Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 45 - 74, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.29228/transLogos.54

Abstract

References

  • Angelone, Erik, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey. 2020. “Introduction.” In The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 1–13. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Bacigalupo, Margherita, Panagiotis Kampylis, Yves Punie, and Godelieve Van den Brande. 2016. EntreComp: The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC101581.
  • Beeby, Allison, Monica Alejandra Fernández, Amparo Hurtado Albir, and Olivia Fox. 2009. “Results of the Validation of the PACTE Translation Competence Model: Acceptability and Decision Making.” Across Languages and Cultures 10 (2): 207–230. doi:10.1556/Acr.10.2009.2.3.
  • Bengi-Öner, Işın. 1997. “Dönüm Noktaları.” [Turning points.] In Forum: Türkiye’de Çeviri Eğitimi; Nereden Nereye [Forum: Translator training in Turkey; From where to where?], edited by Turgay Kurultay and İlknur Birkandan, 7–8. Istanbul: Sel. Bond, Esther. 2018. “The Stunning Variety of Job Titles in the Language Industry.” Slator. June 1. https://slator.com/the-stunning-variety-of-job-titles-in-the-language-industry/.
  • Bulut, Alev. 2004. “Gazete ve Dergilerden Toplumsal Belleğe Çeviri ve Çevirmen.” [Translation and translator: From newspapers and journals to social memory.] Journal of Translation Studies, no. 14, 25–39. https://fs.hacettepe.edu.tr/ceviribilim/dosyalar/sayilar/2004.pdf.
  • Castilho, Sheila, Stephen Doherty, Federico Gaspari, and Joss Moorkens. 2018. “Approaches to Human and Machine Translation Quality Assessment.” In Translation Quality Assessment: From Principles to Practice, Machine Translation: Technologies and Applications I, edited by Joss Moorkens, Sheila Castilho, Federico Gaspari, and Stephen Doherty, 9–38. Cham: Springer. European Commission. 2018. “Proposal for a Council Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning.” Accessed March 20, 2020. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018H0604%2801%29.
  • Gambier, Yves. 2016. “Rapid and Radical Changes in Translation and Translation Studies.” International Journal of Communication 10:887–906. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3824/1570.
  • Göpferich, Susanne, and Riita Jaaskelainen. 2009. “Process Research into the Development of Translation Competence: Where Are We, and Where Do We Need to Go?” Across Languages and Cultures 10 (2): 169–191. doi:10.1556/Acr.10.2009.2.1.
  • Hickey, Sarah, and Belén Agulló García. 2021. “The 2021 Nimdzi 100: The Ranking of Top 100 Largest Language Service Providers.” Nimdzi, https://www.nimdzi.com/nimdzi-100-2021/.
  • Holmes, James S. (1972) 2000. “The Name and Nature of Translation Studies.” In The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, 172–185. London: Routledge.
  • Hu, Ke, and Patrick Cadwell. 2016. “A Comparative Study of Post-Editing Guidelines.” Baltic Journal of Modern Computing 4 (2): 346–353. https://aclanthology.org/W16-3420.
  • Ive, Julia, Aurélien Max, and François Yvon. 2018. “Reassessing the Proper Place of Man and Machine in Translation: A Pre-Translation Scenario.” Machine Translation 32 (4): 279–308. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44987875.
  • Joscelyne, Andrew. 2018. “Translators in the Algorithmic Age.” TAUS. https://info.taus.net/translators-in-the-algorithmic-age-full-version.
  • Katan, David. 2016. “Translation at the Cross-Roads: Time for the Transcreational Turn?” Perspectives 24 (3): 365–381. doi:10.1080/0907676X.2015.1016049.
  • Kelly, Dorothy. 2005. A Handbook for Translator Trainers: A Guide to Reflective Practice. Manchester: St Jerome.
  • Kelly, Dorothy, and Anne Martin. 2020. “Training and Education, Curriculum.” In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited by Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 591–596. New York: Routledge.
