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Postoperative pain management in clinics of Otolaryngology

Year 2006, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 13.01.2006

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the pain relieving efficacy of six agents which are used in postoperative pain management after otolaryngologic operations.Patients and Methods: 120 adult patients 63 females, 57 males; mean age 36; range 18 to 76 years were included in the study. Same intraoperative anesthesia technique was applied to ali of the patients. Following medications were randomly given to the patients who declared pain sixth hour after the operation: naproxen sodium, meloxicam, rofecoxib, paracetamol, dipyrone, etodolac in proper dosage, to form groups of 20 for each medication. Before and after the appli- cation of the pain reliever tablet to each group, visual anaiog scale VAS and numerical rating scale NRS were used to inguire whether the agents were effective in relieving pain.ANOVA one way , Paired t-test, Kruskal-VVallis, Student t- test were used as statistical methods. p values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.Results: Ali the groups had similar VAS values before medication p>0.05 . When VAS values of each group were assessed after medication, it was recorded that naproxen sodium p=0.020 and meloxicam p=0.001 were effective. When the difference of NRS values between “before medication” and “after medication” was compared among the groups, ali agents significantly changed NRS values, but no inter-groups difference was found p>0.05 .Conclusion: İn terms of NRS scores, the effectiveness of the six different analgesic agents which had been used to reduce postoperative pain was confirmed. Moreover naproxen sodium and meloxicam were found to be more effective than the other agents when taken in the postop­ erative period for the adult patients according to VAS val­ues.

References

  • Ready LB, Oden R, Chadwick HS, Benedetti C, Rooke GA, Caplan R, et al. Development of an anesthesiolo- gy-based postoperative pain management service. Anesthesiology 1988;68:100-6.
  • 1995 Annual scientific meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Atlanta, Georgia, October 21-25, 1995. Anesthesiology 1995;(3A Suppl):A1-1403.
  • Rawal N. Postoperatif ağrı tedavisi. In: Erdine S, editör. Ağrı. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp 2000. s. 124- 41.
  • Audit Commission. Anaesthesia under examination. London: AC; 1997.
  • Dolin SJ, Cashman JN, Bland JM. Effectiveness of acute postoperative pain management: I. Evidence from published data. Br J Anaesth 2002;89:409-23.
  • Wojtulewski JA, Schattenkirchner M, Barcelo P, Le Loet X, Bevis PJ, Bluhmki E, et al. A six-month double-blind trial to compare the efficacy and safety of meloxicam 7.5 mg daily and naproxen 750 mg daily in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1996;35 Suppl 1:22-8.
  • Liu WH, Aitkenhead AR. Comparison of contempora- neous and retrospective assessment of postoperative pain using the visual analogue scale. Br J Anaesth 1991;67:768-71.
  • Bunemann L, Thorshauge H, Herlevsen P, Iversen AD, Nielsen FB. Analgesia for outpatient surgery: placebo versus naproxen sodium (a non-steroidal anti-inflam- matory drug) given before or after surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1994;11:461-4.
  • Kiersch TA, Halladay SC, Koschik M. A double-blind, randomized study of naproxen sodium, ibuprofen, and placebo in postoperative dental pain. Clin Ther 1993;15:845-54.
  • Forbes JA, Keller CK, Smith JW, Zeleznock JR, Sevelius H, Beaver WT. Analgesic effect of naproxen sodium, codeine, a naproxen-codeine combination and aspirin on the postoperative pain of oral surgery. Pharmacotherapy 1986;6:211-8.
  • Trombelli L, Schincaglia GP, Zangari F, Scapoli C, Calura G. Effect of pretreatment with ketorolac tromethamine on post-operative pain following peri- odontal surgery. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:128-32.
  • Engelhardt G. Pharmacology of meloxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with an improved safety profile through preferential inhibition of COX-2. Br J Rheumatol 1996;35 Suppl 1:4-12.
  • Kehlet H, Werner MU. Role of paracetamol in the acute pain management. Drugs 2003;63:15-22. [Abstract]
  • Mizraji M. Clinical response to etodolac in the man- agement of pain. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm 1990;10:35- 43.
  • Morovic-Vergles J. Rofecoxib: its efficacy in rheuma- toid arthritis and acute pain. Reumatizam 2003;50:47- 8. [Abstract]

