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Nitric oxide and the upper airways: recent discoveries

Year 2003, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 39 - 44, 10.04.2003

Abstract

Nitric oxide NO is produced from Larginine in mammalian tissues. Nitric oxide synthase NOS catalyzes this reaction in human tissues. İt has been shown that NO serves as an important signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system and is responsible for vasoregulation. İn 1991, NO was discovered in exhaled air. More recently, it has been shown that the main production site of exhaled NO is the nose and sinuses. İn the upper airvvays NO upregulates ciliary motility and provides a first-line defense mechanism against microorganisms by antiviral and antimicrobial activity. İn the lungs it is involved in ventilation/perfusion matching. Nitric oxide is also a marker for inflammation, with increased nasal output in allergic rhinitis, and a decreased output in sinusitis, nasal polyps and Kartagener’s syndrome. This report reviews some aspects of the origin, metabolism, and functions of NO in the upper airvvays, together with the techniques for, and implications of, nasal NO measurement.

References

  • Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 1980;288:373-6.
  • Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothe- lium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 1987;327:524-6.
  • Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, Byrns RE, Chaudhuri G. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:9265-9.
  • Djupesland PG, Chatkin JM, Qian W, Haight JS. Nitric oxide in the nasal airway: a new dimension in otorhi- nolaryngology. Am J Otolaryngol 2001;22:19-32.
  • L u n d b e rg JO. Airborne nitric oxide: inflammatory marker and aerocrine messenger in man. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1996;633:1-27.
  • Barnes PJ, Belvisi MG. Nitric oxide and lung disease. Thorax 1993;48:1034-43.
  • L u n d b e rg JO, Setterg ren G, Gelinder S, Lundberg JM, Alving K, We i t z b e rg E. Inhalation of nasally derived nitric oxide modulates pulmonary function in humans. Acta Physiol Scand 1996;158:343-7.
  • Djupesland PG, Chatkin JM, Qian W, Cole P, Zamel N, McClean P, et al. Aerodynamic influences on nasal nitric oxide output measurements. Acta Otolaryngol 1999;119:479-85.
  • Arnal JF, Flores P, Rami J, Murris-Espin M, Bremont F, Pasto I, et al. Nasal nitric oxide concentration in paranasal sinus inflammatory diseases. Eur Respir J 1999; 1 3 : 3 0 7 - 1 2 .
  • Sanders SP, Siekierski ES, Richards SM, Porter JD, Imani F, Proud D. Rhinovirus infection induces expres- sion of type 2 nitric oxide synthase in human respira- tory epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:235-43.
  • Jain B, Rubinstein I, Robbins RA, Leise KL, Sisson JH. Modulation of airway epithelial cell ciliary beat fre q u e n- cy by nitric oxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1 9 9 3 ; 1 9 1 : 8 3 - 8 .
  • Kim JW, Min YG, Rhee CS, Lee CH, Koh YY, Rhyoo C, et al. Regulation of mucociliary motility by nitric oxide and expression of nitric oxide synthase in the human sinus epithelial cells. Laryngoscope 2001;111:246-50.
  • Gustafsson LE, Leone AM, Persson MG, Wiklund NP, Moncada S. Endogenous nitric oxide is present in the exhaled air of rabbits, guinea pigs and humans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991;181:852-7.
  • Lundberg JO, Farkas-Szallasi T, Weitzberg E, Rinder J, Lidholm J, Anggaard A, et al. High nitric oxide pro- duction in human paranasal sinuses. Nat Med 1995;1: 370-3.
  • Lundberg JO, Rinder J, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JM, Alving K. Nasally exhaled nitric oxide in humans orig- inates mainly in the paranasal sinuses. Acta Physiol Scand 1994;152:431-2.
  • Haight JS, Djupesland PG, Qjan W, Chatkin JM, Furlott H, Irish J, et al. Does nasal nitric oxide come from the sinuses? J Otolaryngol 1999;28:197-204.
  • Schedin U, Norman M, Gustafsson LE, Herin P, Frostell C. Endogenous nitric oxide in the upper air- ways of healthy newborn infants. Pediatr Res 1996;40: 148-51.
  • Moncada S, Higgs A. The L-arginine-nitric oxide path- way. N Engl J Med 1993;329:2002-12.
  • Singh S, Evans TW. Nitric oxide, the biological media- tor of the decade: fact or fiction? Eur Respir J 1997;10: 699-707.
  • L u n d b e rg JO, We i t z b e rg E, Rinder J, Rudehill A, Jansson O, Wiklund NP, et al. Calcium-independent and steroid-resistant nitric oxide synthase activity in human paranasal sinus mucosa. Eur Respir J 1996;9: 1344-7.
  • F u rukawa K, Harrison DG, Saleh D, Shennib H, Chagnon FP, Giaid A. Expression of nitric oxide syn- thase in the human nasal mucosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:847-50.
  • Kang BH, Chen SS, Jou LS, Weng PK, Wang HW. Immunolocalization of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 3-nitro t y rosine in the nasal mucosa of patients with rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2000;257:242-6.
  • Alving K, We i t z b e rg E, Lundberg JM. Incre a s e d amount of nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatics. Eur Respir J 1993;6:1368-70.
  • Martin U, Bryden K, Devoy M, Howarth P. Increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide during nasal and oral breathing in subjects with seasonal rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:768-72.
  • Baraldi E, Azzolin NM, Zanconato S, Dario C, Zacchello F. Corticosteroids decrease exhaled nitric oxide in chil- d ren with acute asthma. J Pediatr 1997;131:381-5.
  • Kharitonov SA, Yates D, Robbins RA, Logan-Sinclair R, Shinebourne EA, Barnes PJ. Increased nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients. Lancet 1994;343:133-5.
  • Lundberg JO, Nordvall SL, Weitzberg E, Kollberg H, Alving K. Exhaled nitric oxide in paediatric asthma and cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1996;75:323-6.
  • S i l k o ff PE, Robbins RA, Gaston B, Lundberg JO, Townley RG. Endogenous nitric oxide in allergic air- way disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:438-48.
  • Vural Ç, Güngor A. Variations of nasal nitric oxide in a subject with allergic rhinitis: a longitudinal study. Am J Otolaryngol 2002;23:191-5.
  • Baraldi E, Azzolin NM, Carra S, Dario C, Marchesini L, Zacchello F. Effect of topical steroids on nasal nitric oxide production in children with perennial allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Respir Med 1998;92:558-61.
  • Dillon WC, Hampl V, Shultz PJ, Rubins JB, Archer SL. Origins of breath nitric oxide in humans. Chest 1996; 110:930-8.
  • Kharitonov SA, Rajakulasingam K, O'Connor B, Durham SR, Barnes PJ. Nasal nitric oxide is increased in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis and may be modulated by nasal glucocorticoids. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:58-64.
  • Recommendations for standardized procedures for the on-line and off-line measurement of exhaled lower res- piratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide in adults and children-1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:2104-17.
  • Chatkin JM, Djupesland PG, Qian W, McClean P, Furlott H, Gutierrez C, et al. Nasal nitric oxide is inde- pendent of nasal cavity volume. Am J Rhinol 1999;13: 179-84.
  • Baraldi E, Azzolin NM, Biban P, Zacchello F. Effect of antibiotic therapy on nasal nitric oxide concentration in children with acute sinusitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:1680-3.
  • Güngor A, Vural Ç. A method for off-line nasal nitric oxide measurement. Ear Nose Throat J 2002;81:449-53.
  • Qian W, Djupesland PG, Chatkin JM, McClean P, Furlott H, Chapnik JS, et al. Aspiration flow optimized for nasal nitric oxide measurement. Rhinology 1999; 37:61-5.
  • Qian W, Chatkin JM, Djupesland PG, McClean P, Zamel N, Irish JC, et al. Unilateral nasal nitric oxide measurement after nasal surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000;109(10 pt 1):952-7.