  • Kenny, Dorothy. 2012. “Electronic Tools and Resources for Translators.” In The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies, edited by Kirsten Malmkjær and Kevin Windle, 455–472. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kenny, Dorothy. 2020. “Technology and Translator Training.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology, edited by Minako O’Hagan. New York: Routledge. Kindle edition.
  • Kiraly, Don. 2014. “From Assumptions about Knowing and Learning to Praxis in Translator Education.” In “Challenges in Translation Pedagogy,” edited by Maria Piotrowska and Sergiy Tyupa. Special Issue, inTRAlinea. http://www.intralinea.org/specials/article/from_assumptions_about_knowing_and_learning_to_praxis.
  • Kiraly, Don. 2015. “Occasioning Translator Competence: Moving Beyond Social Constructivism toward a Postmodern Alternative to Instructionism.” Translation and Interpreting Studies 10 (1): 8–32. doi:10.1075/tis.10.1.02kir.
  • Lommel, Arle, Hans Uszkoreit, and Aljoscha Burchard. 2014. “Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM): A Framework for Declaring and Describing Translation Quality Metrics.” Revista Tradumàtica: Tecnologies de la Traducció, no. 12, 455–463. doi:10.5565/rev/tradumatica.77.
  • Massardo, Isabella, and Jaap van der Meer. 2017. “The Translation Industry in 2022.” De Rijp: TAUS BV.
  • Massey, Gary, and Don Kiraly. 2019. “The Future of Translator Education: A Dialogue.” Cultus: The Intercultural Journal of Mediation and Communication 12:15–34. https://www.cultusjournal.com/files/Archives/Cultus_2019_12_002_Kiraly_Massey.pdf.
  • Morón Martín, Marián. 2020. “Transcreation as a Way to Promote Employability in Translation Training: Adding Value to Translation Training.” Hermes - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 60:125–139. doi:10.7146/hjlcb.v60i0.121315.
  • Muegge, Uwe. 2007. “Controlled Language: The Next Big Thing in Translation?” ClientSide News Magazine 7 (7): 21–24. https://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article1359.php.
  • Neubert, Albrecht. 2000. “Competence in Language, in Languages, and in Translation.” In Developing Translation Competence, edited by Christina Schäffner and Beverly Adab, 3–18. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Nitzke, Jean, Silvia Hansen-Schirra, and Carmen Canfora. 2019. “Risk Management and Post-Editing Competence.” The Journal of Specialised Translation, no. 31, 239–259. https://www.jostrans.org/issue31/art_nitzke.pdf.
  • Nunes Vieira, Lucas. 2020. “Post-Editing of Machine Translation.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology, edited by Minako O’Hagan. Kindle edition.
  • O’Brien, Sharon. 2010. “Controlled Language and Readability.” In Translation and Cognition, edited by Gregory Shreve and Erik Angelone, 143–165. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • O’Brien, Sharon. 2022. “Augmented Translation: New Trend, Future Trend, or Just Trendy?” Paper presented at the New Trends in Translation and Technology Conference, Rhodes Island, July 4–6.
  • OECD. 2016. “E2030 Conceptual Framework: Key Competencies for 2030.” Accessed April 20, 2020. http://www.oecd.org/education/2030/E2030-CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK-KEY-COMPETENCIES-FOR-2030.pdf.
  • Öner Bulut, Senem. 2019. “Integrating Machine Translation into Translator Training: Towards ‘Human Translator Competence’?” transLogos Translation Studies Journal 2 (2): 1–26. doi:10.29228/transLogos.11.
  • Öner, Işın. 2018. “Toward a Paradigm Shift in Translator Training: The Role of Machine Translation.” Paper presented at the Human Translation vs. Machine Translation: Competition or Collaboration? Conference, Istanbul, November 26.
