Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 149 - 154, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/Tr-ENT.2025.1634723

Abstract

References

  • Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Heiiings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S, et ai. Executive summary of EPOS 2020 inciuding integrated care pathways. Rhinoiogy 2020;58(2):82-111. google scholar
  • T.C. Sağiık Bakaniığı. Sağiık istatistikieri yıiiığı 2018. Ankara: Sağiık Bakaniığı; 2019. Avaiiabie from: https://dspace.ceid.org.tr/ (Accessed: 08 December 2023). google scholar
  • Bangiawaia SM, Giii M, Sommer DD, Psaitis AJ, Schiosser RJ, Rotenberg B, et ai. Trends in chronic rhinosinusitis research in the past three decades. Int Forum ALLergy RhinoL 2016;6(7):654-60. google scholar
  • Stewart M, Ferguson B, Fromer L. Epidemioiogy and burden of nasai congestion. Int J Gen Med 2010;3:37-45. google scholar
  • Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, Sun YF, Sun C, Guo W, et aL. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatoceLLuLar carcinoma. CLin Cancer Res 2014;20(23):6212-22. google scholar
  • Yang Y, Chen Q, Han Q, Zhao P, Guo X, Jin J, et al. Systemic inflammation response index predicts the postoperative recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasaL polyps: a retrospective study in the Chinese population. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2024;28l(l):207-17. google scholar
  • Tian BW, Zheng YF, Xu WJ, Chen Z, Zhu Z, Liu Y, et aL. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of cancer immunotherapy: Systematic review and meta-anaLysis. Immunotherapy 2022;14(l8):1481-96. google scholar
  • ELmeazawy R, SaLem E, Hassan M, ELgazar H, Samy A, Naguib S, et aL. RoLe of systemic immune-inflammatory index and systemic inflammatory response index in predicting the diagnosis of necrotizing pneumonia in chiLdren. BMC Pediatr 2024;24(1):496. google scholar
  • Hancı D, Altuntaş A, Dündar R, YıLmaz HB, Serin GM, Günendi T. Turkish translation, cross-cuLtural adaptation and validation oF the Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22. ENT Updates 2015;5(2):51-57. google scholar
  • Lund VJ, Mackay IS. Staging in rhinosinusitis. RhinoLogy 1993;3l(4):183-4. google scholar
  • Deosthale NV, Kumar S, AgrawaL S, Mishra A, Jain R. Diagnostic accuracy oF nasal endoscopy as compared to computed tomography in chronic rhinosinusitis. Indian J OtoLaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017;69(4):494-9. google scholar
  • Hummel T, Sekinger B, WoLF SR, PauLi E, KobaL G. ‘SniFfin’ sticks': oLFactory perFormance assessed by the combined testing oF odor identification, odor discrimination and oLFactory threshoLd. Chem Senses 1997;22(l):39-52. google scholar
  • Kobal G, HummeL T, Sekinger B, Barz S, Roscher S, WoLF S. MuLticenter investigation oF 1,036 subjects using a standardized method For the assessment oF oLFactory Function combining tests oF odor identification, odor discrimination, and oLFactory threshoLds. Eur Arch OtorhinoLaryngoL 2000;257(4):205-11. google scholar
  • WoLFensberger M, Schnieper I, WeLge-Lüssen A. SniFfin’ Sticks: a new oLFactory test battery. Açta OtoLaryngoL 2000;120(2):303-6. google scholar
  • Ray NF, Baraniuk JN, Thamer M, Rinehart CS, SLattery MJ, Kraman SS, et al. HeaLthcare expenditures For sinusitis in 1996: contributions oF asthma, rhinitis, and other airway disorders. J ALLergy Clin Immunol 1999;103(3):408-14. google scholar
  • Durr DG, Desrosiers MY, Dassa C. Impact oF rhinosinusitis in heaLth care deLivery: the Quebec experience. J OtoLaryngoL 2001;30(2):93-7. google scholar
  • Gevaert P, Lang-LoidoLt D, Lackner A, Stammberger H, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. NasaL IL-5 Levels determine the response to anti-IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118(5):1133-41. google scholar
  • OLeszkiewicz A, Schriever VA, Croy I, HummeL T. GLobaL study oF variabiLity in oLFactory sensitivity. Behav Neurosci 2020;134(5):394-406. google scholar
  • Kim DW, Kim JY, Jeon SY. The status oF the oLFactory cLeFt may predict postoperative oLFactory Function in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasaL poLyposis. Am J RhinoL ALLergy 2011;25(2):e90-4. google scholar
  • Zheng Y, Zhang N, Zhang L. CorreLation between computed tomography staging and quaLity oF LiFe instruments in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J RhinoL ALLergy 2010;24(l):e41-5. google scholar
  • Litvack JR, Mace J, Smith TL. Predictors oF oLFactory dysFunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2008;118(l2):2225-30. google scholar
  • Pade J, HummeL T. OLFactory Function FoLLowing nasaL surgery. Laryngoscope 2008;118(7):1260-64. google scholar
  • Kara A, Inanir M, UsLu C, YiLmaz G, Inanir S. Are neutrophiL, pLateLet and eosinophiL-to-Lymphocyte ratio and red bLood ceLL distribution width can be used For nasaL poLyposis? Eur Arch OtorhinoLaryngoL 2018;275(2):409-13. google scholar
  • Bayer K, Hamidovic S, Bskic FF. PeripheraL eosinophiL count and eosinophiL-to-Lymphocyte ratio are Associated with revision sinüs surgery. Eur Arch OtorhinoLaryngol 2023;280(l):183-90 google scholar
  • Merve F. The significance oF eosinophiL and eosinophiL Lymphocyte ratio (ELR) in predicting response to omaLizumab treatment in patients with severe aLLergic asthma. Tuberk Toraks. 2021;69(l):39-48. google scholar
  • Erdoğan T. RoLe oF systemic immune-inflammation index in asthma and NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease. CLin Respir J 2021;15(4):400-5. google scholar
  • Atan D, Özcan KM, Oğuz H, YıLdırım N, Aydın S, Kökten N. New predictive parameters oF nasaL poLyposis: neutrophiL to Lymphocyte ratio and pLateLet to Lymphocyte ratio. KuLak Burun Boğaz Ihtis Derg 2015;25(2):97-101. google scholar
  • Mangoni AA, ZineLLu A. The diagnostic roLe oF the systemic inflammation index in patients with immunoLogicaL diseases: a systematic review and meta-anaLysis. CLin Exp Med 2024;24(1):27. google scholar
  • Wu J, Yan L, Chai K. Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with disease activity in patients with ankyLosing spondyLitis. J CLin Lab AnaL 2021;35(9):e23964. google scholar

Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 149 - 154, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/Tr-ENT.2025.1634723

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between serum inflammatory markers, partic0 ularly the Systemic Immune0Inflammatory Index (SII), and disease severity and olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Materials and Methods: A total of 59 CRS patients and 29 healthy controls were included. Patients were categorised as CRSsNP (n=30) or CRSwNP (n=29). Olfactory function was assessed with the Sniffin’ Sticks test, whereas disease severity was evaluated using the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic and Lund–Mackay radiological staging systems. Quality of life was measured using the SNOT022 questionnaire. Inflammatory indices, including NLR, PLR, ELR, and SII, as well as eosinophil counts and total serum IgE levels, were analysed.

Results: Compared with controls, CRSwNP patients demonstrated significantly higher eosinophil counts and ELR values (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed for IgE, NLR, PLR, or SII levels between the groups (p=0.248). Olfactory scores showed a significant negative correlation with both radiological and endoscopic staging. Importantly, systemic inflammatory indices such as SII and NLR were not associated with olfactory dysfunction, suggesting their limited diagnostic utility in CRS.

Conclusion: While most systemic inflammatory indices did not correlate with olfactory performance or disease severity, ELR and eosinophil counts were markedly elevated in patients with CRSwNP, highlighting the potential disease0specific relevance of ELR in CRS0related olfactory dysfunction.