Nitrik oksit ve üst solunum yolları: Yeni bulgular

Year 2003, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 39 - 44, 10.04.2003

Abstract

Nitrik oksit NO memeli dokularında L-argininden üretilir. İnsan dokularında nitrik oksit sentetaz NOS bu reaksiyonu katalize eder. Kardiyovasküler sis- temde önemli bir sinyal molekülü olan NO damar to- nusundan sorumludur. Ekspiriyum havası içindeki varlığı 1991 yılında keflfedildikten sonra, NO’nun asıl üretim yerinin burun ve sinüsler olduğu gösteril- di. Nitrik oksit, üst solunum yollarında siliyer hareket- leri hızlandırır, antiviral ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ile mikroorganizmalara karflı birincil savunmayı olufltu- rur. Akciğerlerde ventilasyon/perfüzyon verimliliğini d ü z e n l e r. Aynı zamanda bir alerji belirteci olan NO’nun burunda üretimi alerjik nezle sırasında artar, sinüzit, burun polibi ve Kartagener sendromunda azalır. Bu çalıflmada üst solunum yollarında NO’nun köken, metabolizma ve fonksiyonları gözden ge- çirildi ve burunda ölçüm teknikleri ve sonuçları değerlendirildi

References

  • Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 1980;288:373-6.
  • Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothe- lium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 1987;327:524-6.
  • Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, Byrns RE, Chaudhuri G. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:9265-9.
  • Djupesland PG, Chatkin JM, Qian W, Haight JS. Nitric oxide in the nasal airway: a new dimension in otorhi- nolaryngology. Am J Otolaryngol 2001;22:19-32.
  • L u n d b e rg JO. Airborne nitric oxide: inflammatory marker and aerocrine messenger in man. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1996;633:1-27.
  • Barnes PJ, Belvisi MG. Nitric oxide and lung disease. Thorax 1993;48:1034-43.
  • L u n d b e rg JO, Setterg ren G, Gelinder S, Lundberg JM, Alving K, We i t z b e rg E. Inhalation of nasally derived nitric oxide modulates pulmonary function in humans. Acta Physiol Scand 1996;158:343-7.
  • Djupesland PG, Chatkin JM, Qian W, Cole P, Zamel N, McClean P, et al. Aerodynamic influences on nasal nitric oxide output measurements. Acta Otolaryngol 1999;119:479-85.
  • Arnal JF, Flores P, Rami J, Murris-Espin M, Bremont F, Pasto I, et al. Nasal nitric oxide concentration in paranasal sinus inflammatory diseases. Eur Respir J 1999; 1 3 : 3 0 7 - 1 2 .
  • Sanders SP, Siekierski ES, Richards SM, Porter JD, Imani F, Proud D. Rhinovirus infection induces expres- sion of type 2 nitric oxide synthase in human respira- tory epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:235-43.
  • Jain B, Rubinstein I, Robbins RA, Leise KL, Sisson JH. Modulation of airway epithelial cell ciliary beat fre q u e n- cy by nitric oxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1 9 9 3 ; 1 9 1 : 8 3 - 8 .
  • Kim JW, Min YG, Rhee CS, Lee CH, Koh YY, Rhyoo C, et al. Regulation of mucociliary motility by nitric oxide and expression of nitric oxide synthase in the human sinus epithelial cells. Laryngoscope 2001;111:246-50.
  • Gustafsson LE, Leone AM, Persson MG, Wiklund NP, Moncada S. Endogenous nitric oxide is present in the exhaled air of rabbits, guinea pigs and humans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991;181:852-7.
  • Lundberg JO, Farkas-Szallasi T, Weitzberg E, Rinder J, Lidholm J, Anggaard A, et al. High nitric oxide pro- duction in human paranasal sinuses. Nat Med 1995;1: 370-3.
  • Lundberg JO, Rinder J, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JM, Alving K. Nasally exhaled nitric oxide in humans orig- inates mainly in the paranasal sinuses. Acta Physiol Scand 1994;152:431-2.
  • Haight JS, Djupesland PG, Qjan W, Chatkin JM, Furlott H, Irish J, et al. Does nasal nitric oxide come from the sinuses? J Otolaryngol 1999;28:197-204.
  • Schedin U, Norman M, Gustafsson LE, Herin P, Frostell C. Endogenous nitric oxide in the upper air- ways of healthy newborn infants. Pediatr Res 1996;40: 148-51.
