (2020). The trustworthiness of travel and tourism information sources of social media: perspectives of international tourists visiting Ethiopia. Heliyon, 6(3).
  • Bhatt, T. K. (2024). Examine the mediating impact of sustainable leadership between board diversity and internal control: Evidence from Nepal. Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), pp. 1-25.
  • Bhatt, T. K., Ahmed, N., Iqbal, M. B., & Ullah, M. (2023). Examining the determinants of credit risk management and their relationship with the performance of commercial banks in Nepal. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(4), 235.
  • Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done? Qualitative Research, 6(1), pp. 97-113.
  • Chin, W. W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. In (pp. vii-xvi), JSTOR.
  • Coromina, L., & Camprubí, R. (2016). Analysis of tourism information sources using a Mokken Scale perspective. Tourism Management, 56, pp. 75-84.
  • De La Hoz-Correa, A., & Muñoz-Leiva, F. (2019). The role of information sources and image on the intention to visit a medical tourism destination: A cross-cultural analysis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(2), pp. 204-219.
  • F. Hair Jr, J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & G. Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), pp. 106-121.
  • Finstad, K. (2010). Response interpolation and scale sensitivity: Evidence against 5-point scales. Journal of Usability Studies, 5(3), pp. 104-110.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. In: Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
  • Ghandour, R., & Bakalova, R. (2014). Social media influence on the holiday decision making process in the UK (Generation Y). Journal of Organisational Studies and Innovation, 1(2), pp. 41-54.
  • Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. M. (2004). A beginner's guide to partial least squares analysis. Understanding Statistics, 3(4), pp. 283-297.
  • Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
  • Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), pp. 2-24.
  • Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, pp. 414-433.
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). A global p-erspect-ivie. Kennesaw: Kennesaw State University. doi:http://sutlib2.sut.ac.th/sut_contents/H139232.pdf
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., Ray, S., . . . Sarstedt, M. (2021). An introduction to structural equation modeling. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: a workbook, pp. 1-29.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (Vol. 20, pp. 277-319), Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Iqbal, M. B., Li, J., & Jan, S. Q. (2023). Impact of self-directed career attitude on OCB in SMEs: Mediating role of trust. International Journal of Management, Accounting & Economics, 10(9).
  • Iqbal, M. B., Li, J., Yang, S., & Sindhu, P. (2022). Value-driven career attitude and job performance: An intermediary role of organizational citizenship behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1038832.
  • Jan, S. Q., Junfeng, J., & Iqbal, M. B. (2023). Examining the factors linking the intention of female entrepreneurial mindset: A study in Pakistan's small and medium-sized enterprises. Heliyon, 9(11).
  • Jin, N., Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2015). The effect of experience quality on perceived value, satisfaction, image and behavioral intention of water park patrons: New versus repeat visitors. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1), pp. 82-95.
  • Kiatkawsin, K., & Han, H. (2017). Young travelers' intention to behave pro-environmentally: Merging the value-belief-norm theory and the expectancy theory. Tourism Management, 59, pp. 76-88.
  • Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.
  • Kozak, M. (2004). Destination benchmarking: Concepts, practices, and operations. CABI.
  • Lee, J.-S., Lee, C.-K., & Choi, Y. (2011). Examining the role of emotional and functional values in festival evaluation. Journal of Travel Research, 50(6), pp. 685-696.
  • Lin, C.-P., Chen, M.-H., Wang, J., & Tian, L. (2017). Corporate giving in Taiwan: Agency cost theory vs. value enhancement theory. Asia Pacific Business Review, 23(1), pp. 135-151.
  • Liu, J., Wang, C., Fang, S., & Zhang, T. (2019). Scale development for tourist trust toward a tourism destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, pp. 383-397.
  • Marinao, E., Chasco, C., & Torres, E. (2012). Trust in tourist destinations. The role of local inhabitants and institutions. Academia. Revista Latinoamericana de Administración (51), pp. 27-47.
  • McCool, S. F. (2009). Constructing partnerships for protected area tourism planning in an era of change and messiness. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(2), pp. 133-148.
  • Miller, D., Merrilees, B., & Coghlan, A. (2015). Sustainable urban tourism: Understanding and developing visitor pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), pp. 26-46.
  • Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014). Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media. Tourism Management, 43, pp. 46-54.
  • Nenty, H. J. (2009). Writing a quantitative research thesis. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 1(1), pp. 19-32.
  • Nitzl, C., Roldan, J. L., & Cepeda, G. (2016). Mediation analysis in partial least squares path modeling: Helping researchers discuss more sophisticated models. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(9), pp. 1849-1864.
  • Olken, F., & Rotem, D. (1995). Random sampling from databases: a survey. Statistics and Computing, 5, pp. 25-42.
  • Peng, J., Yang, X., Fu, S., & Huan, T.-C. T. (2023). Exploring the influence of tourists’ happiness on revisit intention in the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine cultural tourism. Tourism Management, 94, 104647.
  • Poon, W. C., & Koay, K. Y. (2021). Hong Kong protests and tourism: Modelling tourist trust on revisit intention. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 27(2), pp. 217-234.
  • Qiu, H. (2017). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict outbound tourists' civilization tourism behavioral intention. Tourism Tribune, 32(6), pp. 75-85. Qu, Z., Cao, X., Ge, H., & Liu, Y. (2021). How does national image affect tourists’ civilized tourism behavior? The mediating role of psychological ownership. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47, pp. 468-475.
  • Rahi, S. (2017). Research design and methods: A systematic review of research paradigms, sampling issues and instruments development. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 6(2), pp. 1-5.
  • Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Md Noor, S., Schuberth, F., & Jaafar, M. (2019). Investigating the effects of tourist engagement on satisfaction and loyalty. The Service Industries Journal, 39(7-8), pp. 559-574.
  • Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH. In: Boenningstedt.
  • Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Henseler, J., & Hair, J. F. (2014). On the emancipation of PLS-SEM: A commentary on Rigdon (2012). Long Range Planning, 47(3), pp. 154-160.
  • Su, L., Hsu, M. K., & Swanson, S. (2017). The effect of tourist relationship perception on destination loyalty at a world heritage site in China: The mediating role of overall destination satisfaction and trust. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(2), pp. 180-210.
  • Su, L., Yang, Q., Swanson, S. R., & Chen, N. C. (2022). The impact of online reviews on destination trust and travel intention: The moderating role of online review trustworthiness. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 28(4), pp. 406-423.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5): Pearson Boston. In: MA.
  • Wang, L., Fong, D., & Law, R. (2016). Travel behaviors of mainland Chinese visitors to Macao. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(6), pp. 854-866.
  • White, B., & Frederiksen, J. (2005). A theoretical framework and approach for fostering metacognitive development. Educational Psychologist, 40(4), pp. 211-223.
  • Xiang, Y., Deng, Q., Duan, H., & Guo, Y. (2017). Effects of biochar application on root traits: a meta‐analysis. GCB Bioenergy, 9(10), pp. 1563-1572.
  • Xu, D., Luo, J., Li, Y., & Li, T. (2023). Dynamics of wetland tourism in China: studying wetland tourism park service quality with post-trip tourist intention and tourism value co-creation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, pp. 1-15.
  • Yen, Y.-S. (2013). Exploring perceived value in social networking sites: The mediation of customer satisfaction. International Journal of Computer and Information Technology, 2(3), pp. 386-391.
  • Zhang, J., & Walsh, J. (2021). Tourist experience, tourist motivation and destination loyalty for historic and cultural tourists. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28(4), pp. 3277-3296.