Kulak burun boğaz kliniğinde ameliyat sonrası ağrı tedavisi

Year 2006, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 13.01.2006

Abstract

Amaç: Ağrı tedavisinde kullanılan altı ilacın kulak burunboğaz ameliyatlarından sonraki etkinlikleri karşılaştırıldı. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Çalışma kapsamına 120 yetişkin hastaalındı. Tüm hastalara aynı anestezi yöntemi uygulandı.Hastalar rastgele 20’şerli gruplara ayrılarak, ameliyatsonrası altıncı saatten itibaren ağrısı olanlara naproksensodyum, meloksikam, rofekoksib, parasetamol, dipiron yada etodolak uygun dozlarda verildi. Ağrı kesici tabletlerverilmeden önce ve verildikten sonra görsel anolog skala visual analog scale VAS , 0-99 mm ve sayısal değerleme ölçeği numerical rating scale NRS , 0-10 puan ileilaçların analjezik güçleri sorgulandı. İstatistik yöntemolarak varyans analizi ANOVA , Paired t-test, KruskalWallis, Student t-test kullanıldı. p0.05 . Hergurubun ilaç verildikten sonraki VAS değerlerine bakıldığında yalnızca naproksen sodyum p=0.020 ve meloksikam p=0.001 grubunun VAS değerlerinin anlamlı olarak değiştiği görüldü. Sayısal değerleme ölçeğinin değerleri karşılaştırıldığında, tüm ilaçların NRS değerlerini anlamlı olarak değiştirdiği, grupların birbiriyle karşılaştırılması sonucunda aralarında anlamlı fark olmadığı saptandı p>0.05 .Sonuç: Kullanılan altı farklı ilacın ameliyat sonrası ağrıyıkesmede NRS skorları bakımından bütün ilaçların etkili oldukları görüldü, ancak VAS skorlarına bakıldığında naproksen sodyum ve meloksikamın yetişkin hastalarda ameliyatsonrası dönemde kullanılmasının ağrıyı azaltma açısındandiğer ilaçlardan daha etkili olduğu saptandı. İlaçlar arasındagüvenilirlik ve tolerabilite açısından farklılık görülmedi

References

  • Ready LB, Oden R, Chadwick HS, Benedetti C, Rooke GA, Caplan R, et al. Development of an anesthesiolo- gy-based postoperative pain management service. Anesthesiology 1988;68:100-6.
  • 1995 Annual scientific meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Atlanta, Georgia, October 21-25, 1995. Anesthesiology 1995;(3A Suppl):A1-1403.
  • Rawal N. Postoperatif ağrı tedavisi. In: Erdine S, editör. Ağrı. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp 2000. s. 124- 41.
  • Audit Commission. Anaesthesia under examination. London: AC; 1997.
  • Dolin SJ, Cashman JN, Bland JM. Effectiveness of acute postoperative pain management: I. Evidence from published data. Br J Anaesth 2002;89:409-23.
  • Wojtulewski JA, Schattenkirchner M, Barcelo P, Le Loet X, Bevis PJ, Bluhmki E, et al. A six-month double-blind trial to compare the efficacy and safety of meloxicam 7.5 mg daily and naproxen 750 mg daily in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1996;35 Suppl 1:22-8.
  • Liu WH, Aitkenhead AR. Comparison of contempora- neous and retrospective assessment of postoperative pain using the visual analogue scale. Br J Anaesth 1991;67:768-71.
  • Bunemann L, Thorshauge H, Herlevsen P, Iversen AD, Nielsen FB. Analgesia for outpatient surgery: placebo versus naproxen sodium (a non-steroidal anti-inflam- matory drug) given before or after surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1994;11:461-4.
  • Kiersch TA, Halladay SC, Koschik M. A double-blind, randomized study of naproxen sodium, ibuprofen, and placebo in postoperative dental pain. Clin Ther 1993;15:845-54.
  • Forbes JA, Keller CK, Smith JW, Zeleznock JR, Sevelius H, Beaver WT. Analgesic effect of naproxen sodium, codeine, a naproxen-codeine combination and aspirin on the postoperative pain of oral surgery. Pharmacotherapy 1986;6:211-8.
  • Trombelli L, Schincaglia GP, Zangari F, Scapoli C, Calura G. Effect of pretreatment with ketorolac tromethamine on post-operative pain following peri- odontal surgery. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:128-32.
  • Engelhardt G. Pharmacology of meloxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with an improved safety profile through preferential inhibition of COX-2. Br J Rheumatol 1996;35 Suppl 1:4-12.
  • Kehlet H, Werner MU. Role of paracetamol in the acute pain management. Drugs 2003;63:15-22. [Abstract]
  • Mizraji M. Clinical response to etodolac in the man- agement of pain. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm 1990;10:35- 43.
  • Morovic-Vergles J. Rofecoxib: its efficacy in rheuma- toid arthritis and acute pain. Reumatizam 2003;50:47- 8. [Abstract]
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İsmail Yılmaz This is me