  • Moncada S, Higgs A. The L-arginine-nitric oxide path- way. N Engl J Med 1993;329:2002-12.
  • Singh S, Evans TW. Nitric oxide, the biological media- tor of the decade: fact or fiction? Eur Respir J 1997;10: 699-707.
  • L u n d b e rg JO, We i t z b e rg E, Rinder J, Rudehill A, Jansson O, Wiklund NP, et al. Calcium-independent and steroid-resistant nitric oxide synthase activity in human paranasal sinus mucosa. Eur Respir J 1996;9: 1344-7.
  • F u rukawa K, Harrison DG, Saleh D, Shennib H, Chagnon FP, Giaid A. Expression of nitric oxide syn- thase in the human nasal mucosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:847-50.
  • Kang BH, Chen SS, Jou LS, Weng PK, Wang HW. Immunolocalization of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 3-nitro t y rosine in the nasal mucosa of patients with rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2000;257:242-6.
  • Alving K, We i t z b e rg E, Lundberg JM. Incre a s e d amount of nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatics. Eur Respir J 1993;6:1368-70.
  • Martin U, Bryden K, Devoy M, Howarth P. Increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide during nasal and oral breathing in subjects with seasonal rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:768-72.
  • Baraldi E, Azzolin NM, Zanconato S, Dario C, Zacchello F. Corticosteroids decrease exhaled nitric oxide in chil- d ren with acute asthma. J Pediatr 1997;131:381-5.
  • Kharitonov SA, Yates D, Robbins RA, Logan-Sinclair R, Shinebourne EA, Barnes PJ. Increased nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients. Lancet 1994;343:133-5.
  • Lundberg JO, Nordvall SL, Weitzberg E, Kollberg H, Alving K. Exhaled nitric oxide in paediatric asthma and cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1996;75:323-6.
  • S i l k o ff PE, Robbins RA, Gaston B, Lundberg JO, Townley RG. Endogenous nitric oxide in allergic air- way disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:438-48.
  • Vural Ç, Güngor A. Variations of nasal nitric oxide in a subject with allergic rhinitis: a longitudinal study. Am J Otolaryngol 2002;23:191-5.
  • Baraldi E, Azzolin NM, Carra S, Dario C, Marchesini L, Zacchello F. Effect of topical steroids on nasal nitric oxide production in children with perennial allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Respir Med 1998;92:558-61.
  • Dillon WC, Hampl V, Shultz PJ, Rubins JB, Archer SL. Origins of breath nitric oxide in humans. Chest 1996; 110:930-8.
  • Kharitonov SA, Rajakulasingam K, O'Connor B, Durham SR, Barnes PJ. Nasal nitric oxide is increased in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis and may be modulated by nasal glucocorticoids. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:58-64.
  • Recommendations for standardized procedures for the on-line and off-line measurement of exhaled lower res- piratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide in adults and children-1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:2104-17.
  • Chatkin JM, Djupesland PG, Qian W, McClean P, Furlott H, Gutierrez C, et al. Nasal nitric oxide is inde- pendent of nasal cavity volume. Am J Rhinol 1999;13: 179-84.
  • Baraldi E, Azzolin NM, Biban P, Zacchello F. Effect of antibiotic therapy on nasal nitric oxide concentration in children with acute sinusitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:1680-3.
  • Güngor A, Vural Ç. A method for off-line nasal nitric oxide measurement. Ear Nose Throat J 2002;81:449-53.
  • Qian W, Djupesland PG, Chatkin JM, McClean P, Furlott H, Chapnik JS, et al. Aspiration flow optimized for nasal nitric oxide measurement. Rhinology 1999; 37:61-5.
  • Qian W, Chatkin JM, Djupesland PG, McClean P, Zamel N, Irish JC, et al. Unilateral nasal nitric oxide measurement after nasal surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000;109(10 pt 1):952-7.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Çetin Vural This is me

