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The impact of passive smoking on the respiratory system in children Invited Editor

Year 2007, Volume: 42 Issue: 4, 136 - 141, 01.12.2007

Abstract

Passive smoking environmental tobacco smoke is an important public health problem causing several adverse effects on the health outcomes of children Adverse effects of passive smoking occur from conception through adolescence Exposure to passive smoking in children is associated especially with increased upper and lower respiratory infection and increased asthmatic symptoms Globally including Turkey the percentage of children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke is considerably high Exposure intensity of passive smoking shows a strong correlation with indoor parental and especially maternal smoking the number of cigarettes smoked the number and volume capacity of the rooms where cigarettes are smoked and individual metabolic diversities Turk Arch Ped 2007; 42: 136 41 Key words: Child health passive smoking respiratory tract infection

References

  • Law MR, Hackshaw AK. Enviromental tobacco smoke. Br Med Bull 1996;52:22-34. 2. California Environmental Protection Acency. Health effects of ex- posure to environmental tobacco smoke. Final Report. California Environmental Protection Acency Office Of Environmental Health Hazard Assesment, 1997.
  • Karlıkaya C. Sigara ana ve yan dumanının içerikleri. www.to- raks.org.tr/archive.php. Son erişim tarihi: 10 Mayıs 2007. 4. Landau LI. Parental smoking: asthma and wheezig illnesses in in- fants and children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2001;2:202-6.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Environmental Tobacco Smo- ke: A hazard to children. Pediatrics 1997;99:639-41. 6. World http//:www.who.int/tobaco/en/atlas/10.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 11 Nisan 2007. Tobacco Atlas 10.
  • Couriel JM. Passive smoking and the health of children. Thorax 1994;49:731-4.
  • Halksen S, Host A, Nilsson L, Tavdorf E. Passive smoking as a risk factor for development of obstructive respiratory disease and al- lergic sensitization. Allergy 1995;50:97-105.
  • Ersu R, Arman AR, Save D, et al. Prevalence of snoring and symp- toms of sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children in Istanbul. Chest 2004;126:19-24.
  • Guneser S, Atici A, Alparslan N, Cinaz P. Effects of indoor envi- ronmental factors on respiratory systems of children. J Trop Pe- diatr 1994;40:114-6.
  • Karakoç F, Dağlı E, Kut A, Pamukçu A. Çocuklarda pasif sigaraya maruziyetin serum kotinin düzeyi ile belirlenmesi. Türkiye Klinikle- ri Dergisi 1998;7:77-82.
  • Boyacı H, Duman C, Basygit I, et al. Determination of environmen- tal tobacco smoke in primary school children with urine cotinine measurements. Tuberk Toraks 2004;52:231-6.
  • Jarvis MJ, Goddard E, Higgins V, et al. Children exposure to pas- sive smoking in England since the 1980’s: cotinine evidence, from population surveys. BMJ 2000;321:343-5.
  • Hofhuis W, de Jongste JC, Merkus PJ. Adverse health effects of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure on children. Arch Dis Child 2003;88:1086-90.
  • Li JS, Peat JK, Xuan W, Berry G. Meta-analysis on the associati- on between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection in early childho- od. Pediatr Pulmonol 1999;27:5-13.
  • Cook GD, Strachan DP. Health effects of passive smoking-10. Summary of effects of parental smoking on the respiratory health of children and implications for research. Thorax 1999;54:357-66.
  • Tager IB, Weiss ST, Munoz A, Rosner B, Speizer FE. Longitudinal study of the effects on maternal smoking on pulmonary function in children. N Eng J Med 1983;308:699-703.
  • Cook DG, Strachan DP, Carey IM. Health effects of passive smo- king. 9. Parental smoking and spirometric indices in children. Tho- rax 1998;53:884-93.
  • Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Islam T, et al. Enviromental tobacco smo- ke and absenteesism related to respitory illness in school children. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:861-9.
  • Peat JK, Keena V, Harakeh Z, Marks G. Parental smoking and respiratory tract infections in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2001;2:207-13.
  • DiFranza JR, Aligne CA, Weitzman M. Prenatal and postnatal en- vironmental tobacco smoke exposure and children health. Pediatrics 2004;113:1007-15.
  • Stoddard JJ, Miller T. Impact of parental smoking on the prevalence of wheezing respiratory illness in children. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:96-102.
  • Babu KS, Arshad SH. The role of allergy in the development of air- way inflammation in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2003;4:40-6.
  • Karadağ B, Karakoç F, Ceran O, et al. Does passive smoke ex- posure trigger acute attack in children? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2003;31:318-23.
  • Ribeiro SA, Furuyama T, Schenkman S, Jardim JR. Atopy, pas- sive smoking, respiratory infections and asthma among children from kindergarten and elementary school. Sao Paulo Med J 2002;120:109-12.