Impact of trustworthiness on tourist satisfaction in Nepal: the mediating role of civilized tourism behavior intention

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 1 - 17, 07.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1377599

Abstract

Tourism spread across all over the globe because of easy global access. Along with it, tourism also expanding. Then, a tourism-based economy focuses on long-term and sustainable tourism growth. As trustworthiness evolved, it optimizes tourist satisfaction, which helps to increase tourist flow. CTBI also plays a vital role to improve tourist satisfaction and grow the economy. The CTBI structures connect tourism-related services to increase trustworthiness, which enhances revenue and stimulates economic growth. The current study CTBI applied as a mediator for effective trustworthiness on tourist satisfaction in Nepal. It also highlights how important credibility is for raising tourist satisfaction. The study selected 150 samples from the tourism sector to get information through the use of surveys, which were examined using PLS-SEM. The results point to a positive correlation between trustworthiness and tourist satisfaction. The results show that CTBI greatly affects tourist satisfaction. The results also suggest that CTBI mediates the relationship between trustworthiness and tourist satisfaction. To ensure that tourists would be satisfied to make CTBI a priority, the tourism industry and government policy-making agencies should collaborate.

Ethical Statement

This research has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Xian University of Technology.

Supporting Institution

Xi'an University of Technology

References

  • Al-Suqri, M. N., & Al-Kharusi, R. M. (2015). Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action (TRA) (1980). In Information seeking behavior and technology adoption: Theories and Trends. (pp. 188-204), IGI Global.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly, pp. 421-458.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Berhanu, K., & Raj, S. (2020). The trustworthiness of travel and tourism information sources of social media: perspectives of international tourists visiting Ethiopia. Heliyon, 6(3).
  • Bhatt, T. K. (2024). Examine the mediating impact of sustainable leadership between board diversity and internal control: Evidence from Nepal. Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), pp. 1-25.
  • Bhatt, T. K., Ahmed, N., Iqbal, M. B., & Ullah, M. (2023). Examining the determinants of credit risk management and their relationship with the performance of commercial banks in Nepal. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(4), 235.
  • Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done? Qualitative Research, 6(1), pp. 97-113.
  • Chin, W. W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. In (pp. vii-xvi), JSTOR.
  • Coromina, L., & Camprubí, R. (2016). Analysis of tourism information sources using a Mokken Scale perspective. Tourism Management, 56, pp. 75-84.
  • De La Hoz-Correa, A., & Muñoz-Leiva, F. (2019). The role of information sources and image on the intention to visit a medical tourism destination: A cross-cultural analysis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(2), pp. 204-219.
  • F. Hair Jr, J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & G. Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), pp. 106-121.
  • Finstad, K. (2010). Response interpolation and scale sensitivity: Evidence against 5-point scales. Journal of Usability Studies, 5(3), pp. 104-110.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. In: Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
  • Ghandour, R., & Bakalova, R. (2014). Social media influence on the holiday decision making process in the UK (Generation Y). Journal of Organisational Studies and Innovation, 1(2), pp. 41-54.
  • Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. M. (2004). A beginner's guide to partial least squares analysis. Understanding Statistics, 3(4), pp. 283-297.
  • Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
  • Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), pp. 2-24.
  • Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, pp. 414-433.
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). A global p-erspect-ivie. Kennesaw: Kennesaw State University. doi:http://sutlib2.sut.ac.th/sut_contents/H139232.pdf
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., Ray, S., . . . Sarstedt, M. (2021). An introduction to structural equation modeling. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: a workbook, pp. 1-29.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (Vol. 20, pp. 277-319), Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Iqbal, M. B., Li, J., & Jan, S. Q. (2023). Impact of self-directed career attitude on OCB in SMEs: Mediating role of trust. International Journal of Management, Accounting & Economics, 10(9).
  • Iqbal, M. B., Li, J., Yang, S., & Sindhu, P. (2022). Value-driven career attitude and job performance: An intermediary role of organizational citizenship behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1038832.
  • Jan, S. Q., Junfeng, J., & Iqbal, M. B. (2023). Examining the factors linking the intention of female entrepreneurial mindset: A study in Pakistan's small and medium-sized enterprises. Heliyon, 9(11).
  • Jin, N., Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2015). The effect of experience quality on perceived value, satisfaction, image and behavioral intention of water park patrons: New versus repeat visitors. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1), pp. 82-95.
