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Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar

Year 2008, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 15 - 34, 25.07.2016

Meryem Koray

Abstract

Sosyal demokrat düşünceyi, sosyalizm çıkışlı olsa da ‘kapitalizm ile demokrasi’ arasında uzlaşmayı sağlamaya yönelmiş, bu uzlaşmayı da ekonomik etkinlik ile sosyal eşitlik arasında bir dengelenme olarak tasarlamış bir yaklaşım olarak tanımlayan bu yazımızda sosyal demokrasinin bugün ortaya çıkan tıkanıklıklarına ve Avrupa’da sosyal demokrasi ile ilgili olarak devam eden tartışmalar ile farklı politika uygulamalarına değinilmekte, bu çerçevede, ‘Üçüncü Yol’ ideolojisi ve uygulamaları ile buna yönelik eleştirilere de yer verilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, gerek tartışmalar gerek farklı uygulamalar ‘Üçüncü Yol’un dışında da arayışların sürdüğünü gösterirken, bunca zengin tartışmaya karşın demokratik sol için sorunlar devam etmektedir. Yazıda bir yanda ekonominin küreselleşmesi ve değişen teknolojilere bağlı olarak istihdam yapısı ile işçi sınıfındaki değişim, diğer yanda bu değişen koşullara karşılık refah politikalarındaki daralmaya ilişkin farklı yorumlar ele alınarak birçok konuda epeyce görüş ayrılığının olduğunu ve ortaya atılan çok sayıda görüşe karşın sosyal demokrat politikaların ne küreselleşme karşısında ne de yapısal değişiklikler açısından konumunun henüz netlik kazanmadığı, bu nedenle de demokratik sol için değişen koşullarda ‘varlık’ sorununun devam ettiği sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Keywords

