Nitric oxide and the upper airways: recent discoveries

Year 2003, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 39 - 44, 10.04.2003

Çetin Vural Anıl Güngör

Abstract

Nitric oxide NO is produced from Larginine in mammalian tissues. Nitric oxide synthase NOS catalyzes this reaction in human tissues. İt has been shown that NO serves as an important signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system and is responsible for vasoregulation. İn 1991, NO was discovered in exhaled air. More recently, it has been shown that the main production site of exhaled NO is the nose and sinuses. İn the upper airvvays NO upregulates ciliary motility and provides a first-line defense mechanism against microorganisms by antiviral and antimicrobial activity. İn the lungs it is involved in ventilation/perfusion matching. Nitric oxide is also a marker for inflammation, with increased nasal output in allergic rhinitis, and a decreased output in sinusitis, nasal polyps and Kartagener’s syndrome. This report reviews some aspects of the origin, metabolism, and functions of NO in the upper airvvays, together with the techniques for, and implications of, nasal NO measurement.

Keywords

Airvvay resistance/physiology, breath tests/methods, cilia/physiology, mucociliary clearance/physiology, nasal cavity/metabolism, nasal mucosa/metabolism/pathology, nitric oxide/physiology/metabolism/analysis, paranasal sinuses/metabolism, respiratory mucosa/enzymology

Nitrik oksit ve üst solunum yolları: Yeni bulgular

Abstract

Nitrik oksit NO memeli dokularında L-argininden üretilir. İnsan dokularında nitrik oksit sentetaz NOS bu reaksiyonu katalize eder. Kardiyovasküler sis- temde önemli bir sinyal molekülü olan NO damar to- nusundan sorumludur. Ekspiriyum havası içindeki varlığı 1991 yılında keflfedildikten sonra, NO’nun asıl üretim yerinin burun ve sinüsler olduğu gösteril- di. Nitrik oksit, üst solunum yollarında siliyer hareket- leri hızlandırır, antiviral ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ile mikroorganizmalara karflı birincil savunmayı olufltu- rur. Akciğerlerde ventilasyon/perfüzyon verimliliğini d ü z e n l e r. Aynı zamanda bir alerji belirteci olan NO’nun burunda üretimi alerjik nezle sırasında artar, sinüzit, burun polibi ve Kartagener sendromunda azalır. Bu çalıflmada üst solunum yollarında NO’nun köken, metabolizma ve fonksiyonları gözden ge- çirildi ve burunda ölçüm teknikleri ve sonuçları değerlendirildi

Keywords

Hava yolu direnci/fizyoloji, solunum testleri/yöntem, silia/fizyoloji, mukosiliyer klirens/fizyoloji, nazalkavite/metabolizma, nazal mukoza/metabolizma/patoloji, nitrik oksit/fizyoloji/metabolizma/analiz, paranazal sinüsler/metabolizma, solunum mukozası/enzimoloji

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