Anıl Güngör This is me

Publication Date April 10, 2003
Published in Issue Year 2003 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Vural, Ç., & Güngör, A. (2003). Nitrik oksit ve üst solunum yolları: Yeni bulgular. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, 10(1), 39-44.
AMA Vural Ç, Güngör A. Nitrik oksit ve üst solunum yolları: Yeni bulgular. Tr-ENT. April 2003;10(1):39-44.
Chicago Vural, Çetin, and Anıl Güngör. “Nitrik Oksit Ve üst Solunum yolları: Yeni Bulgular”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 10, no. 1 (April 2003): 39-44.
EndNote Vural Ç, Güngör A (April 1, 2003) Nitrik oksit ve üst solunum yolları: Yeni bulgular. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 10 1 39–44.
IEEE Ç. Vural and A. Güngör, “Nitrik oksit ve üst solunum yolları: Yeni bulgular”, Tr-ENT, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 39–44, 2003.
ISNAD Vural, Çetin - Güngör, Anıl. “Nitrik Oksit Ve üst Solunum yolları: Yeni Bulgular”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 10/1 (April 2003), 39-44.
JAMA Vural Ç, Güngör A. Nitrik oksit ve üst solunum yolları: Yeni bulgular. Tr-ENT. 2003;10:39–44.
MLA Vural, Çetin and Anıl Güngör. “Nitrik Oksit Ve üst Solunum yolları: Yeni Bulgular”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, vol. 10, no. 1, 2003, pp. 39-44.
Vancouver Vural Ç, Güngör A. Nitrik oksit ve üst solunum yolları: Yeni bulgular. Tr-ENT. 2003;10(1):39-44.