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SİLAH ŞİDDETİ VE TOPLU CİNAYETLER

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 148 - 167, 11.07.2021

Abstract

Ateşli silahların icadı güç dengelerinin değişmesini ve savaşlarda kullanılan geleneksel yöntemlerin bırakılmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Barutun silah olarak kullanılmaya başlamasının ardından taşınabilir boyutta ve barut gücünden faydalanan silahların icadı ile birlikte kriminal vakaların sayısı ve ölümle sonuçlanma oranı arasında da pozitif korelasyon olduğu gözlenmektedir. Özellikle ateşli silahların günümüzde tabanca olarak adlandırdığımız silahlar haline gelmesi ve seri üretime geçilmesiyle beraber silah pazarı ortaya çıkmış ve o günden itibaren büyüyerek varlığını sürdüren bir pazar haline gelmiştir. Silah üretiminin her geçen yıl artması bireysel silahlanmayı ve bu duruma bağlı sorunları da yanında getirmektedir. Bu nedenle bireysel silahlanma konusu birçok ülkede yasal çerçeve belirlenerek uygulanmakta ve yasadışı silah bulundurmak ve temin etmek suç sayılmaktadır. Başta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri olmak üzere dünyadaki birçok ülkede ateşli silahlara ulaşımın kolay olması nedeniyle yaşanan facialarda birçok kişi hayatını kaybetmiştir. Özellikle toplu cinayet olarak adlandırılan ve dünyanın birçok ülkesinde meydana gelen vakalarda ateşli silahlara sahip bir saldırgan gerçekleştirdiği bir saldırı sonucu onlarca kişinin hayatını kaybetmesine yol açtığı bilinmektedir. bu nedenle silah sahibi olmanın bir hak mı yoksa bir ayrıcalık mı olduğu konusu birçok ülkenin gündemini meşgul etmektedir. Bu bağlamda yapılan çalışmada bir kişisel güvenlik unsuru olarak görülen silahların sağladıkları yararın yanında oluşturdukları zararlar ve bu konudaki yasal süreçler incelenmiştir.