  • Takizawa H, Tanaka M, Takami K, et al. Increased expression of inflammatory mediators in small-airway epithelium from tobacco smokers. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000;278:1906-13.
  • Gürkan F, Kıral A, Dağlı E, Karakoç F. The effects of passive smoking on the development of respiratory syncytial virus bronc- hiolitis. Eur J Epidemiol 2000;16:465-8.
  • Strachan DP, Cook DG. Health effects of passive smoking-5. Parental smoking and allergic sensitisation in children. Thorax 1998;53:117-23.
  • Gergen PJ. Enviromental tobacco smoke as a risk factor for res- piratory disease in children. Respir Physiol 2001;128:39-46.
  • Illi S, von Mutius E, Lau S, et al. Early childhood infectious dis- eases and development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study. BMJ 2001;322:390-5.
  • Shiva F, Nasiri M, Sadeghi B, Padyap M. Effects of passive smok- ing on common respiratory symptoms in young children. Acta Paediatr 2003;92:1394-7.
  • Koch A, Molbak K, Homoe P, et al. Risk factors for acute res- piratory tract infections in young Greenlandic children. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:374-84.
  • Strachan DP, Cook DG. Health effects of passive smoking-6. Parental smoking and childhood asthma: longitudinal case cont- rol studies. Thorax 1998;53:204-12.
  • Cunningham J, O'Connor TG, Dockery WD, Speizer EF. Environ- mental tobacco smoke, wheezing, and asthma in children in 24 communites. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:218-24.
  • Ehrlich RI, Du Toit D, Jordaan E, et al. Risk factors for childhood asthma and wheezing. Importance of maternal and household smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:681-8.
  • Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Shannon FT. Parental smoking and respiratory illness in infancy. Arch Dis Child 1980;55:358-61.
  • Willers S, Svenonius E, Skarping G. Passive smoking and child- hood asthma. Urinary cotinine levels in children with asthma and in referents. Allergy 1991;46:330-4.
  • Rona RJ, Chinn S. Lung function, respiratory illness, and passive smoking in British primary school children. Thorax 1993;48:21-5.
  • Charlton A. Children’s coughs related to parental smoking. BMJ 1984;288:1647-9.
  • Hellermann GR, Nagy SB, Kong X, et al. Mechanism of cigarette smoke condensate-induced acute inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Res 2002;3:22-30.
  • Lux AL, Henderson AJ, Pocock SJ. Wheeze associated with pre- natal tobacco smoke exposure: a prospective, longitudinal study. ALSPAC Study Team. Arch Dis Child 2000;83:307-12.
  • Gern JE. Mechanisms of virus-induced asthma. J Pediatr 2003;142:S10-4.
  • Martinez FD. Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Pediatr Infec Dis J 2003;22:S76-82.
  • Giovanni P. Contribution of neuroimmune mechanisms to airway inflammation and remodeling during and after respiratory syncy- tial virus infection. Pediatr Infec Dis J 2003;22:66-75.
  • Oymar K, Bjerknes R. Urinary eosinophil protein X in children with asthma: influence of atopy and airway infections. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2001;12:34-41.
  • Ingram JM, Rakes G, Hoover GE, et al. Eosinophil cationic protein in serum and nasal washes from wheezing infants and children. J Pediatr 1995;127:558-64.
  • Koller DY, Halmerbauer G, Frisher T, Roithner B. Assessment of eosinophil granule proteins body fluids: is there a relation to clinical variables in childhood asthma? Clin Exp Allergy 1999;29:786-93.
  • Berrak GS, Özek E, Cebeci D, et al. Increased cord-blood eosinophil count and prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke: a con- cern for development of atopy early in childhood. Marmara Medical J 2002;15:86-91.
  • Atici A, Altintas D, Yuksel B, et al. Do parental smoking and his- tory of allergy influence cord-serum IgE? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1995;6:213-5.
  • Murray CS, Woodcock A, Smillie FI, et al. Tobacco smoke ex- posure, wheeze and atopy. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004;37:492-8.
  • Nja F, Roksund OD, Carlsen KH. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in school children living in a mountainous area of Norway: a pop- ulation-based study of ECP as a tool for diagnosis asthma in children with reference values. Allergy 2001;56:138-44.
  • Lodrup Carlsen KH, Halvorsen R, Carlsen K-H. Serum inflam- matory markers and effects of age and tobacco smoke exposure in young non-asthmatic children. Acta Paediatr 1998;87:559-64.
  • Willers S, Axmon A, Feyerabend C, et al. Assesment of en- viromental tobbacco smoke exposure in children with asthmatic symptoms by questionnaire and cotinine concentrations in plas- ma, saliva, and urine. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:715-21.
  • Henderson FW, Reid HF, Morris R, et al. Home air nicotine levels and urinary cotinine excretion in preschool children. Am J Respir Dis 1989;140:197-201.