  • Öner, Işın. 2020. “Sosyal Bilimlerin Sınırlarını Yeniden Düşünmek.” [Rethinking the boundaries of social sciences.] Paper presented at the 7th International Yıldız Social Sciences Congress, Istanbul, December 17–18.
  • Öztürk Baydere, Hilal. 2022. “Makine Çevirisi ve Dijitalleşme Bağlamında Çevirmenlik Mesleğinin Dönüşümü.” [Transformation of the translation profession within the context of machine translation and digitalization.] PhD diss., Istanbul University.
  • Popović, Maja. 2020. “Informative Manual Evaluation of Machine Translation Output.” In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 5059–5069. Barcelona: International Committee on Computational Linguistics. https://aclanthology.org/2020.coling-main.0.pdf.
  • Pym, Anthony. 2003. “Redefining Translation Competence in an Electronic Age: In Defence of a Minimalist Approach.” Meta 48 (4): 481–497. doi:10.7202/008533ar.
  • Pym, Anthony. 2012. “Training Translators.” In The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies, edited by Kirsten Malmkjær and Kevin Windle, 475–489. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Raído, Vanessa Enríquez. 2016. “Translators as Adaptive Experts in a Flat World: From Globalization 1.0 to Globalization 4.0?” International Journal of Communication 10:970–988. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3504.
  • Robert, Isabelle S., Aline Remael, and Jim J. J. Ureel. 2017. “Towards a Model of Translation Revision Competence.” The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 11 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/1750399X.2016.1198183.
  • Schäffner, Christina. 2000. “Running Before Walking? Designing a Translation Programme at Undergraduate Level.” In Developing Translation Competence, edited by Christina Schäffner and Beverly Adab, 143–156. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Schäffner, Christina. 2020. “Translators’ Roles and Responsibilities.” In The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 63–89. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Shreve, Gregory M. 2020. “Professional Translator Development from an Expertise Perspective.” In The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 153–177. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Steinbuch, Maarten. 2016. “Towards the 4th Generation University.” Steinbuch. July 23. https://maartensteinbuch.com/2016/07/23/towards-the-4th-generation-university/.
  • T. C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı. 2018. On Birinci Kalkınma Planı (2019–2023): İşgücü Piyasası ve Genç İstihdamı Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu [Eleventh development plan (2019–2023): Specialization commission report on labor market and youth employment]. Ankara. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/IsgucuPiyasasi_ve_GencIstihdamiOzelIhtisasKomisyonuRaporu.pdf.
  • T. C. Mesleki Yeterlilik Kurumu. 2020. “Ulusal Meslek Standardı Çevirmen Seviye 6.” [National occupational standard: Translator/interpreter—Level 6.] https://portal.myk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_meslek_std_taslak&view=taslak_listesi_yeni&msd=2.
  • Torrejón, Enrique, and Celia Rico. 2002. “Controlled Translation: A New Teaching Scenario Tailor-Made for the Translation Industry.” In Proceedings of the 6th EAMT Workshop: Teaching Machine Translation, 107–116. Manchester: European Association for Machine Translation. https://aclanthology.org/2002.eamt-1.12.
  • van der Meer, Jaap. 2020. “Translation Technology – Past, Present and Future.” In Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 285–309. London: Bloomsbury.
  • van der Meer, Jaap, and Andrew Joscelyne. 2017. Nunc est Tempus: Redesign Your Translation Business, Now! De Rijp: TAUS BV. https://www.taus.net/resources/reports/nunc-est-tempus-redesign-your-translation-business-now.
  • Way, Catherine. 2014. “Structuring a Legal Translation Course: A Framework for Decision-making in Legal Translator Training.” In Ashgate Handbook of Legal Translation, edited by Le Cheng, K. Kui Sen, and Anne Wagner, 135–154. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Way, Catherine. 2016. “The Challenges and Opportunities of Legal Translation and Translator Training in the 21st Century.” International Journal of Communication 10:1009–1029. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3580.
