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OECD ÜLKELERİNDE AR-GE HARCAMALARININ YENİLİK ÖLÇÜMLERİNE VE İKTİSADİ BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİ

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 83 - 0, 31.12.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı 23 OECD ülkesinin, 2007-2016 yılları arasındaki Ar-Ge faaliyetleri ile inovasyon çıktıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak Ar-Ge harcamasının gayri safi yurt içi harcama içerisindeki payı Ar-Ge faaliyetlerinin başat ölçütü olarak kabul edilmiştir. İnovasyon çıktıları olarak ülkelerin bilim ve mühendislik alanında hakemli dergilerde yayımlanan makale sayısı, patent başvuru sayıları (yerleşikler), mobil uygulama ve yazılım alanında kurulan girişim şirketi sayısı ve yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı verileri alınmıştır. Spearman Sıralama Korelasyonu testi ile analiz edilerek amprik bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, seçilen OECD ülkelerinde Ar-Ge harcamalarının gayri safi yurt içi hasıladaki payı ile inovasyon çıktıları arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu gözlemledik. Ar-Ge harcamalarının gayri safi yurt içi hasıladaki payı görece daha yüksek olan OECD ülkelerinde hakemli dergilerde yayımlanan makale sayısı, patent başvuru sayıları, mobil uygulama ve yazılım alanında kurulan girişim şirketi sayısı ve yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı hacminin de yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Thanks

Asist. Prof. Dr. Osman GÜLSEVEN'e katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Aghion, P., & Howitt, P. (1996). Research and Development in the Growth Process. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(1), 49–73.
  • Akcomak, İ. S., & Kalayci, E. (2016). Ar-Ge ve Yeniligin Ölçümü ve Ar-Ge ve Yenilik Anketi Verilerinin Arastirmada Kullanilmasi (No. 1603). Retrieved from STPS - Science and Technology Policy Studies Center, Middle East Technical University website: https://ideas.repec.org/p/met/stpswp/1603.html
  • Bayarçelik, E. B., & Taşel, F. (2012). Research and Development: Source of Economic Growth. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 744–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1052
  • Beveren, I. V., & Vandenbussche, H. (2010). Product and process innovation and firms’ decision to export. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 13(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870903546267
  • Bilbao-Osorio, B., & Rodriguez-Pose, A. (2004). From R&D to Innovation and Economic Growth in the EU. Growth and Change, 35(4), 434–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2004.00256.x
  • Czarnitzki, D., & Hussinger, K. (2004). The Link between R&D Subsidies, R&D Spending and Technological Performance (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 575362). Retrieved from Social Science Research Network website: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=575362
  • Falk, M. (2007). R&D spending in the high-tech sector and economic growth. Research in Economics, 61(3), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2007.05.002
  • Göçer, İ. (2013). Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Yüksek Teknolojili Ürün İhracatı, Dış Ticaret Dengesi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri. 27.
  • Guloglu, B., & Tekin, R. B. (2012). A Panel Causality Analysis of the Relationship among Research and Development, Innovation, and Economic Growth in High-Income OECD Countries. Eurasian Economic Review, 2(1), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.14208/BF03353831
  • Horvath, R. (2011). Research & development and growth: A Bayesian model averaging analysis. Economic Modelling, 28(6), 2669–2673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.08.007
  • Huang, C., Zhang, M., Zhao, Y., & Varum, C. A. (2008). Determinants of exports in China: a microeconometric analysis. The European Journal of Development Research, 20(2), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578810802060793
  • Inekwe, J. N. (2015). The Contribution of R&D Expenditure to Economic Growth in Developing Economies. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 727–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0807-3
  • Jones, C. (1995). R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 103(4), 759–784.
  • Niranjala, S. a. U., & Jianguo, W. (2015). The Relationship between Innovations and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(22), 74-81–81.
  • OECD (Ed.). (2010). Measuring innovation: a new perspective. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD. (2015). Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264239012-en
  • Prodan, I. (2005). Influence of Research and Development Expenditures on Number of Patent Aplications: Selected Case Studies in OECD countries and Central Europe, 1981- 2001. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 5(4). Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eaa/aeinde/v5y2005i4_1.html
  • Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), S71-102.
  • Samimi, A. J., & Alerasoul, S. M. (2009). R&D and economic growth: New evidence from some developing countries. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, (3), 3464–3469.
  • Sandu, S., & Ciocanel, B. (2014). Impact of R&D and Innovation on High-tech Export. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212- 5671(14)00450-X
  • Schumpeter, J., A. (1934). Change and the Entrepreneur.
  • Sinha, D. (2008). PATENTS, INNOVATIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA. 8, 8.
  • Zachariadis, M. (2003). R&D, innovation, and technological progress: a test of the Schumpeterian framework without scale effects. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d’économique, 36(3), 566–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5982.t01-2-00003
  • Zar, J. H. (1972). Significance Testing of the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67(339), 578–580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2284441