Sosyal demokrasi refah devleti üçüncü yol küreselleşme

References

  • Allan, J. P. & Scruggs, L., 2004, “Political Partisanship and Welfare State Reform in Advanced Industrial Societies”, American Journal of Political Science, 48 (3), s. 496–512.
  • Andersen, J., 2006, “The People’s Library andthe Electronic Workshop: Comparing Swedish and British Social Democracy”, Politics and Society, 34, s. 431–460.
  • Beck, U., 2000, What is Globalization?, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Bergen, S., 2002, “Democracy and Social Democracy”, European History Quarterly, 32 (1), s. 13–37.
  • Bradley, D., Huber, E., Moller, S., Nielsen, F. & Stephens, J. D., 2003, “Democracy, Income Distribution, Political Science, Welfare”, World Politics, Baltimore, 55 (2).
  • Callaghan, J. & Tunney, S., 2000, “Prospects for Social Democracy: A Critical Review of the Arguments and Evidence”, Contemporary Politics, 6 (1), s. 55-75.
  • Callaghan, J., 2002, “Social Democracy and Globalisation: The Limits of Social Democracy in Historical Perspective”, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 4 (3), s. 429–451.
  • Clark, T. Nichols & Lipset, S. M., (1996), “Are Social Classes Dying?”, International Sociology, 6 (4), s. 397–410.
  • Clasen, J., 2002, “Modern Social Democracy and European Welfare State”, Social Policy and Society, 1 (1), s. 67–76.
  • Clift, B., 2002, “Social Democracy and Globalisation: The Case of France and the UK”, Government and Oppositon, 7 (4), s. 466–500.
  • Coates, D., 2001, “Capitalist Models and Social Democracy: The Case of New Labour”, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 3 (3), s. 284–307.
  • Esping-Andersen, G., 1997, “Towards a Post-industrial Welfare State”, Politik und Gesellschaft- International Politics and Society, (3).
  • _____, 1990, The Three Worlds Of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton Uni. Press, New Jersey.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. & Kersbergen, K. van, 1992, “Contemporary Research on Social Democracy”, Review of Sociology, 18, s. 187–208.
  • Fitzpatrick, T., 2004, “A Post-Productivist Future for Social Democracy?”, Social Policy and Society, 3 (3), s. 213–222.
  • Fudge, S. & Willams, S., 2006, “Beyond Left and Right: Can The Third Way Deliver a Reinvigorated Social Democray?”, Critical Sociology, 32, s. 583–602.
  • Giddens, A., 2002, Sağ ve Solun Ötesinde, Metis yayınları, İstanbul.
  • _____, 2000, “Üçüncü Yol Politikaları”, içinde Üçüncü Yol Arayışları ve Türkiye, der. Yalçıntan, M., Büke Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Gutmann, A. & Thompson, D., 2002, The Journal of Political Philosophy, (2).
  • Habermas, J., 1984, “Siyasal Katılım Kendi Başına Bir Değer mi?”, Toplum ve Bilim, 27 Güz.
  • Hall, P. A. & Soskice, D., 2001, Varieties of Capitalism, Oxford University, Oxford.
  • Hirst, P., 1999, “Has Globalisation Killed Social Democracy?”, The Political Quarterly, s. 84–96.
  • Hirst, P. & Thompson, G., 1996, Globalization in Question, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Jansen, T., 1999, “European Identity and/or the Identity of the European Union”, Reflections on European Identity-European Commission Working Paper, der. Jansen, T., Brussels.
  • Jessop, B., 2003, The Future of the Capitalist State, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  • Koray, M., 2005, Avrupa Toplum Modeli, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Koray, M. & Çelik, A., 2007, Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de Sosyal Diyalog, Belediye-İş Yayını, Ankara.
  • Korpi, W. & Palme, J., 2003, “New Politics and Class Politics in the Context of Austerity and Globaliziton: Welfare State Regress in 18 Countries 1975–95”, American Political Science Review, 97 (3).
  • Liebfried, S. & Pierson, P., 1995, “Semisovereign Welfare States: Social Policy in a Multitiered Europe”, içinde European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration, Brookings Institute, Washington D.C.
  • Lindbom, A., 2001, “Dismantlingthe Social Democratic Welfare Model? Has theSwedish Welfare State Lost Its Defining Characteristics?”, Scandinavian Political Studies, 24 (3), s. 171–193.
  • Marshall, T. H., 1965, Class, Citizenship and Social Development, Anchor Books, New York.
  • Meyer, T., 1991, Demokratik Sosyalizm-Sosyal Demokrasi, Sosyal Demokrasi Yayınları.
  • Mishra, R., 1993, “Social Policy in Postmodern World”, içinde New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe, der. Jones, C., Routledge, Londra.
  • Offe, C., 2003, “European Mode of ‘Social’ Capitalism”, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 11 (4).
  • Palier, B. & Sykes, R., 2001, “Challenges and Change: Issues and Perspectives in the Analysis of Globalization and the European Welfare States”, içinde Globalization and Erupean Welfare States, der. Sykes, R., Palier, B. & Prior, P. M., Palgrave, Hampshire.
  • Pateman, C., 2004, “Democratizing Citizenship: Some Advantages of Basic Income”, Politics and Society, 32 (89).
  • Pennings, P., 1999, “European Social Democracy Between Planning and Market: A Comparative Exploration of Trends and Variations”, Journal of European Public Policy, 6 (5), s. 743–756.
  • Petras, J., 2003, Küreselleşme ve İmparatorluk, Cosmopolitik Kitaplığı, İstanbul.
  • Pierson, C., 2001, “Globalisation and the End of Social Democracy”, Australian Journal of Politics and History, 47 (4), s. 459–474
  • Pierson, P. & Liebfried, S., 1998, “Welfare State Limits to Globalization”, Politics and Society, 26 (4).
  • Przeworski, A., 1991, Capitalism and Social Democracy, Cambridge University Press.
  • Stevenson, T., 2002, “Globalization: Marketization and Power”, Scandanivian Political Studies, 25 (3).
  • Taylor-Gooby, P., 2000, “Blair’s Scars”, Critical Social Policy, 20 (3), s. 331–348.

