DEPRESSION LEVELS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN TERMS OF SOME PSYCHIATRIC AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES IN TURKEY

This is a retraction to: DEPRESSION LEVELS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN TERMS OF SOME PSYCHIATRIC AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES IN TURKEY https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/trjasw/article/1012312

Retraction Note

The article has been retracted at the request of the authors.

Abstract

This study aims to research the depression levels of university students in terms of some psychiatric and socio-demographic features in Turkey. The study group includes a total of 504 students who recently study at the various faculties of Anadolu University. The data of the study was collected through "Personal Information Form" and "Beck Depression Inventory" (BDI). At the end of the study, the mean Beck Depression Inventory score of the students is 13.6. As a result of this research 41.5% of the university students has a minimal level, 24.2% has a mild level, 28% has a moderate level, and 6.3% has a severe level of depression. Depression scores of the students whose parents are divorced were found to be significantly higher than the scores of those whose parents are together. There is a significant relationship between the depression levels and these variables which are psychiatric disease status, psychiatric support status, self-harm status and self-harm status of family members. The BDI scores of those students who stated having a psychiatric disorder, having been receiving psychiatric support, having a tendency to self-harm, and having a family member with a tendency to self-harm were found to be high. In addition, the depression scores of the students whose parents are divorced were seen to be higher than the scores of those whose parents are together.

Keywords

• Depression level
• university student
• psychiatric variables
• socio-demographic variables

References

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington DC, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
2. Bailey K. P., Sauer C. D., & Herrell, C. (2002). Mood disorders. In MA. Boyd (Ed.), Psychiatric Nursing Contemporary Practice. (2nd ed. pp. 410-426). Philadelphia New York Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3. Bayram, N., & Bilgel, N. (2008). The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(8), 667-672.
4. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571. https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
5. Beck, A.T. (1976). Cognitive theraphy and the emotional disorders. New York: International University Press.
6. Beck, A. T.. & Alford, B. A. (2009). Depression: Causes and treatment. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
7. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and-II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67(3), 588-597. https://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
8. Bı̇nbay T, Dı̇rek N, Aker T, Akvardar Y., & Alptekı̇n K. (2014). Psychiatric epidemiology in Turkey: Main advances in recent studies and future directions. Turkish Psychiatry Journal, 25(4):264-81. (Original work published in Turkish)

9. Bostancı, M., Özdel, O., Oğuzhanoğlu, N. K., Özdel, L., Ergin, A., Ergin, N., & Karadag, F. (2005). Depressive symptomatology among university students in Denizli, Turkey: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. Croatian Medical Journal, 46, 96–100
10. Bozkurt, N. (2004). The relationship between the levels of depression and anxiety in a group of university students and various variables. Education and Science, 29 (133), 52-59. (Original work published in Turkish)
11. Ceyhan E., & Ceyhan A. (2011). Loneliness and depression levels of students using a university counseling center. Education and Science, 36 (160), 81-92.
12. Ceyhan, E., Ceyhan, A., & Kurtyılmaz Y. (2005). Depression among Turkish female and male university students. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(4), 329-340.
13. Chen L., Wang L., Hui Qiu X., Yang X.X., Qiao Z.X., Yang Y.J., & Liang Y. (2013). Depression among Chinese university students: Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates. PLOS ONE, 8(3), 1-6.
14. Cornwell, C. J. (2003). The client with a mood disorders. In W. K. Mohr & B. S. Johnson (Ed.), Johnson’s Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (5th ed. pp. 485-492), Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams&Wilkins.
15. Fraser, M., & Blishen, S. (2007). Supporting young people’s mental health: Eight points for action: a policy briefing from the Mental Health Foundation, London: Mental Health Foundation.
16. Grant, K., Marsh, P., Syniar, G., Williams, M., Addlesperger, E., Kinzler, M. H., & Cowman, S. (2002). Gender differences in rates of depression among undergraduates: measurement matters. Journal of Adolescence, 25(6), 613-617.
17. Hisli, N. (1989). A study on the validity of Beck Depression Inventory for university students. Journal of Psychology, 7, 3–13. (Original work published in Turkish)
18. Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593-602.
19. Özdel L, Bostancı M, Özdel O., & Oğuzhanoğlu NK. (2002). The relationship with sociodemographic characteristics and depressive symptoms in university students. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 3(3), 155-161. (Original work published in Turkish)
20. Riso, L. P., Miyatake, R. K., & Thase, M. E. (2002). The search for determinants of chronic depression: A review of six factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 70(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(01)00376-7
21. Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical sciences. (11th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters PA.
22. Sağar, M. E. (2018). Exploring the depression levels of education faculty students in terms of some variables. Gümüşhane University Electronic Journal of The Institute of Social Sciences, 9(23), 29-42. (Original work published in Turkish)
23. Sümer, S., Poyrazlı, S., & Grahame, K.(2008). Predictors of depression and anxiety among international students. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86, 429-437.
24. Ministry of Health General Directorate of Primary Health Care. (1998). Turkey Mental Health Profile Report, Retrieved from https://tr.scribd.com/doc/118803955/Turkiye-Ruh-Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1-Profili-Raporu-1998 (Original work published in Turkish)
25. Yüksel, N. (2014). Depressive disorders. In N. Yüksel (Ed.), Mental Illness (1st ed., pp, 267-298). Ankara, Turkey: Akademisyen Tıp Kitapevi. (Original work published in Turkish)
26. World Health Organization. (2018). International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/