Auditory brain stem responses in the detection of brain death
Year 2003,
Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 10.04.2003
Osman Nuri Özgirgin
Tuncay Özçelik
Nilay Kızılkaya Sevimli
Abstract
Objectives: We evaluated comatose patients by audi tory brain stem responses ABR to determine the role of ABR in the diagnosis of impending brain death.Patients and Methods: Sixty comatose patients in the intensive çare unit were evaluated by brain stem evoked response audiometry. Correlations were sought between the absence or presence of ABRs and the presenting pathology, the Glasgow Coma Scale GCS scores, and ultimate diagnoses.Results: The brain stem responses were totally absent in 41 patients. Presence of wave I could be obtained in only 10 patients. Ali the waveforms were found in nine patients; however, in eight patients the potentials disappeared as the GCS scores decreased to 3. Detection of wave I alone strongly suggested dysfunction of the brain stem. However, loss of wave I particularly in trauma patients aroused doubt as to whether the absence was associated with auditory end organ injury or brain stem dysfunction.Conclusion: The results suggest that evaluation of ABR may support brain death in a comatose patient i when wave I is present alone, ii the absence of wave I is accompanied by a documented auditory end organ injury, or İH when previously recorded potentials are no longer detectable.
References
- Hall JW 3rd, Mackey-Hargadine JR, Kim EE. Auditory brain-stem response in determination of brain death. Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:613-20.
- Kaga K, Uebo K, Sakata H, Suzuki J. Auditory and vestibular pathology in brainstem death revealed by auditory brainstem response. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1993;503:99-103.
- Dear PR, Godfrey DJ. Neonatal auditory brainstem response cannot reliably diagnose brainstem death. A rch Dis Child 1985;60:17-9.
- Hall JW, Mackey-Hargadine J, Allen SJ. Monitoring neurologic status of comatose patients in the intensive care unit. In: Jacobson JT, editor The auditory brain- stem response. California: College-Hill Press; 1985. p. 254-83.
- Seales DM, Rossiter VS, Weinstein ME. Brainstem auditory evoked responses in patients comatose as a result of blunt head trauma. J Trauma 1979;19: 3 4 7 - 5 3.
- G a rc i a - L a r rea L, Artru F, Bertrand O, Pernier J, Mauguiere F. The combined monitoring of brain stem auditory evoked potentials and intracranial pressure in coma. A study of 57 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:792-8.
- Mjoen S, Nordby HK, Torvik A. Auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABR) in coma due to severe head trauma. Acta Otolaryngol 1983;95:131-8.
- Kaga K, Takamori A, Mizutani T, Nagai T, Marsh RR. The auditory pathology of brain death as revealed by auditory evoked potentials. Ann Neuro l 1 9 8 5 ; 1 8 : 3 6 0 - 4.
- Soustiel JF, Hafner H, Guilburd JN, Zaaroor M, Levi L, Feinsod M. A physiological coma scale: grading of coma by combined use of brain-stem trigeminal and auditory evoked potentials and the Glasgow Coma Scale. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993;87: 277-83.
- Guerit JM. Evoked potentials: a safe brain-death con- firmatory tool? Eur J Med 1992;1:233-43.
- Serafini G, Palmieri AM, Acra W, Scuteri F, Simoncelli C. The use and the potential of auditory electro p h y s i o l o g y in patients in posttraumatic coma. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 1993;44:291-6. [Abstract]
- Facco E, Martini A, Zuccarello M, Agnoletto M, G i ron GP. Is the auditory brain-stem re s p o n s e (ABR) effective in the assessment of post-traumatic coma? Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1985; 6 2 : 3 3 2 - 7 .
- Desbordes JM, Kremer C, Mesz M, Deglaire B, Maissin F, Bataille B, et al. Potentiels évoqués auditifs du tronc cérébral dans la mort cérébrale. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1988;7:13-6.
- B a relli A, Della Corte F, Calimici R, Sandroni C, Proietti R, Magalini SI. Do brainstem auditory evoked potentials detect the actual cessation of cerebral func- tions in brain dead patients? Crit Care Med 1990;18: 322-3.
- Biniek R, Ferbert A, Buchner H, Bruckmann H. Loss of brainstem acoustic evoked potentials with sponta- neous breathing in a patient with supratentorial lesion. Eur Neurol 1990;30:38-41.
- Facco E, Casartelli Liviero M, Munari M, To ffoletto F, Baratto F, Giron GP. Short latency evoked potentials: new criteria for brain death? J Neurol Neuro s u rg Psychiatry 1 9 9 0 ; 5 3 : 3 5 1 - 3 .
- Facco E, Munari M, Gallo F, Volpin SM, Behr AU, Baratto F, et al. Role of short latency evoked potentials in the diagnosis of brain death. Clin Neurophysiol 2002;113:1855-66.