References

  • Bushman, Brad J.; Jamieson, Patrick E.; Weitz, I. and Romer, D., (2013), Gun Violence Trends in Movies, Pediatrics, 132 (6) 1014-1018.
  • Chase, K., (2003), Firearms A Global History to 1700, New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Dietz, P., E., (1986), Mass, Serial and Sensational Homicides, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 62(5):477-91.
  • Donohue, John J. and Levitt, Steven D. (1998), Guns, Violence, and the Efficiency of Illegal Markets, The American Economic Review, 88(2), 463-467.
  • Duwe, G., (2019), Patterns and Prevalence of Lethal Mass Violence, Criminology & Public Policy, 1–19.
  • Dyb, G., Tine K. Jensen, Egil Nygaard, Oivind Ekeberg, Trond H. Diseth, Tore Wentzel-Larsen and Siri Thoresen, (2013), Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions in Survivors of the 2011 Massacre on Utoya Island, Norway, The British Journal of Psychiatry, 204, 361–367.
  • FESAC, (2009), A Short History of Firearms, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  • Gold, Liza H., (2020), Domestic Violence, Firearms, and Mass Shootings, The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 48(1), 35– 42.
  • https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/a-mass-murderer-leaves-eight-women-dead.
  • Justin Nix, PhD, and Glenn Ramsey, MD, (2019), The Las Vegas Mass Shooting: An Analysis of Blood Component Administration and Blood Bank Donations, J Trauma Acute Care Surg., 86(1):128-133.
  • Kiilakoski, T.; Nurmi, J. and Oksanen, A, (2014), Coping with Tragedy, Reacting to an Event: The Case of the Jokela School Shooting in Finland, YOUNG, 22(4) 345–360.
  • Knoll James L, (2012), Mass Murder Causes, Classification, and Prevention, Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(4), 757-780.
  • Knoll James L. and Annas, George D. (2016), Mass Shootings and Mental Illness, American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 81-104.
  • Lemieux, F., (2014), Effect of Gun Culture and Firearm Laws on Gun Violence and Mass Shootings in the United States: A Multi-Level Quantitative Analysis, International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 9(1), 74-93.
  • Lozada, M,, James; Stephanie Cai, Marissa Li, MD, Stephanie Lynne Davidson, DO, Luca, M; Malhotra, D. and Poliquin, C., (2020), The Impact of Mass Shootings on Gun Policy, Journal of Public Economies, 181, 1-20.
  • McCrery, N. (2013), Silent Witnesses: The Often Gruesome but Always Fascinating History of Forensic Science, Chicago, Chicago Review Press.
  • Pierre, Joseph M., (2019), The Psychology of Guns: Risk, Fear, and Motivated Reasoning, Palgrave Commun, (2019) 5:159.
  • Ramsay, J., (2013), Firearms in Nineteenth Century Botswana: The Case of Livingstone's 8- Bore Bullet, South African Historical Journal, 66(3), 440-469.
  • Rocque, M. and Duwe, G., (2018), Rampage Shootings: An Historical, Empirical, and Theoretical Overview, Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 28-33.
  • Shah, N., (2017), Gunning for War: Infantry Rifles and The Calibration of Lethal Force, Critical Studies on Security, 5(1), 81-104.
  • Glaeser, Edward L. and Glandon, S., (1988), Who Owns Guns? Criminals, Victims, and the Culture of Violence, The American Economic Review, 88(2), 458-462.
  • Shultz, James M.; Thoresen, S. and Galea, S. (2017), The Las Vegas Shootings—Underscoring Key Features of the Firearm Epidemic, JAMA, 318(18):1753–1754.
  • Thoresen, S., Helene Flood Aakvaag, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Grete Dyb and Ole Kristian Hjemdal, (2012), The Day Norway Cried: Proximity and Distress in Norwegian Citizens Following The 22nd of July 2011 Terrorist Attacks in Oslo And on Utoya Island, European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3(1), 1-11.
  • Volkan, Vamık, D., (2016), Guns and Violence in the International Arena, The International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 13(2), 102-112.
  • Wallace, Lacey N. (2014), Castle Doctrine Legislation: Unintended Effects for Gun Ownership?, Justice Policy Journal, 11(2), 1-17.
  • Zimring, Franklin, E., (2004), Firearms, Violence, and the Potential Impact of Firearms Control, Journal of Law, Medicine G Ethics, 32 (2004): 34-37.

GUN VIOLENCE AND MASS SHOOTING

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 148 - 167, 11.07.2021

Abstract

The invention of firearms provided the change in the balance of power and the abandonment of traditional methods used in wars. After the use of gunpowder as a weapon, it is observed that there is a positive correlation between the number of criminal cases and the rate of death. The gun market has emerged, especially with the firearms becoming the guns today and mass production. This gun market is getting bigger from past to present. The increase in weapon production every year brings individual armament and the problems related to this situation. For this reason, the issue of individual armament is applied by defining the legal framework in many countries, and the having and supply of illegal weapons is considered a crime. It is known that dozen of people lost their lives as a result of an attack carried out by a murder with firearms, especially in cases called mass murder and occurring in many countries of the world. For this reason, the issue of whether owning a gun is a right or a privilege occupies the agenda of many countries. In this study the damage caused by weapons, which are seen as a personal security element, as well as the benefits they provide, and the legal processes in this regard are examined.