Pasif sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda solunum sistemi üzerindeki etkileri Çağrılı Editör

Year 2007, Volume: 42 Issue: 4, 136 - 141, 01.12.2007

Abstract

Pasif sigara içiciliği çevresel sigara dumanı çocuk sağlığı üzerinde birçok olumsuz etkileri olan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur Sigaranın olumsuz etkileri gebelik başlangıcından başlayarak ergenlik dönemi boyunca sürmektedir Pasif sigara içiciliği çocuklarda özellikle üst ve alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının ve astmatik belirtilerin artmasına yol açmaktadır Çocukların çevresel sigara dumanı altında bulunması Türkiye’de dahil olmak üzere tüm dünyada oldukça yaygındır Çevresel sigara dumanı altında bulunma yoğunluğu ev içinde ebeveynin ve özellikle de annenin içtiği sigara içilen sigara sayısı sigara içilen oda sayısı ve hacmi ve bireyin metabolik özellikleriyle yakın ilişki gösterir Türk Ped Arş 2007; 42: 136 41 Anahtar kelimeler: Çocuk sağlığı pasif sigara içiciliği solunum sistemi enfeksiyonu

References

  • Law MR, Hackshaw AK. Enviromental tobacco smoke. Br Med Bull 1996;52:22-34. 2. California Environmental Protection Acency. Health effects of ex- posure to environmental tobacco smoke. Final Report. California Environmental Protection Acency Office Of Environmental Health Hazard Assesment, 1997.
  • Karlıkaya C. Sigara ana ve yan dumanının içerikleri. www.to- raks.org.tr/archive.php. Son erişim tarihi: 10 Mayıs 2007. 4. Landau LI. Parental smoking: asthma and wheezig illnesses in in- fants and children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2001;2:202-6.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Environmental Tobacco Smo- ke: A hazard to children. Pediatrics 1997;99:639-41. 6. World http//:www.who.int/tobaco/en/atlas/10.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 11 Nisan 2007. Tobacco Atlas 10.
  • Couriel JM. Passive smoking and the health of children. Thorax 1994;49:731-4.
  • Halksen S, Host A, Nilsson L, Tavdorf E. Passive smoking as a risk factor for development of obstructive respiratory disease and al- lergic sensitization. Allergy 1995;50:97-105.
  • Ersu R, Arman AR, Save D, et al. Prevalence of snoring and symp- toms of sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children in Istanbul. Chest 2004;126:19-24.
  • Guneser S, Atici A, Alparslan N, Cinaz P. Effects of indoor envi- ronmental factors on respiratory systems of children. J Trop Pe- diatr 1994;40:114-6.
  • Karakoç F, Dağlı E, Kut A, Pamukçu A. Çocuklarda pasif sigaraya maruziyetin serum kotinin düzeyi ile belirlenmesi. Türkiye Klinikle- ri Dergisi 1998;7:77-82.
  • Boyacı H, Duman C, Basygit I, et al. Determination of environmen- tal tobacco smoke in primary school children with urine cotinine measurements. Tuberk Toraks 2004;52:231-6.
  • Jarvis MJ, Goddard E, Higgins V, et al. Children exposure to pas- sive smoking in England since the 1980’s: cotinine evidence, from population surveys. BMJ 2000;321:343-5.
  • Hofhuis W, de Jongste JC, Merkus PJ. Adverse health effects of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure on children. Arch Dis Child 2003;88:1086-90.
  • Li JS, Peat JK, Xuan W, Berry G. Meta-analysis on the associati- on between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection in early childho- od. Pediatr Pulmonol 1999;27:5-13.
  • Cook GD, Strachan DP. Health effects of passive smoking-10. Summary of effects of parental smoking on the respiratory health of children and implications for research. Thorax 1999;54:357-66.
  • Tager IB, Weiss ST, Munoz A, Rosner B, Speizer FE. Longitudinal study of the effects on maternal smoking on pulmonary function in children. N Eng J Med 1983;308:699-703.
  • Cook DG, Strachan DP, Carey IM. Health effects of passive smo- king. 9. Parental smoking and spirometric indices in children. Tho- rax 1998;53:884-93.
  • Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Islam T, et al. Enviromental tobacco smo- ke and absenteesism related to respitory illness in school children. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:861-9.
  • Peat JK, Keena V, Harakeh Z, Marks G. Parental smoking and respiratory tract infections in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2001;2:207-13.
  • DiFranza JR, Aligne CA, Weitzman M. Prenatal and postnatal en- vironmental tobacco smoke exposure and children health. Pediatrics 2004;113:1007-15.
  • Stoddard JJ, Miller T. Impact of parental smoking on the prevalence of wheezing respiratory illness in children. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:96-102.
  • Babu KS, Arshad SH. The role of allergy in the development of air- way inflammation in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2003;4:40-6.
  • Karadağ B, Karakoç F, Ceran O, et al. Does passive smoke ex- posure trigger acute attack in children? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2003;31:318-23.
  • Ribeiro SA, Furuyama T, Schenkman S, Jardim JR. Atopy, pas- sive smoking, respiratory infections and asthma among children from kindergarten and elementary school. Sao Paulo Med J 2002;120:109-12.