Beyin ölümü tanısında işitsel beyin sapı yanıtları
Year 2003,
Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 10.04.2003
Osman Nuri Özgirgin
Tuncay Özçelik
Nilay Kızılkaya Sevimli
Abstract
Amaç: Komadaki hastalarda beyin ölümü tanısınıdesteklemede iflitsel beyin sapı yanıtlarının ABR değeri arafltırıldı.Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Komadaki 60 hastanın yoğun bakım ortamında iflitsel uyarılmıfl beyin sapı yanıtları kaydedildi. Beyin sapı yanıtlarının varlığı yada yokluğu ile var olan patoloji, Glasgow Koma Skalası GCS skorları ve nihai tanılar arasında iliflkiarafltırıldı.Bulgular: Kırk bir hastada beyin sapı yanıtları alınamadı. Birinci dalga yalnızca 10 hastada kaydedilebildi. Dokuz hastada tüm dalgalar vardı; bunların sekizinde GCS skoru 3’e düfltüğünde yanıtlar alınamadı.Yalnızca birinci dalganın varlığı kuvvetle beyin sapıdisfonksiyonuna iflaret etmekteydi. Ancak, özellikletravma geçirmifl olgularda birinci dalganın kaybı kokleanın veya sekizinci sinirin travmadan etkilenmesine bağlı olabileceğinden, beyin ölümü kararını destekleyici bulunmadı.Sonu ç : Çalıflmamız, i birinci dalganın tek baflına bulunması durumunda, i i iflitme organı hasarının saptandığı olgularda birinci dalganın alınamaması durumunda; ya da i i i daha önce kaydedilebilmifl dalgalarınizlem süresi içinde kaybolması durumunda ABR’ninbeyin ölümü tanısını destekleyebileceğini gösterdi
References
- Hall JW 3rd, Mackey-Hargadine JR, Kim EE. Auditory brain-stem response in determination of brain death. Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:613-20.
- Kaga K, Uebo K, Sakata H, Suzuki J. Auditory and vestibular pathology in brainstem death revealed by auditory brainstem response. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1993;503:99-103.
- Dear PR, Godfrey DJ. Neonatal auditory brainstem response cannot reliably diagnose brainstem death. A rch Dis Child 1985;60:17-9.
- Hall JW, Mackey-Hargadine J, Allen SJ. Monitoring neurologic status of comatose patients in the intensive care unit. In: Jacobson JT, editor The auditory brain- stem response. California: College-Hill Press; 1985. p. 254-83.
- Seales DM, Rossiter VS, Weinstein ME. Brainstem auditory evoked responses in patients comatose as a result of blunt head trauma. J Trauma 1979;19: 3 4 7 - 5 3.
- G a rc i a - L a r rea L, Artru F, Bertrand O, Pernier J, Mauguiere F. The combined monitoring of brain stem auditory evoked potentials and intracranial pressure in coma. A study of 57 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:792-8.
- Mjoen S, Nordby HK, Torvik A. Auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABR) in coma due to severe head trauma. Acta Otolaryngol 1983;95:131-8.
- Kaga K, Takamori A, Mizutani T, Nagai T, Marsh RR. The auditory pathology of brain death as revealed by auditory evoked potentials. Ann Neuro l 1 9 8 5 ; 1 8 : 3 6 0 - 4.
- Soustiel JF, Hafner H, Guilburd JN, Zaaroor M, Levi L, Feinsod M. A physiological coma scale: grading of coma by combined use of brain-stem trigeminal and auditory evoked potentials and the Glasgow Coma Scale. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993;87: 277-83.
- Guerit JM. Evoked potentials: a safe brain-death con- firmatory tool? Eur J Med 1992;1:233-43.
- Serafini G, Palmieri AM, Acra W, Scuteri F, Simoncelli C. The use and the potential of auditory electro p h y s i o l o g y in patients in posttraumatic coma. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 1993;44:291-6. [Abstract]
- Facco E, Martini A, Zuccarello M, Agnoletto M, G i ron GP. Is the auditory brain-stem re s p o n s e (ABR) effective in the assessment of post-traumatic coma? Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1985; 6 2 : 3 3 2 - 7 .
- Desbordes JM, Kremer C, Mesz M, Deglaire B, Maissin F, Bataille B, et al. Potentiels évoqués auditifs du tronc cérébral dans la mort cérébrale. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1988;7:13-6.
- B a relli A, Della Corte F, Calimici R, Sandroni C, Proietti R, Magalini SI. Do brainstem auditory evoked potentials detect the actual cessation of cerebral func- tions in brain dead patients? Crit Care Med 1990;18: 322-3.
- Biniek R, Ferbert A, Buchner H, Bruckmann H. Loss of brainstem acoustic evoked potentials with sponta- neous breathing in a patient with supratentorial lesion. Eur Neurol 1990;30:38-41.
- Facco E, Casartelli Liviero M, Munari M, To ffoletto F, Baratto F, Giron GP. Short latency evoked potentials: new criteria for brain death? J Neurol Neuro s u rg Psychiatry 1 9 9 0 ; 5 3 : 3 5 1 - 3 .
- Facco E, Munari M, Gallo F, Volpin SM, Behr AU, Baratto F, et al. Role of short latency evoked potentials in the diagnosis of brain death. Clin Neurophysiol 2002;113:1855-66.