EKMEKLİK BUĞDAYDA EMBRİYO KARARMASINA NEDEN OLAN FUNGUSLARIN TESPİTİ, VE HASTALIĞIN ÇİMLENME VE FİDE ÇIKIŞ GÜCÜ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) çeşitlerine (Flamura 85, Katia, Pehlivan ve Sana) ait taneler 2000 ve 2001 yıllarında Tekirdağ’da bulunan çiftçi tarlalarından toplanmış, sağlıklı ve embriyo kararması hastalığı belirtisi gösteren tanelerin embriyo, endosperm ve tane kabukları ayrılarak agar ortamına alınmış, gelişen funguslar tanımlanmıştır. Aynı çeşitler saksı denemelerinde kullanılarak hastalığın çimlenme ve fide çıkış gücü (sürgün uzunluğu, sürgün ve kök kuru ağırlığı) üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Her iki yılda da Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, embriyo kararması gösteren tanelerin özellikle endosperm ve tane kabuğu kısımlarından en yaygın tür olarak ancak düşük oranlarda izole edilmiştir. Sağlıklı görünen tanelerde ise hasta tanelerden izole edilen fungusların hiçbirisine rastlanmamıştır. Embriyo kararması belirtisi gösteren, 2000 yılına ait tanelerde çimlenmenin geciktiği, 2001 yılına ait tanelerde ise önemli derecede fide çıkış gücünün azaldığı belirlenmiştir. 2000 ve 2001 yıllarında tanelerin sırasıyla süt olum ve çiçeklenme dönemlerinde yüksek miktarda yağan yağmurlar olgunlaşmayı geciktirerek hastalığın ortaya çıkmasında muhtemelen etkili olmuştur.

Keywords

• Alternaria alternata, çeşit, Triticum aestivum

DETERMINATION OF THE FUNGI RESPONSIBLE FOR BLACK POINT IN BREAD WHEAT AND EFFECTS OF THE DISEASE ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING VIGOUR

Abstract

The kernels of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Flamura 85, Katia, Pehlivan and Sana from farmer fields of Tekirdağ province in 2000 and 2001 were analyzed to identify the fungi associated with the black point disease. Fungi in the embryos, endosperms and seed coats of the kernels (healthy and black pointed) separately, were determined by plating them on agar medium. The same cultivars were used to test the effect of black point on emergence at day five and ten, and seedling vigour (length of shoot, dry weight of roots and shoots) in pot experiments. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keisler was the dominant fungus in black pointed kernels for both years and isolated from the endosperm and seed coat especially, but present at low level. None of the fungi from black pointed kernels were isolated from healthy kernels. Black point delayed seedling emergence from the kernels of 2000. However the reduction in seedling vigour was significantly higher in the affected kernels of 2001. High rainfall during the anthesis and milk stages in 2000 and 2001, respectively contributed to delayed maturity of the crop and had probably an impact on black point infection.

Keywords

• Alternaria alternata, cultivar, Triticum aestivum

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