References

  • Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Heiiings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S, et ai. Executive summary of EPOS 2020 inciuding integrated care pathways. Rhinoiogy 2020;58(2):82-111. google scholar
  • T.C. Sağiık Bakaniığı. Sağiık istatistikieri yıiiığı 2018. Ankara: Sağiık Bakaniığı; 2019. Avaiiabie from: https://dspace.ceid.org.tr/ (Accessed: 08 December 2023). google scholar
  • Bangiawaia SM, Giii M, Sommer DD, Psaitis AJ, Schiosser RJ, Rotenberg B, et ai. Trends in chronic rhinosinusitis research in the past three decades. Int Forum ALLergy RhinoL 2016;6(7):654-60. google scholar
  • Stewart M, Ferguson B, Fromer L. Epidemioiogy and burden of nasai congestion. Int J Gen Med 2010;3:37-45. google scholar
  • Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, Sun YF, Sun C, Guo W, et aL. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatoceLLuLar carcinoma. CLin Cancer Res 2014;20(23):6212-22. google scholar
  • Yang Y, Chen Q, Han Q, Zhao P, Guo X, Jin J, et al. Systemic inflammation response index predicts the postoperative recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasaL polyps: a retrospective study in the Chinese population. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2024;28l(l):207-17. google scholar
  • Tian BW, Zheng YF, Xu WJ, Chen Z, Zhu Z, Liu Y, et aL. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of cancer immunotherapy: Systematic review and meta-anaLysis. Immunotherapy 2022;14(l8):1481-96. google scholar
  • ELmeazawy R, SaLem E, Hassan M, ELgazar H, Samy A, Naguib S, et aL. RoLe of systemic immune-inflammatory index and systemic inflammatory response index in predicting the diagnosis of necrotizing pneumonia in chiLdren. BMC Pediatr 2024;24(1):496. google scholar
  • Hancı D, Altuntaş A, Dündar R, YıLmaz HB, Serin GM, Günendi T. Turkish translation, cross-cuLtural adaptation and validation oF the Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22. ENT Updates 2015;5(2):51-57. google scholar
  • Lund VJ, Mackay IS. Staging in rhinosinusitis. RhinoLogy 1993;3l(4):183-4. google scholar
  • Deosthale NV, Kumar S, AgrawaL S, Mishra A, Jain R. Diagnostic accuracy oF nasal endoscopy as compared to computed tomography in chronic rhinosinusitis. Indian J OtoLaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017;69(4):494-9. google scholar
  • Hummel T, Sekinger B, WoLF SR, PauLi E, KobaL G. ‘SniFfin’ sticks': oLFactory perFormance assessed by the combined testing oF odor identification, odor discrimination and oLFactory threshoLd. Chem Senses 1997;22(l):39-52. google scholar
  • Kobal G, HummeL T, Sekinger B, Barz S, Roscher S, WoLF S. MuLticenter investigation oF 1,036 subjects using a standardized method For the assessment oF oLFactory Function combining tests oF odor identification, odor discrimination, and oLFactory threshoLds. Eur Arch OtorhinoLaryngoL 2000;257(4):205-11. google scholar
  • WoLFensberger M, Schnieper I, WeLge-Lüssen A. SniFfin’ Sticks: a new oLFactory test battery. Açta OtoLaryngoL 2000;120(2):303-6. google scholar
  • Ray NF, Baraniuk JN, Thamer M, Rinehart CS, SLattery MJ, Kraman SS, et al. HeaLthcare expenditures For sinusitis in 1996: contributions oF asthma, rhinitis, and other airway disorders. J ALLergy Clin Immunol 1999;103(3):408-14. google scholar
  • Durr DG, Desrosiers MY, Dassa C. Impact oF rhinosinusitis in heaLth care deLivery: the Quebec experience. J OtoLaryngoL 2001;30(2):93-7. google scholar
  • Gevaert P, Lang-LoidoLt D, Lackner A, Stammberger H, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. NasaL IL-5 Levels determine the response to anti-IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118(5):1133-41. google scholar
  • OLeszkiewicz A, Schriever VA, Croy I, HummeL T. GLobaL study oF variabiLity in oLFactory sensitivity. Behav Neurosci 2020;134(5):394-406. google scholar
  • Kim DW, Kim JY, Jeon SY. The status oF the oLFactory cLeFt may predict postoperative oLFactory Function in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasaL poLyposis. Am J RhinoL ALLergy 2011;25(2):e90-4. google scholar
  • Zheng Y, Zhang N, Zhang L. CorreLation between computed tomography staging and quaLity oF LiFe instruments in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J RhinoL ALLergy 2010;24(l):e41-5. google scholar
  • Litvack JR, Mace J, Smith TL. Predictors oF oLFactory dysFunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2008;118(l2):2225-30. google scholar
  • Pade J, HummeL T. OLFactory Function FoLLowing nasaL surgery. Laryngoscope 2008;118(7):1260-64. google scholar
  • Kara A, Inanir M, UsLu C, YiLmaz G, Inanir S. Are neutrophiL, pLateLet and eosinophiL-to-Lymphocyte ratio and red bLood ceLL distribution width can be used For nasaL poLyposis? Eur Arch OtorhinoLaryngoL 2018;275(2):409-13. google scholar
  • Bayer K, Hamidovic S, Bskic FF. PeripheraL eosinophiL count and eosinophiL-to-Lymphocyte ratio are Associated with revision sinüs surgery. Eur Arch OtorhinoLaryngol 2023;280(l):183-90 google scholar
  • Merve F. The significance oF eosinophiL and eosinophiL Lymphocyte ratio (ELR) in predicting response to omaLizumab treatment in patients with severe aLLergic asthma. Tuberk Toraks. 2021;69(l):39-48. google scholar
  • Erdoğan T. RoLe oF systemic immune-inflammation index in asthma and NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease. CLin Respir J 2021;15(4):400-5. google scholar
  • Atan D, Özcan KM, Oğuz H, YıLdırım N, Aydın S, Kökten N. New predictive parameters oF nasaL poLyposis: neutrophiL to Lymphocyte ratio and pLateLet to Lymphocyte ratio. KuLak Burun Boğaz Ihtis Derg 2015;25(2):97-101. google scholar
  • Mangoni AA, ZineLLu A. The diagnostic roLe oF the systemic inflammation index in patients with immunoLogicaL diseases: a systematic review and meta-anaLysis. CLin Exp Med 2024;24(1):27. google scholar
  • Wu J, Yan L, Chai K. Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with disease activity in patients with ankyLosing spondyLitis. J CLin Lab AnaL 2021;35(9):e23964. google scholar
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Otorhinolaryngology, Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ali Amca 0000-0003-0608-1297