  • Way, Catherine. 2020. “Training and Pedagogical Implication.” In The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 179–207. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Yazıcı, Mine. 2007. Yazılı Çeviri Edinci [Translation competence]. Istanbul: Multilingual.
  • Zaretskaya, Anna. 2015. “The Use of Machine Translation Among Professional Translators.” Paper presented at the EXPERT Scientific and Technological Workshop, Malaga, June 26–27.

Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 45 - 74, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.29228/transLogos.54

Abstract

This study readdresses translator competence in light of the transformation in the translation profession, with a particular focus on Türkiye’s “National Occupational Standard: Translator/Interpreter—Level 6” (“NOST/IL6”). Motivated by the need to readdress translator competence given the technology-induced transformation in the translation profession, the study argues that embracing ‘entrepreneurship competence’—which is versatile, unstable, and based on ‘adaptive expertise’ and ‘lifelong learning’—in translator competence is crucial for translators to provide value-added products and services. The study suggests that incorporating entrepreneurship competence into translator education may bridge the alleged ‘skill gap’ between industry demands and translator education and contribute to a demand-oriented, functional, and added value-focused education prioritizing innovation, value creation, and entrepreneurship. In this regard, the study also analyzes the “NOST/IL6”—reported to display, as a standard, the required translation-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes and reflect the current needs and future trends in the translation market on the education system in Türkiye—with a focus on entrepreneurship competence. The analysis results indicate that the document underrepresents entrepreneurship competence and may not suffice to address what is brought by automation and digitalization, not attributing a proactive stance to translators. Hence, the study concludes that a reconsideration of the standard document, with an emphasis on entrepreneurship competence and considering the evolving roles and areas, could instigate a pivotal mindset shift. “In a new turning point where new questions come to the fore” (Bengi-Öner 1997, 8), such a transformation could help view technology-induced uncertainties as opportunities rather than threats, potentially restoring ‘human’ at the core of translation—a field increasingly perceived as ‘dehumanized’ due to growing technological domination—and significantly contribute to building a strong professional self-concept among translators for them to enjoy the opportunities that are likely to arise in the unpredictable and unclear future.

References

  • Angelone, Erik, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey. 2020. “Introduction.” In The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 1–13. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Bacigalupo, Margherita, Panagiotis Kampylis, Yves Punie, and Godelieve Van den Brande. 2016. EntreComp: The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC101581.
  • Beeby, Allison, Monica Alejandra Fernández, Amparo Hurtado Albir, and Olivia Fox. 2009. “Results of the Validation of the PACTE Translation Competence Model: Acceptability and Decision Making.” Across Languages and Cultures 10 (2): 207–230. doi:10.1556/Acr.10.2009.2.3.
  • Bengi-Öner, Işın. 1997. “Dönüm Noktaları.” [Turning points.] In Forum: Türkiye’de Çeviri Eğitimi; Nereden Nereye [Forum: Translator training in Turkey; From where to where?], edited by Turgay Kurultay and İlknur Birkandan, 7–8. Istanbul: Sel. Bond, Esther. 2018. “The Stunning Variety of Job Titles in the Language Industry.” Slator. June 1. https://slator.com/the-stunning-variety-of-job-titles-in-the-language-industry/.
  • Bulut, Alev. 2004. “Gazete ve Dergilerden Toplumsal Belleğe Çeviri ve Çevirmen.” [Translation and translator: From newspapers and journals to social memory.] Journal of Translation Studies, no. 14, 25–39. https://fs.hacettepe.edu.tr/ceviribilim/dosyalar/sayilar/2004.pdf.
  • Castilho, Sheila, Stephen Doherty, Federico Gaspari, and Joss Moorkens. 2018. “Approaches to Human and Machine Translation Quality Assessment.” In Translation Quality Assessment: From Principles to Practice, Machine Translation: Technologies and Applications I, edited by Joss Moorkens, Sheila Castilho, Federico Gaspari, and Stephen Doherty, 9–38. Cham: Springer. European Commission. 2018. “Proposal for a Council Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning.” Accessed March 20, 2020. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018H0604%2801%29.