Social Democracy in Europe and Contemporary Discussions

Year 2008, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 15 - 34, 25.07.2016

Meryem Koray

Abstract

In this article, social democracy is defined as an approach that takes its roots from socialism but that aims at enabling the consensus between capitalism and democracy by designing that consensus as a balance between economic activities and social equality. In the framework of this article, the bottlenecks of social democracy and the ongoing debates on this issue and various policies implemented in the European context will be tackled as well as the ideology and practices of the Third Way along with the critiques aimed to it. While discussions and different practices hint at the fact that the quest for alternatives to the Third Way is going on, despite such a fertile environment of debates, problems of democratic left persist. The paper deals on the one hand with the globalization of the economy as well as the changes in the employment structure and the working class due to technological changes, and on the other, with different comments on the Welfare State’s shrinking linked to these conditions. The paper then concludes that despite numerous and diverging views, social democratic policies have failed to acquire a clear position concerning neither the globalization nor the structural changes and that because of this failure, democratic left’s ‘existence’ problem endures.

Keywords

Social democracy welfare state third way globalization

References

  • Allan, J. P. & Scruggs, L., 2004, “Political Partisanship and Welfare State Reform in Advanced Industrial Societies”, American Journal of Political Science, 48 (3), s. 496–512.
  • Andersen, J., 2006, “The People’s Library andthe Electronic Workshop: Comparing Swedish and British Social Democracy”, Politics and Society, 34, s. 431–460.
  • Beck, U., 2000, What is Globalization?, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Bergen, S., 2002, “Democracy and Social Democracy”, European History Quarterly, 32 (1), s. 13–37.
  • Bradley, D., Huber, E., Moller, S., Nielsen, F. & Stephens, J. D., 2003, “Democracy, Income Distribution, Political Science, Welfare”, World Politics, Baltimore, 55 (2).
  • Callaghan, J. & Tunney, S., 2000, “Prospects for Social Democracy: A Critical Review of the Arguments and Evidence”, Contemporary Politics, 6 (1), s. 55-75.
  • Callaghan, J., 2002, “Social Democracy and Globalisation: The Limits of Social Democracy in Historical Perspective”, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 4 (3), s. 429–451.
  • Clark, T. Nichols & Lipset, S. M., (1996), “Are Social Classes Dying?”, International Sociology, 6 (4), s. 397–410.
  • Clasen, J., 2002, “Modern Social Democracy and European Welfare State”, Social Policy and Society, 1 (1), s. 67–76.
  • Clift, B., 2002, “Social Democracy and Globalisation: The Case of France and the UK”, Government and Oppositon, 7 (4), s. 466–500.
  • Coates, D., 2001, “Capitalist Models and Social Democracy: The Case of New Labour”, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 3 (3), s. 284–307.
  • Esping-Andersen, G., 1997, “Towards a Post-industrial Welfare State”, Politik und Gesellschaft- International Politics and Society, (3).
  • _____, 1990, The Three Worlds Of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton Uni. Press, New Jersey.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. & Kersbergen, K. van, 1992, “Contemporary Research on Social Democracy”, Review of Sociology, 18, s. 187–208.
  • Fitzpatrick, T., 2004, “A Post-Productivist Future for Social Democracy?”, Social Policy and Society, 3 (3), s. 213–222.
  • Fudge, S. & Willams, S., 2006, “Beyond Left and Right: Can The Third Way Deliver a Reinvigorated Social Democray?”, Critical Sociology, 32, s. 583–602.
  • Giddens, A., 2002, Sağ ve Solun Ötesinde, Metis yayınları, İstanbul.
  • _____, 2000, “Üçüncü Yol Politikaları”, içinde Üçüncü Yol Arayışları ve Türkiye, der. Yalçıntan, M., Büke Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Gutmann, A. & Thompson, D., 2002, The Journal of Political Philosophy, (2).
  • Habermas, J., 1984, “Siyasal Katılım Kendi Başına Bir Değer mi?”, Toplum ve Bilim, 27 Güz.
  • Hall, P. A. & Soskice, D., 2001, Varieties of Capitalism, Oxford University, Oxford.
  • Hirst, P., 1999, “Has Globalisation Killed Social Democracy?”, The Political Quarterly, s. 84–96.