Elvan Evrim Tuna 0000-0003-0424-4152

Melih Çayönü 0000-0001-5542-1898

Zehra Betül Paksoy 0000-0001-9818-8010

Publication Date September 25, 2025
Submission Date February 15, 2025
Acceptance Date September 4, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 35 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Amca, A., Tuna, E. E., Çayönü, M., Paksoy, Z. B. (2025). Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, 35(3), 149-154. https://doi.org/10.26650/Tr-ENT.2025.1634723
AMA Amca A, Tuna EE, Çayönü M, Paksoy ZB. Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Tr-ENT. September 2025;35(3):149-154. doi:10.26650/Tr-ENT.2025.1634723
Chicago Amca, Ali, Elvan Evrim Tuna, Melih Çayönü, and Zehra Betül Paksoy. “Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 35, no. 3 (September 2025): 149-54. https://doi.org/10.26650/Tr-ENT.2025.1634723.
EndNote Amca A, Tuna EE, Çayönü M, Paksoy ZB (September 1, 2025) Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 35 3 149–154.
IEEE A. Amca, E. E. Tuna, M. Çayönü, and Z. B. Paksoy, “Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis”, Tr-ENT, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 149–154, 2025, doi: 10.26650/Tr-ENT.2025.1634723.
ISNAD Amca, Ali et al. “Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 35/3 (September2025), 149-154. https://doi.org/10.26650/Tr-ENT.2025.1634723.
JAMA Amca A, Tuna EE, Çayönü M, Paksoy ZB. Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Tr-ENT. 2025;35:149–154.
MLA Amca, Ali et al. “Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, vol. 35, no. 3, 2025, pp. 149-54, doi:10.26650/Tr-ENT.2025.1634723.
Vancouver Amca A, Tuna EE, Çayönü M, Paksoy ZB. Relationship Between Serum Inflammatory Markers and Olfactory Function in Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Tr-ENT. 2025;35(3):149-54.