  • Gambier, Yves. 2016. “Rapid and Radical Changes in Translation and Translation Studies.” International Journal of Communication 10:887–906. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3824/1570.
  • Göpferich, Susanne, and Riita Jaaskelainen. 2009. “Process Research into the Development of Translation Competence: Where Are We, and Where Do We Need to Go?” Across Languages and Cultures 10 (2): 169–191. doi:10.1556/Acr.10.2009.2.1.
  • Hickey, Sarah, and Belén Agulló García. 2021. “The 2021 Nimdzi 100: The Ranking of Top 100 Largest Language Service Providers.” Nimdzi, https://www.nimdzi.com/nimdzi-100-2021/.
  • Holmes, James S. (1972) 2000. “The Name and Nature of Translation Studies.” In The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, 172–185. London: Routledge.
  • Hu, Ke, and Patrick Cadwell. 2016. “A Comparative Study of Post-Editing Guidelines.” Baltic Journal of Modern Computing 4 (2): 346–353. https://aclanthology.org/W16-3420.
  • Ive, Julia, Aurélien Max, and François Yvon. 2018. “Reassessing the Proper Place of Man and Machine in Translation: A Pre-Translation Scenario.” Machine Translation 32 (4): 279–308. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44987875.
  • Joscelyne, Andrew. 2018. “Translators in the Algorithmic Age.” TAUS. https://info.taus.net/translators-in-the-algorithmic-age-full-version.
  • Katan, David. 2016. “Translation at the Cross-Roads: Time for the Transcreational Turn?” Perspectives 24 (3): 365–381. doi:10.1080/0907676X.2015.1016049.
  • Kelly, Dorothy. 2005. A Handbook for Translator Trainers: A Guide to Reflective Practice. Manchester: St Jerome.
  • Kelly, Dorothy, and Anne Martin. 2020. “Training and Education, Curriculum.” In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited by Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 591–596. New York: Routledge.
  • Kenny, Dorothy. 2012. “Electronic Tools and Resources for Translators.” In The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies, edited by Kirsten Malmkjær and Kevin Windle, 455–472. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kenny, Dorothy. 2020. “Technology and Translator Training.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology, edited by Minako O’Hagan. New York: Routledge. Kindle edition.
  • Kiraly, Don. 2014. “From Assumptions about Knowing and Learning to Praxis in Translator Education.” In “Challenges in Translation Pedagogy,” edited by Maria Piotrowska and Sergiy Tyupa. Special Issue, inTRAlinea. http://www.intralinea.org/specials/article/from_assumptions_about_knowing_and_learning_to_praxis.
  • Kiraly, Don. 2015. “Occasioning Translator Competence: Moving Beyond Social Constructivism toward a Postmodern Alternative to Instructionism.” Translation and Interpreting Studies 10 (1): 8–32. doi:10.1075/tis.10.1.02kir.
  • Lommel, Arle, Hans Uszkoreit, and Aljoscha Burchard. 2014. “Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM): A Framework for Declaring and Describing Translation Quality Metrics.” Revista Tradumàtica: Tecnologies de la Traducció, no. 12, 455–463. doi:10.5565/rev/tradumatica.77.
  • Massardo, Isabella, and Jaap van der Meer. 2017. “The Translation Industry in 2022.” De Rijp: TAUS BV.
  • Massey, Gary, and Don Kiraly. 2019. “The Future of Translator Education: A Dialogue.” Cultus: The Intercultural Journal of Mediation and Communication 12:15–34. https://www.cultusjournal.com/files/Archives/Cultus_2019_12_002_Kiraly_Massey.pdf.
  • Morón Martín, Marián. 2020. “Transcreation as a Way to Promote Employability in Translation Training: Adding Value to Translation Training.” Hermes - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 60:125–139. doi:10.7146/hjlcb.v60i0.121315.
