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Sosyal Hizmetin Doğuşu: Yerleşim Evlerinin Günümüzün Toplumsal Dayanışma Kültürüne Yansımaları

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 125 - 134, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54467/trjasw.1586495

Abstract

Bu makale, 19. yüzyıl sonlarında Amerika'da yerleşim evlerinin ortaya çıkışını ve modern sosyal hizmet ve toplumsal dayanışma üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Hızlı sanayileşme, kentleşme ve kitlesel göçle birlikte Amerikan şehirleri yoksulluk, işsizlik ve sosyal eşitsizlik gibi sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Başta Jane Addams ve Ellen Gates Starr tarafından 1889'da kurulan Hull House olmak üzere yerleşim evleri, sosyal adaleti teşvik ederek, eğitim sağlayarak ve kültürel entegrasyonu geliştirerek bu sorunları ele aldı. Yerleşim evleri yalnızca yoksul göçmen toplulukları desteklemekle kalmadı, aynı zamanda işçi haklarının geliştirilmesi, çocuk işçiliğinin azaltılması ve kadınların güçlendirilmesinde de önemli bir rol oynadı. Toplum merkezli yaklaşımları, sosyal hizmeti hem bireysel hem de toplumsal refaha odaklanan bir meslek olarak yeniden tanımladı. Farklı etnik ve kültürel grupları bir araya getiren bu evler, hoşgörü ve çok kültürlülüğü teşvik ederek Amerikan sosyal ve kültürel dokusu üzerinde derin bir etki bırakmıştır. Makale, yerleşim evlerinin sosyal hizmet uygulamalarına nasıl öncülük ettiğini ve mesleki eğitim ve etik çerçeveler yoluyla mesleki standartları nasıl oluşturduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu ilkeler, modern sosyal hizmet politikalarının ve kâr amacı gütmeyen kuruluşların temelini oluşturmuştur. Mirasları, farklı nüfuslar arasında dayanışmayı teşvik ederken eğitim, kültür ve sosyal hizmetler sunmaya devam eden çağdaş toplum merkezlerinde devam etmektedir. Son olarak, çalışma yerleşim evlerinin günümüzdeki geçerliliğinin altını çizmekte ve uygulamalarını çağdaş sosyal zorlukları ele almak için bir model olarak önermektedir. Tarihsel katkılarını ve kalıcı etkilerini inceleyen bu makale, daha adil bir toplumun şekillendirilmesinde toplum odaklı hizmet ve sosyal adaletin kalıcı ilkelerine ışık tutmaktadır.

References

  • Addams, J. (2006). Twenty years at hull house. New York: Dodo Press (The original work was published in 1910).
  • Axinn, J. and Stern, M. J. (2001). Social welfare: A history of the American response to need. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Brown, A. and Clark, D. (2021). Nonprofit organizations and community participation: Continuing the legacy of settlement houses. Journal of Community Development, 56(4), 341-359.
  • Carson, M. (1990). Settlers: Social thought and the American settlement movement, 1885-1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Davis, A. F. (1973). American hero: The life and legend of Jane Addams. Oxford Press: New York.
  • Johnson, T. (2020). Modern community centers and the settlement house effect. Community Services Review, 29(3), 198-213.
  • Johnson, T. and Parker, R. (2023). The enduring legacy of settlement houses in American social work. American Social Work Review, 78(1), 101-119.
  • Knight, L. W. (2005). The citizen: Jane Addams and the struggle for democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Leiby, J. (1978). A history of social welfare and social work in the United States. New York: Columbia University. Press.
  • Lissak, R. S. (1989). Pluralism and the progressives: Hull house and the new immigrants, 1890-1919. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lombardo, P. (2021). Social justice and nonprofit organizations: Continuing the settlement house principles. Journal of Social Policy, 63(2), 156-172.
  • Lubove, R. (1965). The professional altruist: The emergence of social work as a career, 1880-1930. Cambridge: Harvard University. Press.
  • Muncy, R. (1991). The making of female dominance in American reform, 1890-1935. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Parker, R. (2019). Community-based social work practice: Building on the foundations of settlement houses. Journal of Social Work Practice, 15(1), 45-62.
  • Popple, P. R. and Leighninger, L. (2010). The policy-based profession: An introduction to social welfare policy analysis for social workers. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Reisch, M. and Andrews, J. (2002). The road not taken: A history of radical social work in the United States. Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Smith, A. and Evans, R. (2021). Social welfare and the legacy of settlement houses in the United States. American Journal of Social Welfare, 67(2), 150-165.
  • Smith, L. (2018). Settlement houses and modern community centers: A historical perspective. Journal of Community Welfare, 32(1), 67-79.
  • Specht, H. and Courtney, M. E. (1994). Unfaithful angels: How social work abandoned its mission. New York: Free Press.
  • Trattner, W. I. (1999). From the poor law to the welfare state: a history of social welfare in America. New York: Free Press.
  • Trolander, J. A. (1987). Settlement houses to neighborhood centers: A history of the settlement house movement in the United States. Retrieved from https://ifsnetwork.org/?s=a+history+of+the+settlement+house&lang=en Accessed: 14.10.2024.

THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK: REFLECTIONS OF SETTLEMENT HOUSES ON TODAY’S CULTURE OF COMMUNITY SOLIDARITY

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 125 - 134, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54467/trjasw.1586495

Abstract

This article examines the emergence of settlement houses in late 19th-century America and their impact on modern social work and community solidarity. With rapid industrialization, urbanization, and mass immigration, American cities faced challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and social inequality. Settlement houses, notably Hull House founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889, addressed these issues by fostering social justice, providing education, and enhancing cultural integration.
Settlement houses not only supported impoverished immigrant communities but also played a pivotal role in advancing workers’ rights, reducing child labor, and empowering women. Their community-centered approach redefined social work as a profession focused on both individual and societal well-being. By integrating diverse ethnic and cultural groups, these houses promoted tolerance and multiculturalism, leaving a profound impact on American social and cultural fabric.
The article highlights how settlement houses pioneered social work practices and established professional standards through vocational training and ethical frameworks. These principles laid the groundwork for modern social work policies and nonprofit organizations. Their legacy persists in contemporary community centers, which continue to provide educational, cultural, and social services while fostering solidarity among diverse populations.
Finally, the study underscores the relevance of settlement houses today, suggesting their practices as a model for addressing contemporary social challenges. By exploring their historical contributions and lasting influence, the article sheds light on the enduring principles of community-oriented service and social justice in shaping a more equitable society.

References

  • Addams, J. (2006). Twenty years at hull house. New York: Dodo Press (The original work was published in 1910).
  • Axinn, J. and Stern, M. J. (2001). Social welfare: A history of the American response to need. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Brown, A. and Clark, D. (2021). Nonprofit organizations and community participation: Continuing the legacy of settlement houses. Journal of Community Development, 56(4), 341-359.
  • Carson, M. (1990). Settlers: Social thought and the American settlement movement, 1885-1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Davis, A. F. (1973). American hero: The life and legend of Jane Addams. Oxford Press: New York.
  • Johnson, T. (2020). Modern community centers and the settlement house effect. Community Services Review, 29(3), 198-213.
  • Johnson, T. and Parker, R. (2023). The enduring legacy of settlement houses in American social work. American Social Work Review, 78(1), 101-119.
  • Knight, L. W. (2005). The citizen: Jane Addams and the struggle for democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Leiby, J. (1978). A history of social welfare and social work in the United States. New York: Columbia University. Press.
  • Lissak, R. S. (1989). Pluralism and the progressives: Hull house and the new immigrants, 1890-1919. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lombardo, P. (2021). Social justice and nonprofit organizations: Continuing the settlement house principles. Journal of Social Policy, 63(2), 156-172.
  • Lubove, R. (1965). The professional altruist: The emergence of social work as a career, 1880-1930. Cambridge: Harvard University. Press.
  • Muncy, R. (1991). The making of female dominance in American reform, 1890-1935. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Parker, R. (2019). Community-based social work practice: Building on the foundations of settlement houses. Journal of Social Work Practice, 15(1), 45-62.
  • Popple, P. R. and Leighninger, L. (2010). The policy-based profession: An introduction to social welfare policy analysis for social workers. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Reisch, M. and Andrews, J. (2002). The road not taken: A history of radical social work in the United States. Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Smith, A. and Evans, R. (2021). Social welfare and the legacy of settlement houses in the United States. American Journal of Social Welfare, 67(2), 150-165.
  • Smith, L. (2018). Settlement houses and modern community centers: A historical perspective. Journal of Community Welfare, 32(1), 67-79.
  • Specht, H. and Courtney, M. E. (1994). Unfaithful angels: How social work abandoned its mission. New York: Free Press.
  • Trattner, W. I. (1999). From the poor law to the welfare state: a history of social welfare in America. New York: Free Press.
  • Trolander, J. A. (1987). Settlement houses to neighborhood centers: A history of the settlement house movement in the United States. Retrieved from https://ifsnetwork.org/?s=a+history+of+the+settlement+house&lang=en Accessed: 14.10.2024.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Counselling, Wellbeing and Community Services
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Erdinç Kalaycı 0000-0001-8572-972X

Ethem Ali Dölek 0000-0001-6218-2493

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date November 16, 2024
Acceptance Date December 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kalaycı, E., & Dölek, E. A. (2024). THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL WORK: REFLECTIONS OF SETTLEMENT HOUSES ON TODAY’S CULTURE OF COMMUNITY SOLIDARITY. Turkish Journal of Applied Social Work, 7(2), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.54467/trjasw.1586495