References

  • Bushman, Brad J.; Jamieson, Patrick E.; Weitz, I. and Romer, D., (2013), Gun Violence Trends in Movies, Pediatrics, 132 (6) 1014-1018.
  • Chase, K., (2003), Firearms A Global History to 1700, New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Dietz, P., E., (1986), Mass, Serial and Sensational Homicides, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 62(5):477-91.
  • Donohue, John J. and Levitt, Steven D. (1998), Guns, Violence, and the Efficiency of Illegal Markets, The American Economic Review, 88(2), 463-467.
  • Duwe, G., (2019), Patterns and Prevalence of Lethal Mass Violence, Criminology & Public Policy, 1–19.
  • Dyb, G., Tine K. Jensen, Egil Nygaard, Oivind Ekeberg, Trond H. Diseth, Tore Wentzel-Larsen and Siri Thoresen, (2013), Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions in Survivors of the 2011 Massacre on Utoya Island, Norway, The British Journal of Psychiatry, 204, 361–367.
  • FESAC, (2009), A Short History of Firearms, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  • Gold, Liza H., (2020), Domestic Violence, Firearms, and Mass Shootings, The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 48(1), 35– 42.
  • https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/a-mass-murderer-leaves-eight-women-dead.
  • Justin Nix, PhD, and Glenn Ramsey, MD, (2019), The Las Vegas Mass Shooting: An Analysis of Blood Component Administration and Blood Bank Donations, J Trauma Acute Care Surg., 86(1):128-133.
  • Kiilakoski, T.; Nurmi, J. and Oksanen, A, (2014), Coping with Tragedy, Reacting to an Event: The Case of the Jokela School Shooting in Finland, YOUNG, 22(4) 345–360.
  • Knoll James L, (2012), Mass Murder Causes, Classification, and Prevention, Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(4), 757-780.
  • Knoll James L. and Annas, George D. (2016), Mass Shootings and Mental Illness, American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 81-104.
  • Lemieux, F., (2014), Effect of Gun Culture and Firearm Laws on Gun Violence and Mass Shootings in the United States: A Multi-Level Quantitative Analysis, International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 9(1), 74-93.
  • Lozada, M,, James; Stephanie Cai, Marissa Li, MD, Stephanie Lynne Davidson, DO, Luca, M; Malhotra, D. and Poliquin, C., (2020), The Impact of Mass Shootings on Gun Policy, Journal of Public Economies, 181, 1-20.
  • McCrery, N. (2013), Silent Witnesses: The Often Gruesome but Always Fascinating History of Forensic Science, Chicago, Chicago Review Press.
  • Pierre, Joseph M., (2019), The Psychology of Guns: Risk, Fear, and Motivated Reasoning, Palgrave Commun, (2019) 5:159.
  • Ramsay, J., (2013), Firearms in Nineteenth Century Botswana: The Case of Livingstone's 8- Bore Bullet, South African Historical Journal, 66(3), 440-469.
  • Rocque, M. and Duwe, G., (2018), Rampage Shootings: An Historical, Empirical, and Theoretical Overview, Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 28-33.
  • Shah, N., (2017), Gunning for War: Infantry Rifles and The Calibration of Lethal Force, Critical Studies on Security, 5(1), 81-104.
  • Glaeser, Edward L. and Glandon, S., (1988), Who Owns Guns? Criminals, Victims, and the Culture of Violence, The American Economic Review, 88(2), 458-462.
  • Shultz, James M.; Thoresen, S. and Galea, S. (2017), The Las Vegas Shootings—Underscoring Key Features of the Firearm Epidemic, JAMA, 318(18):1753–1754.
  • Thoresen, S., Helene Flood Aakvaag, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Grete Dyb and Ole Kristian Hjemdal, (2012), The Day Norway Cried: Proximity and Distress in Norwegian Citizens Following The 22nd of July 2011 Terrorist Attacks in Oslo And on Utoya Island, European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3(1), 1-11.
  • Volkan, Vamık, D., (2016), Guns and Violence in the International Arena, The International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 13(2), 102-112.
  • Wallace, Lacey N. (2014), Castle Doctrine Legislation: Unintended Effects for Gun Ownership?, Justice Policy Journal, 11(2), 1-17.
  • Zimring, Franklin, E., (2004), Firearms, Violence, and the Potential Impact of Firearms Control, Journal of Law, Medicine G Ethics, 32 (2004): 34-37.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Uluslararası Toplumsal Bilimler Dergisi Cilt 5 Sayı 1
Authors

Niyazi Umut Akıncıoğlu

Mehmet Demirbaş

Yeşim Doğan

Publication Date July 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akıncıoğlu, N. U., Demirbaş, M., & Doğan, Y. (2021). GUN VIOLENCE AND MASS SHOOTING. Uluslararası Toplumsal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 148-167.