  • Kiatkawsin, K., & Han, H. (2017). Young travelers' intention to behave pro-environmentally: Merging the value-belief-norm theory and the expectancy theory. Tourism Management, 59, pp. 76-88.
  • Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.
  • Kozak, M. (2004). Destination benchmarking: Concepts, practices, and operations. CABI.
  • Lee, J.-S., Lee, C.-K., & Choi, Y. (2011). Examining the role of emotional and functional values in festival evaluation. Journal of Travel Research, 50(6), pp. 685-696.
  • Lin, C.-P., Chen, M.-H., Wang, J., & Tian, L. (2017). Corporate giving in Taiwan: Agency cost theory vs. value enhancement theory. Asia Pacific Business Review, 23(1), pp. 135-151.
  • Liu, J., Wang, C., Fang, S., & Zhang, T. (2019). Scale development for tourist trust toward a tourism destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, pp. 383-397.
  • Marinao, E., Chasco, C., & Torres, E. (2012). Trust in tourist destinations. The role of local inhabitants and institutions. Academia. Revista Latinoamericana de Administración (51), pp. 27-47.
  • McCool, S. F. (2009). Constructing partnerships for protected area tourism planning in an era of change and messiness. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(2), pp. 133-148.
  • Miller, D., Merrilees, B., & Coghlan, A. (2015). Sustainable urban tourism: Understanding and developing visitor pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), pp. 26-46.
  • Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014). Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media. Tourism Management, 43, pp. 46-54.
  • Nenty, H. J. (2009). Writing a quantitative research thesis. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 1(1), pp. 19-32.
  • Nitzl, C., Roldan, J. L., & Cepeda, G. (2016). Mediation analysis in partial least squares path modeling: Helping researchers discuss more sophisticated models. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(9), pp. 1849-1864.
  • Olken, F., & Rotem, D. (1995). Random sampling from databases: a survey. Statistics and Computing, 5, pp. 25-42.
  • Peng, J., Yang, X., Fu, S., & Huan, T.-C. T. (2023). Exploring the influence of tourists’ happiness on revisit intention in the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine cultural tourism. Tourism Management, 94, 104647.
  • Poon, W. C., & Koay, K. Y. (2021). Hong Kong protests and tourism: Modelling tourist trust on revisit intention. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 27(2), pp. 217-234.
  • Qiu, H. (2017). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict outbound tourists' civilization tourism behavioral intention. Tourism Tribune, 32(6), pp. 75-85. Qu, Z., Cao, X., Ge, H., & Liu, Y. (2021). How does national image affect tourists’ civilized tourism behavior? The mediating role of psychological ownership. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47, pp. 468-475.
  • Rahi, S. (2017). Research design and methods: A systematic review of research paradigms, sampling issues and instruments development. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 6(2), pp. 1-5.
  • Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Md Noor, S., Schuberth, F., & Jaafar, M. (2019). Investigating the effects of tourist engagement on satisfaction and loyalty. The Service Industries Journal, 39(7-8), pp. 559-574.
  • Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH. In: Boenningstedt.
  • Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Henseler, J., & Hair, J. F. (2014). On the emancipation of PLS-SEM: A commentary on Rigdon (2012). Long Range Planning, 47(3), pp. 154-160.
  • Su, L., Hsu, M. K., & Swanson, S. (2017). The effect of tourist relationship perception on destination loyalty at a world heritage site in China: The mediating role of overall destination satisfaction and trust. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(2), pp. 180-210.
  • Su, L., Yang, Q., Swanson, S. R., & Chen, N. C. (2022). The impact of online reviews on destination trust and travel intention: The moderating role of online review trustworthiness. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 28(4), pp. 406-423.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5): Pearson Boston. In: MA.
  • Wang, L., Fong, D., & Law, R. (2016). Travel behaviors of mainland Chinese visitors to Macao. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(6), pp. 854-866.
  • White, B., & Frederiksen, J. (2005). A theoretical framework and approach for fostering metacognitive development. Educational Psychologist, 40(4), pp. 211-223.
  • Xiang, Y., Deng, Q., Duan, H., & Guo, Y. (2017). Effects of biochar application on root traits: a meta‐analysis. GCB Bioenergy, 9(10), pp. 1563-1572.
  • Xu, D., Luo, J., Li, Y., & Li, T. (2023). Dynamics of wetland tourism in China: studying wetland tourism park service quality with post-trip tourist intention and tourism value co-creation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, pp. 1-15.
  • Yen, Y.-S. (2013). Exploring perceived value in social networking sites: The mediation of customer satisfaction. International Journal of Computer and Information Technology, 2(3), pp. 386-391.
  • Zhang, J., & Walsh, J. (2021). Tourist experience, tourist motivation and destination loyalty for historic and cultural tourists. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28(4), pp. 3277-3296.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Peer-reviewed Articles
Authors