  • Takizawa H, Tanaka M, Takami K, et al. Increased expression of inflammatory mediators in small-airway epithelium from tobacco smokers. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000;278:1906-13.
  • Gürkan F, Kıral A, Dağlı E, Karakoç F. The effects of passive smoking on the development of respiratory syncytial virus bronc- hiolitis. Eur J Epidemiol 2000;16:465-8.
  • Strachan DP, Cook DG. Health effects of passive smoking-5. Parental smoking and allergic sensitisation in children. Thorax 1998;53:117-23.
  • Gergen PJ. Enviromental tobacco smoke as a risk factor for res- piratory disease in children. Respir Physiol 2001;128:39-46.
  • Illi S, von Mutius E, Lau S, et al. Early childhood infectious dis- eases and development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study. BMJ 2001;322:390-5.
  • Shiva F, Nasiri M, Sadeghi B, Padyap M. Effects of passive smok- ing on common respiratory symptoms in young children. Acta Paediatr 2003;92:1394-7.
  • Koch A, Molbak K, Homoe P, et al. Risk factors for acute res- piratory tract infections in young Greenlandic children. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:374-84.
  • Strachan DP, Cook DG. Health effects of passive smoking-6. Parental smoking and childhood asthma: longitudinal case cont- rol studies. Thorax 1998;53:204-12.
  • Cunningham J, O'Connor TG, Dockery WD, Speizer EF. Environ- mental tobacco smoke, wheezing, and asthma in children in 24 communites. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:218-24.
  • Ehrlich RI, Du Toit D, Jordaan E, et al. Risk factors for childhood asthma and wheezing. Importance of maternal and household smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:681-8.
  • Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Shannon FT. Parental smoking and respiratory illness in infancy. Arch Dis Child 1980;55:358-61.
  • Willers S, Svenonius E, Skarping G. Passive smoking and child- hood asthma. Urinary cotinine levels in children with asthma and in referents. Allergy 1991;46:330-4.
  • Rona RJ, Chinn S. Lung function, respiratory illness, and passive smoking in British primary school children. Thorax 1993;48:21-5.
  • Charlton A. Children’s coughs related to parental smoking. BMJ 1984;288:1647-9.
  • Hellermann GR, Nagy SB, Kong X, et al. Mechanism of cigarette smoke condensate-induced acute inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Res 2002;3:22-30.
  • Lux AL, Henderson AJ, Pocock SJ. Wheeze associated with pre- natal tobacco smoke exposure: a prospective, longitudinal study. ALSPAC Study Team. Arch Dis Child 2000;83:307-12.
  • Gern JE. Mechanisms of virus-induced asthma. J Pediatr 2003;142:S10-4.
  • Martinez FD. Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Pediatr Infec Dis J 2003;22:S76-82.
  • Giovanni P. Contribution of neuroimmune mechanisms to airway inflammation and remodeling during and after respiratory syncy- tial virus infection. Pediatr Infec Dis J 2003;22:66-75.
  • Oymar K, Bjerknes R. Urinary eosinophil protein X in children with asthma: influence of atopy and airway infections. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2001;12:34-41.
  • Ingram JM, Rakes G, Hoover GE, et al. Eosinophil cationic protein in serum and nasal washes from wheezing infants and children. J Pediatr 1995;127:558-64.
  • Koller DY, Halmerbauer G, Frisher T, Roithner B. Assessment of eosinophil granule proteins body fluids: is there a relation to clinical variables in childhood asthma? Clin Exp Allergy 1999;29:786-93.
  • Berrak GS, Özek E, Cebeci D, et al. Increased cord-blood eosinophil count and prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke: a con- cern for development of atopy early in childhood. Marmara Medical J 2002;15:86-91.
  • Atici A, Altintas D, Yuksel B, et al. Do parental smoking and his- tory of allergy influence cord-serum IgE? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1995;6:213-5.
  • Murray CS, Woodcock A, Smillie FI, et al. Tobacco smoke ex- posure, wheeze and atopy. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004;37:492-8.
  • Nja F, Roksund OD, Carlsen KH. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in school children living in a mountainous area of Norway: a pop- ulation-based study of ECP as a tool for diagnosis asthma in children with reference values. Allergy 2001;56:138-44.
  • Lodrup Carlsen KH, Halvorsen R, Carlsen K-H. Serum inflam- matory markers and effects of age and tobacco smoke exposure in young non-asthmatic children. Acta Paediatr 1998;87:559-64.
  • Willers S, Axmon A, Feyerabend C, et al. Assesment of en- viromental tobbacco smoke exposure in children with asthmatic symptoms by questionnaire and cotinine concentrations in plas- ma, saliva, and urine. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:715-21.
  • Henderson FW, Reid HF, Morris R, et al. Home air nicotine levels and urinary cotinine excretion in preschool children. Am J Respir Dis 1989;140:197-201.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section When the Turkish word exists
Authors

