Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

APARTHEID KİMLİKLERİNİ SÖMÜRGECİLİKTEN ARINDIRMA: LEWIS NKOSI’NİN ÇİFTLEŞEN KUŞLAR ROMANI

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 590 - 613, 30.12.2024

Abstract

Bu makale, Lewis Nkosi’nin ünlü romanı Çiftleşen Kuşlar’ı, yirminci yüzyılda Güney Afrika’daki apartheid rejimi tarafından inşa edilen sömürge kimliklerinin nasıl sömürgecilikten arındırılacağı sorusunu ele alan bir metin olarak analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, makale, ötekiliğin, farklılığın ve kimliğin bu sömürgecilik sonrası romanda nasıl inşa edildiğini göz önüne sermektedir. Dahası, makale, romanda hem sömürgeleştirilenin hem de sömürgecinin kimliklerini yapıbozuma uğratmak ve onları sömürgecilikten arındırılmış otantik benlikler olarak yeniden inşa etmek için yazının sömürgecilik sonrası bir strateji olarak nasıl kullanıldığını da incelemektedir. Yüzeyde, Çiftleşen Kuşlar, siyahi bir gençle beyaz bir kız arasındaki garip bir aşk ilişkisinin hikayesidir ve bu ilişki, sonunda o gencin mahkum edilmesine ve trajik bir şekilde idam edilmesine yol açar. Daha derin bir düzeyde bu roman, Güney Afrika, apartheid ve apartheid karşıtı direniş hakkında bir anlatıdır. Bilgi ve güç, apartheid rejiminin Güney Afrika’da yarattığı korkunç fiziksel ve zihinsel hapishanenin bir sonucu olarak sömürgeleştirilenlerin çaresizliği, zorla dayatılan kültürler arasındaki sessizlik ve iletişimsizlik, sadece ten renkleri farklı olduğu için insanlar arasındaki diyaloğa getirilen her türlü kısıtlamalardan kurtulma arzusu gibi temaları işleyen bir roman olarak Çiftleşen Kuşlar, tüm kültürleri ve insanları doğası gereği farklı, ancak değeri açısından eşit olarak görme arzusunu temsil eder. Eğitim ve yazma, insanların gözlerini açar ve baskıcı otoriteyi sorgulamalarını, eleştirmelerini ve ortadan kaldırmalarını sağlar. Apartheid, beyaz olmayan insanların eğitimini, asil vahşiler olmaktan sapmalarına neden olan yozlaştırıcı bir şey olarak görür. Üniversite öğrencisi olan başkahraman Sibiya, hapishanede bir otobiyografi biçiminde yazdığı bu hikayenin birinci şahıs anlatıcısı ve yazarıdır. Sibiya’nın apartheid’e meydan okuyan bir yanıt olarak yazdığı bu metin, kendisinin ve okuyucularının hem zihinlerini hem de kimliklerini sömürgecilikten arındırmalarını sağlar.

References

  • Aschcroft, B.; Griffiths, G. & Tiffin, H. (1991). The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Postcolonial Literatures. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bhabha, H. (1994). “Of mimicry and man: The ambivalence of colonial discourse.” The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Boehmer, E. (2005). Colonial and Postcolonial Literature: Migrant Metaphors. Oxford University Press: New York. Fanon, F. (1974). The Wretched of the Earth. Great Britain: Penguin.
  • Jones, L. C. (Aug 1994). ‘From Apartheid to the Rainbow Nation.’ Ebony, Vol. 49 Issue 10, 32-6.
  • Levinas, E. (1994). Ethics and Infinity. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
  • Memmi, A. (1991). The Colonizer and the Colonized. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Nandy, A. (1988). The intimate enemy: loss and recovery of self under colonialism. New Delhi: OUP.
  • Ngũgĩ, w. T. (1986). Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. London: Heinemann.
  • Nkosi, L. (1981). Tasks and Masks: Themes and Styles of African Literature. London: Longman.
  • Nkosi, L. (1986). Mating Birds. London: Constable.
  • Said, E. (1979). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Said, E. (1993). Culture and Imperialism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Sardar, Z. & Van Loon, B. (1998). Introducing Cultural Studies. New York: Totem.
  • http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/6/0,5716,8086+1+7978,00.html. Accessed 1 November 2024.
  • https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Consciousness-movement Accessed 1 November 2024.
  • https://www.britannica.com/topic/African-National-Congress/Internal-dissent. Accessed 1 November 2024.
  • https://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1953geyer.html. Accessed 13 December 2024.
  • https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/lewis-nkosi. Accessed 1 November 2024.
  • https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/umkhonto-wesizwe-mk-exile. Accessed 1 November 2024.