Tribhuwan Kumar Bhatt 0009-0000-3040-3642

Publication Date January 7, 2025
Submission Date October 17, 2023
Acceptance Date September 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bhatt, T. K. (2025). Impact of trustworthiness on tourist satisfaction in Nepal: the mediating role of civilized tourism behavior intention. Journal of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality, 6(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1377599

Abstracting & Indexing

TR_Dizin_logo_live-e1586763957746.png       |       5e5f5ea367664.png       |  pub-doaj-1140x400.jpg      | ici2.png |   uni_global_ulrichs_header.png   |   


Making Submissions via DergiPark

The article—prepared according to author guidelines (covering text, references, tables, and figures)—should be sent to Journal of TOLEHO via DergiPark.

Please, use the links below to access the visual descriptions of the submission steps;


Full Open Access Strategy

Journal of TOLEHO is fully sponsored by Anadolu University Faculty of Tourism. Therefore there aren't any article submission, processing or publication charges

There are also no charges for rejected articles, no proofreading charges, and no surcharges based on the length of an article, figures or supplementary data etc. All items (editorials, corrections, addendums, retractions, comments, etc.) are published free of charge.

Journal of TOLEHO is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the users or institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Therefore, all articles published will be immediately and permanently free to read and download. All items has their own unique URL and PDF file.

All items published by the Journal of Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License

The licence permits others to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article in any way, including for commercial purposes, so long as they credit the author for the original creation.

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exclusive right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.

However, Anadolu University Press can also demand to make an additional license agreement with the corresponding author of the study after first publication, in order to publish the manuscript in full text on various other platforms (web page, databases, indexes, promotion circles and etc.).