Pembe Keskinoğlu This is me

Gazanfer Aksakoğlu This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 42 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Keskinoğlu, P., & Aksakoğlu, G. (2007). Pasif sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda solunum sistemi üzerindeki etkileri Çağrılı Editör. Türk Pediatri Arşivi, 42(4), 136-141.
AMA Keskinoğlu P, Aksakoğlu G. Pasif sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda solunum sistemi üzerindeki etkileri Çağrılı Editör. Türk Pediatri Arşivi. December 2007;42(4):136-141.
Chicago Keskinoğlu, Pembe, and Gazanfer Aksakoğlu. “Pasif Sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda Solunum Sistemi üzerindeki Etkileri Çağrılı Editör”. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 42, no. 4 (December 2007): 136-41.
EndNote Keskinoğlu P, Aksakoğlu G (December 1, 2007) Pasif sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda solunum sistemi üzerindeki etkileri Çağrılı Editör. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 42 4 136–141.
IEEE P. Keskinoğlu and G. Aksakoğlu, “Pasif sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda solunum sistemi üzerindeki etkileri Çağrılı Editör”, Türk Pediatri Arşivi, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 136–141, 2007.
ISNAD Keskinoğlu, Pembe - Aksakoğlu, Gazanfer. “Pasif Sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda Solunum Sistemi üzerindeki Etkileri Çağrılı Editör”. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 42/4 (December 2007), 136-141.
JAMA Keskinoğlu P, Aksakoğlu G. Pasif sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda solunum sistemi üzerindeki etkileri Çağrılı Editör. Türk Pediatri Arşivi. 2007;42:136–141.
MLA Keskinoğlu, Pembe and Gazanfer Aksakoğlu. “Pasif Sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda Solunum Sistemi üzerindeki Etkileri Çağrılı Editör”. Türk Pediatri Arşivi, vol. 42, no. 4, 2007, pp. 136-41.
Vancouver Keskinoğlu P, Aksakoğlu G. Pasif sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda solunum sistemi üzerindeki etkileri Çağrılı Editör. Türk Pediatri Arşivi. 2007;42(4):136-41.