DECOLONIZING APARTHEID IDENTITIES: LEWIS NKOSI’S MATING BIRDS

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 590 - 613, 30.12.2024

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze Lewis Nkosi’s famous novel Mating Birds as a text that deals with the question of how to decolonize the colonial identities constructed by the apartheid regime in South Africa in the twentieth century. In this respect, the paper demonstrates how otherness, difference, and identity are constructed in this postcolonial novel. Moreover, it also explores how writing is used as a postcolonial strategy in the novel to deconstruct the identities of both the colonized and the colonizer and to reconstruct them as authentic decolonized selves. On the surface, Mating Birds is the story of a strange love affair between a black boy and a white girl, which eventually leads to the conviction and tragic execution of the boy. On a deeper level, it is a narrative about South Africa, apartheid and anti-apartheid resistance. As a novel that deals with such themes as knowledge and power, the cul-de-sac of the colonized as a consequence of the horrifying physical and mental prison apartheid created in South Africa, the forced silence and lack of communication between cultures, and the irresistible desire to get rid of any restrictions placed against dialogue between people who differ only in skin color, Mating Birds embodies the desire to view all cultures and people as different in nature, but equal in value. Education and writing open people’s eyes and enable them to question, criticize, and dismantle oppressive authority. Apartheid considers the education of non-white peoples as something corruptive, which causes their deviation from being noble savages. The protagonist Sibiya, a university student, is the first-person narrator and writer of this tale, which he writes in prison in the form of an autobiography. As a defying response to apartheid, his writing enables him and his readers to decolonize both their minds and identities.

References

  • Aschcroft, B.; Griffiths, G. & Tiffin, H. (1991). The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Postcolonial Literatures. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bhabha, H. (1994). “Of mimicry and man: The ambivalence of colonial discourse.” The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Boehmer, E. (2005). Colonial and Postcolonial Literature: Migrant Metaphors. Oxford University Press: New York. Fanon, F. (1974). The Wretched of the Earth. Great Britain: Penguin.
  • Jones, L. C. (Aug 1994). ‘From Apartheid to the Rainbow Nation.’ Ebony, Vol. 49 Issue 10, 32-6.
  • Levinas, E. (1994). Ethics and Infinity. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
  • Memmi, A. (1991). The Colonizer and the Colonized. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Nandy, A. (1988). The intimate enemy: loss and recovery of self under colonialism. New Delhi: OUP.
  • Ngũgĩ, w. T. (1986). Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. London: Heinemann.
  • Nkosi, L. (1981). Tasks and Masks: Themes and Styles of African Literature. London: Longman.
  • Nkosi, L. (1986). Mating Birds. London: Constable.
  • Said, E. (1979). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Said, E. (1993). Culture and Imperialism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Sardar, Z. & Van Loon, B. (1998). Introducing Cultural Studies. New York: Totem.
  • http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/6/0,5716,8086+1+7978,00.html. Accessed 1 November 2024.
  • https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Consciousness-movement Accessed 1 November 2024.
  • https://www.britannica.com/topic/African-National-Congress/Internal-dissent. Accessed 1 November 2024.
  • https://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1953geyer.html. Accessed 13 December 2024.
  • https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/lewis-nkosi. Accessed 1 November 2024.
  • https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/umkhonto-wesizwe-mk-exile. Accessed 1 November 2024.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects African Language, Literature and Culture, British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section TOBİDER - International Journal of Social Sciences Volume 8 Issue 4
Authors

Tahsin Çulhaoğlu 0000-0002-3166-581X

Early Pub Date December 27, 2024
Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date December 13, 2024
Acceptance Date December 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Çulhaoğlu, T. (2024). DECOLONIZING APARTHEID IDENTITIES: LEWIS NKOSI’S MATING BIRDS. Uluslararası Toplumsal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(4), 590-613.