Iron status of pregnant women and their newborns and the necessity of iron supplementation in infants in Eastern Turkey

Abstract

Aim: Iron deficiency anemia is the most frequent cause of nutritional anemia in the first two years of life The aim of this study is to evaluate iron status of pregnant women and their infants in Eastern Turkey and to determine its effects on iron deficiency anemia in the first year of life Material and Method: This study was performed in 92 pregnant women classified in four groups according to the iron status and iron prophylaxis This study was approved by The Local Ethics Committee Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu 25 03 2004 4 Session Pregnant women were followed up from the 14th week and venous blood samples were obtained at presentation Blood samples of infants were obtained at birth and in the third month sixth month and twelfth month of life Complete blood count serum ferritin and iron levels and total iron binding capacity were evaluated in these blood samples One way analysis of variance ANOVA and Pearson rsquo;s and Spearman rsquo;s rank test were used for statistical methods Results: At birth serum iron and ferritin levels were not significantly different between the four groups p lt;0 05 At third month of life; serum iron levels were diminished in accordance with the physiologic changes and at sixth month of life; iron deficiency anemia was developed in 40 of the first group in 57 1 of the second group in 50 of the third group and 69 2 of the fourth group Conclusions: Iron status of infants is not defined only by iron stores at birth The nutrition during the first year of life is also effective In this study iron deficiency anemia was developed in approximately 50 of infants in the sixth month of life although iron storage was sufficient at birth Supplementation of iron in infants in Eastern Turkey is necessary from the third month of life Turk Arch Ped 2011; 46: 238 43

Keywords

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Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde gebelerde ve doğan bebeklerinde demir durumu ve süt çocuklarında demir desteği gerekliliği

Öz

Amaç: Yaşamın ilk iki yılı içerisindeki besinsel anemilerin en önemli nedeni demir eksikliği anemisidir. Bu çalışmada Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde gebe kadınlarda ve doğan bebeklerinde demir durumunun tanımlanması ve yaşamın ilk yılı içerisinde ortaya çıkan demir eksikliği anemisine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma demir durumu ve demir desteğine göre dört grupta sınıflandırılan 92 gebe kadında gerçekleştirildi. Yerel etik kuruldan onay alındı (Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu 25.03.2004 tarih 4. Toplantı 2. Karar). Gebe kadınlar 14. haftadan itibaren izlendi ve venöz kan örnekleri başvuruda, bebeklerinden ise doğumda, üçüncü, altıncı ve on ikinci ayda elde edildi. Kan örneklerinde tam kan sayımı yanında serum demiri, ferritin ve demir bağlama kapasitesi değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel yöntem olarak tek yönlü Varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Pearson ve Spearman rank testi uygulandı.

Bulgular: Doğumda dört grup arasında serum demir ve ferritin düzeyleri açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p<0,05). Üçüncü ayda, serum demir değerleri fizyolojiye uygun olarak azaldı ve altıncı ayda, birinci grupta %40, ikinci grupta %57,1, üçüncü grupta %50 ve dördüncü grupta %69,2 oranında demir eksikliği anemisi gelişti.

Çıkarımlar: Bebeklerin demir durumu doğumdaki demir depolarıyla belirlenemez, yaşamın birinci yılında beslenme de etkilidir. Çalışmada doğumda demir depolarının yeterli olmasına karşın altıncı ayda bebeklerin yarısında demir eksikliği anemisi gelişti. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde çocuklarda üçüncü aydan itibaren demir desteği gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Demir desteği
• demir durumu
• demir eksikliği anemisi
• gebe kadın
• süt çocuğu

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