Mesut Şener This is me

Haluk Yavuz This is me

Cüneyt Yılmazer This is me

Alper Nabi Erkan This is me

Can Alper Çağıcı This is me

Sündüs Gencay This is me

Esra Erol Çalışkan This is me

Levent Naci Özlüoğlu This is me

Publication Date January 13, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, İ., Şener, M., Yavuz, H., Yılmazer, C., et al. (2006). Kulak burun boğaz kliniğinde ameliyat sonrası ağrı tedavisi. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, 16(1), 1-6.
AMA Yılmaz İ, Şener M, Yavuz H, Yılmazer C, Erkan AN, Çağıcı CA, Gencay S, Erol Çalışkan E, Özlüoğlu LN. Kulak burun boğaz kliniğinde ameliyat sonrası ağrı tedavisi. Tr-ENT. January 2006;16(1):1-6.
Chicago Yılmaz, İsmail, Mesut Şener, Haluk Yavuz, Cüneyt Yılmazer, Alper Nabi Erkan, Can Alper Çağıcı, Sündüs Gencay, Esra Erol Çalışkan, and Levent Naci Özlüoğlu. “Kulak Burun boğaz kliniğinde Ameliyat Sonrası ağrı Tedavisi”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 16, no. 1 (January 2006): 1-6.
EndNote Yılmaz İ, Şener M, Yavuz H, Yılmazer C, Erkan AN, Çağıcı CA, Gencay S, Erol Çalışkan E, Özlüoğlu LN (January 1, 2006) Kulak burun boğaz kliniğinde ameliyat sonrası ağrı tedavisi. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 16 1 1–6.
IEEE İ. Yılmaz, M. Şener, H. Yavuz, C. Yılmazer, A. N. Erkan, C. A. Çağıcı, S. Gencay, E. Erol Çalışkan, and L. N. Özlüoğlu, “Kulak burun boğaz kliniğinde ameliyat sonrası ağrı tedavisi”, Tr-ENT, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2006.
ISNAD Yılmaz, İsmail et al. “Kulak Burun boğaz kliniğinde Ameliyat Sonrası ağrı Tedavisi”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 16/1 (January 2006), 1-6.
JAMA Yılmaz İ, Şener M, Yavuz H, Yılmazer C, Erkan AN, Çağıcı CA, Gencay S, Erol Çalışkan E, Özlüoğlu LN. Kulak burun boğaz kliniğinde ameliyat sonrası ağrı tedavisi. Tr-ENT. 2006;16:1–6.
MLA Yılmaz, İsmail et al. “Kulak Burun boğaz kliniğinde Ameliyat Sonrası ağrı Tedavisi”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, vol. 16, no. 1, 2006, pp. 1-6.
Vancouver Yılmaz İ, Şener M, Yavuz H, Yılmazer C, Erkan AN, Çağıcı CA, Gencay S, Erol Çalışkan E, Özlüoğlu LN. Kulak burun boğaz kliniğinde ameliyat sonrası ağrı tedavisi. Tr-ENT. 2006;16(1):1-6.