  • Muegge, Uwe. 2007. “Controlled Language: The Next Big Thing in Translation?” ClientSide News Magazine 7 (7): 21–24. https://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article1359.php.
  • Neubert, Albrecht. 2000. “Competence in Language, in Languages, and in Translation.” In Developing Translation Competence, edited by Christina Schäffner and Beverly Adab, 3–18. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Nitzke, Jean, Silvia Hansen-Schirra, and Carmen Canfora. 2019. “Risk Management and Post-Editing Competence.” The Journal of Specialised Translation, no. 31, 239–259. https://www.jostrans.org/issue31/art_nitzke.pdf.
  • Nunes Vieira, Lucas. 2020. “Post-Editing of Machine Translation.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology, edited by Minako O’Hagan. Kindle edition.
  • O’Brien, Sharon. 2010. “Controlled Language and Readability.” In Translation and Cognition, edited by Gregory Shreve and Erik Angelone, 143–165. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • O’Brien, Sharon. 2022. “Augmented Translation: New Trend, Future Trend, or Just Trendy?” Paper presented at the New Trends in Translation and Technology Conference, Rhodes Island, July 4–6.
  • OECD. 2016. “E2030 Conceptual Framework: Key Competencies for 2030.” Accessed April 20, 2020. http://www.oecd.org/education/2030/E2030-CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK-KEY-COMPETENCIES-FOR-2030.pdf.
  • Öner Bulut, Senem. 2019. “Integrating Machine Translation into Translator Training: Towards ‘Human Translator Competence’?” transLogos Translation Studies Journal 2 (2): 1–26. doi:10.29228/transLogos.11.
  • Öner, Işın. 2018. “Toward a Paradigm Shift in Translator Training: The Role of Machine Translation.” Paper presented at the Human Translation vs. Machine Translation: Competition or Collaboration? Conference, Istanbul, November 26.
  • Öner, Işın. 2020. “Sosyal Bilimlerin Sınırlarını Yeniden Düşünmek.” [Rethinking the boundaries of social sciences.] Paper presented at the 7th International Yıldız Social Sciences Congress, Istanbul, December 17–18.
  • Öztürk Baydere, Hilal. 2022. “Makine Çevirisi ve Dijitalleşme Bağlamında Çevirmenlik Mesleğinin Dönüşümü.” [Transformation of the translation profession within the context of machine translation and digitalization.] PhD diss., Istanbul University.
  • Popović, Maja. 2020. “Informative Manual Evaluation of Machine Translation Output.” In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 5059–5069. Barcelona: International Committee on Computational Linguistics. https://aclanthology.org/2020.coling-main.0.pdf.
  • Pym, Anthony. 2003. “Redefining Translation Competence in an Electronic Age: In Defence of a Minimalist Approach.” Meta 48 (4): 481–497. doi:10.7202/008533ar.
  • Pym, Anthony. 2012. “Training Translators.” In The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies, edited by Kirsten Malmkjær and Kevin Windle, 475–489. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Raído, Vanessa Enríquez. 2016. “Translators as Adaptive Experts in a Flat World: From Globalization 1.0 to Globalization 4.0?” International Journal of Communication 10:970–988. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3504.
  • Robert, Isabelle S., Aline Remael, and Jim J. J. Ureel. 2017. “Towards a Model of Translation Revision Competence.” The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 11 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/1750399X.2016.1198183.
  • Schäffner, Christina. 2000. “Running Before Walking? Designing a Translation Programme at Undergraduate Level.” In Developing Translation Competence, edited by Christina Schäffner and Beverly Adab, 143–156. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Schäffner, Christina. 2020. “Translators’ Roles and Responsibilities.” In The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 63–89. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Shreve, Gregory M. 2020. “Professional Translator Development from an Expertise Perspective.” In The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 153–177. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Steinbuch, Maarten. 2016. “Towards the 4th Generation University.” Steinbuch. July 23. https://maartensteinbuch.com/2016/07/23/towards-the-4th-generation-university/.