  • Hirst, P. & Thompson, G., 1996, Globalization in Question, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Jansen, T., 1999, “European Identity and/or the Identity of the European Union”, Reflections on European Identity-European Commission Working Paper, der. Jansen, T., Brussels.
  • Jessop, B., 2003, The Future of the Capitalist State, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  • Koray, M., 2005, Avrupa Toplum Modeli, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Koray, M. & Çelik, A., 2007, Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de Sosyal Diyalog, Belediye-İş Yayını, Ankara.
  • Korpi, W. & Palme, J., 2003, “New Politics and Class Politics in the Context of Austerity and Globaliziton: Welfare State Regress in 18 Countries 1975–95”, American Political Science Review, 97 (3).
  • Liebfried, S. & Pierson, P., 1995, “Semisovereign Welfare States: Social Policy in a Multitiered Europe”, içinde European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration, Brookings Institute, Washington D.C.
  • Lindbom, A., 2001, “Dismantlingthe Social Democratic Welfare Model? Has theSwedish Welfare State Lost Its Defining Characteristics?”, Scandinavian Political Studies, 24 (3), s. 171–193.
  • Marshall, T. H., 1965, Class, Citizenship and Social Development, Anchor Books, New York.
  • Meyer, T., 1991, Demokratik Sosyalizm-Sosyal Demokrasi, Sosyal Demokrasi Yayınları.
  • Mishra, R., 1993, “Social Policy in Postmodern World”, içinde New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe, der. Jones, C., Routledge, Londra.
  • Offe, C., 2003, “European Mode of ‘Social’ Capitalism”, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 11 (4).
  • Palier, B. & Sykes, R., 2001, “Challenges and Change: Issues and Perspectives in the Analysis of Globalization and the European Welfare States”, içinde Globalization and Erupean Welfare States, der. Sykes, R., Palier, B. & Prior, P. M., Palgrave, Hampshire.
  • Pateman, C., 2004, “Democratizing Citizenship: Some Advantages of Basic Income”, Politics and Society, 32 (89).
  • Pennings, P., 1999, “European Social Democracy Between Planning and Market: A Comparative Exploration of Trends and Variations”, Journal of European Public Policy, 6 (5), s. 743–756.
  • Petras, J., 2003, Küreselleşme ve İmparatorluk, Cosmopolitik Kitaplığı, İstanbul.
  • Pierson, C., 2001, “Globalisation and the End of Social Democracy”, Australian Journal of Politics and History, 47 (4), s. 459–474
  • Pierson, P. & Liebfried, S., 1998, “Welfare State Limits to Globalization”, Politics and Society, 26 (4).
  • Przeworski, A., 1991, Capitalism and Social Democracy, Cambridge University Press.
  • Stevenson, T., 2002, “Globalization: Marketization and Power”, Scandanivian Political Studies, 25 (3).
  • Taylor-Gooby, P., 2000, “Blair’s Scars”, Critical Social Policy, 20 (3), s. 331–348.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA39MR68GS
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Meryem Koray This is me

Publication Date July 25, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Koray, M. (2016). Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar. Toplum Ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 2(2), 15-34.
AMA Koray M. Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi. July 2016;2(2):15-34.
Chicago Koray, Meryem. “Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi Ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar”. Toplum Ve Demokrasi Dergisi 2, no. 2 (July 2016): 15-34.
EndNote Koray M (July 1, 2016) Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi 2 2 15–34.
IEEE M. Koray, “Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar”, Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 15–34, 2016.
ISNAD Koray, Meryem. “Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi Ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar”. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi 2/2 (July 2016), 15-34.
JAMA Koray M. Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi. 2016;2:15–34.
MLA Koray, Meryem. “Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi Ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar”. Toplum Ve Demokrasi Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, 2016, pp. 15-34.
Vancouver Koray M. Avrupa’da Sosyal Demokrasi ve Günümüzdeki Tartışmalar. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi. 2016;2(2):15-34.