The Impact of R&D on Innovation and Economic Growth in OECD Countries

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 83 - 0, 31.12.2020

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of research and development on innovation in 23
OECD countries by examining how innovation outputs vary among countries over the period
2007-2016. In order to examine the relation we use R&D expenditure as percentage of GDP
as the main measure for R&D in a country and apply Spearman Rank Correlation to see how
it is related to innovation outcomes such as number of articles published in science and
engineering, number of patent applications by residents, number of start-ups in mobile apps
and software, and high technology exports. We find that there exists a positive, statistically
significant relation between innovation variables and R&D expenditure (as % of GDP) in
selected countries. OECD countries that have higher R&D expenditure (as% of GDP) tend to
have higher number of scientific publications, higher number of patent applications, higher
number of start-ups in mobile technologies and higher volume of high technology exports.

References

  • Aghion, P., & Howitt, P. (1996). Research and Development in the Growth Process. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(1), 49–73.
  • Akcomak, İ. S., & Kalayci, E. (2016). Ar-Ge ve Yeniligin Ölçümü ve Ar-Ge ve Yenilik Anketi Verilerinin Arastirmada Kullanilmasi (No. 1603). Retrieved from STPS - Science and Technology Policy Studies Center, Middle East Technical University website: https://ideas.repec.org/p/met/stpswp/1603.html
  • Bayarçelik, E. B., & Taşel, F. (2012). Research and Development: Source of Economic Growth. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 744–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1052
  • Beveren, I. V., & Vandenbussche, H. (2010). Product and process innovation and firms’ decision to export. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 13(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870903546267
  • Bilbao-Osorio, B., & Rodriguez-Pose, A. (2004). From R&D to Innovation and Economic Growth in the EU. Growth and Change, 35(4), 434–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2004.00256.x
  • Czarnitzki, D., & Hussinger, K. (2004). The Link between R&D Subsidies, R&D Spending and Technological Performance (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 575362). Retrieved from Social Science Research Network website: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=575362
  • Falk, M. (2007). R&D spending in the high-tech sector and economic growth. Research in Economics, 61(3), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2007.05.002
  • Göçer, İ. (2013). Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Yüksek Teknolojili Ürün İhracatı, Dış Ticaret Dengesi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri. 27.
  • Guloglu, B., & Tekin, R. B. (2012). A Panel Causality Analysis of the Relationship among Research and Development, Innovation, and Economic Growth in High-Income OECD Countries. Eurasian Economic Review, 2(1), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.14208/BF03353831
  • Horvath, R. (2011). Research & development and growth: A Bayesian model averaging analysis. Economic Modelling, 28(6), 2669–2673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.08.007
  • Huang, C., Zhang, M., Zhao, Y., & Varum, C. A. (2008). Determinants of exports in China: a microeconometric analysis. The European Journal of Development Research, 20(2), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578810802060793
  • Inekwe, J. N. (2015). The Contribution of R&D Expenditure to Economic Growth in Developing Economies. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 727–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0807-3
  • Jones, C. (1995). R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 103(4), 759–784.
  • Niranjala, S. a. U., & Jianguo, W. (2015). The Relationship between Innovations and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(22), 74-81–81.
  • OECD (Ed.). (2010). Measuring innovation: a new perspective. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD. (2015). Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264239012-en
  • Prodan, I. (2005). Influence of Research and Development Expenditures on Number of Patent Aplications: Selected Case Studies in OECD countries and Central Europe, 1981- 2001. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 5(4). Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eaa/aeinde/v5y2005i4_1.html
  • Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), S71-102.
  • Samimi, A. J., & Alerasoul, S. M. (2009). R&D and economic growth: New evidence from some developing countries. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, (3), 3464–3469.
  • Sandu, S., & Ciocanel, B. (2014). Impact of R&D and Innovation on High-tech Export. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212- 5671(14)00450-X
  • Schumpeter, J., A. (1934). Change and the Entrepreneur.
  • Sinha, D. (2008). PATENTS, INNOVATIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA. 8, 8.
  • Zachariadis, M. (2003). R&D, innovation, and technological progress: a test of the Schumpeterian framework without scale effects. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d’économique, 36(3), 566–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5982.t01-2-00003
  • Zar, J. H. (1972). Significance Testing of the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67(339), 578–580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2284441
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Uluslararası Toplumsal Bilimler Dergisi Cilt 4 Sayı 2
Authors

Yasemin Hece 0000-0002-1036-9413

Muhammed Furkan Demir 0000-0003-4699-6811

Gizem Nazlıcan Güner 0000-0002-5395-0507

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hece, Y., Demir, M. F., & Güner, G. N. (2020). The Impact of R&D on Innovation and Economic Growth in OECD Countries. Uluslararası Toplumsal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 83.