  • T. C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı. 2018. On Birinci Kalkınma Planı (2019–2023): İşgücü Piyasası ve Genç İstihdamı Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu [Eleventh development plan (2019–2023): Specialization commission report on labor market and youth employment]. Ankara. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/IsgucuPiyasasi_ve_GencIstihdamiOzelIhtisasKomisyonuRaporu.pdf.
  • T. C. Mesleki Yeterlilik Kurumu. 2020. “Ulusal Meslek Standardı Çevirmen Seviye 6.” [National occupational standard: Translator/interpreter—Level 6.] https://portal.myk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_meslek_std_taslak&view=taslak_listesi_yeni&msd=2.
  • Torrejón, Enrique, and Celia Rico. 2002. “Controlled Translation: A New Teaching Scenario Tailor-Made for the Translation Industry.” In Proceedings of the 6th EAMT Workshop: Teaching Machine Translation, 107–116. Manchester: European Association for Machine Translation. https://aclanthology.org/2002.eamt-1.12.
  • van der Meer, Jaap. 2020. “Translation Technology – Past, Present and Future.” In Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 285–309. London: Bloomsbury.
  • van der Meer, Jaap, and Andrew Joscelyne. 2017. Nunc est Tempus: Redesign Your Translation Business, Now! De Rijp: TAUS BV. https://www.taus.net/resources/reports/nunc-est-tempus-redesign-your-translation-business-now.
  • Way, Catherine. 2014. “Structuring a Legal Translation Course: A Framework for Decision-making in Legal Translator Training.” In Ashgate Handbook of Legal Translation, edited by Le Cheng, K. Kui Sen, and Anne Wagner, 135–154. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Way, Catherine. 2016. “The Challenges and Opportunities of Legal Translation and Translator Training in the 21st Century.” International Journal of Communication 10:1009–1029. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3580.
  • Way, Catherine. 2020. “Training and Pedagogical Implication.” In The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies, edited by Erik Angelone, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and Gary Massey, 179–207. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Yazıcı, Mine. 2007. Yazılı Çeviri Edinci [Translation competence]. Istanbul: Multilingual.
  • Zaretskaya, Anna. 2015. “The Use of Machine Translation Among Professional Translators.” Paper presented at the EXPERT Scientific and Technological Workshop, Malaga, June 26–27.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Translation and Interpretation Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hilal Öztürk Baydere This is me 0000-0003-1167-8733

Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Öztürk Baydere, H. (2023). Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era. TransLogos Translation Studies Journal, 6(1), 45-74. https://doi.org/10.29228/transLogos.54
AMA Öztürk Baydere H. Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era. transLogos Translation Studies Journal. June 2023;6(1):45-74. doi:10.29228/transLogos.54
Chicago Öztürk Baydere, Hilal. “Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era”. TransLogos Translation Studies Journal 6, no. 1 (June 2023): 45-74. https://doi.org/10.29228/transLogos.54.
EndNote Öztürk Baydere H (June 1, 2023) Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era. transLogos Translation Studies Journal 6 1 45–74.
IEEE H. Öztürk Baydere, “Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era”, transLogos Translation Studies Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 45–74, 2023, doi: 10.29228/transLogos.54.
ISNAD Öztürk Baydere, Hilal. “Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era”. transLogos Translation Studies Journal 6/1 (June 2023), 45-74. https://doi.org/10.29228/transLogos.54.
JAMA Öztürk Baydere H. Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era. transLogos Translation Studies Journal. 2023;6:45–74.
MLA Öztürk Baydere, Hilal. “Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era”. TransLogos Translation Studies Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, pp. 45-74, doi:10.29228/transLogos.54.
Vancouver Öztürk Baydere H. Rethinking Translator Competence in the Machine Translation Era. transLogos Translation Studies Journal. 2023;6(1):45-74.