Influence of Dietary Inclusion of Full-Fat Soybean Meal and Amino Acids Supplementation on Growth and Digestive Enzymes Activity of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Year 2013, , - , 01.02.2013

Abdel-wahab Abdel-moez Abdel-warith Elsayed Mohammad Younis

https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_1_09

Abstract

The influence of replacing diet fish meal LT94 (FM) with different levels of full fat soybean meal (FFSB) on growth performance and enzymes activity in stomach, hepato-pancreas and intestine were investigated for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Four diets (D1, D2, D3 and D4) were formulated 0, 15, 20, and 20 g/100 protein of diets + DL-methionine by replacing FFSB with fish meal respectively. Proximate composition of the diets was determined. The growth of O. niloticus was significantly decreased (P<0.05) with substitution of fish meal by FFSB (D2, D3 and D4) compared to the control group (D1). The lowest weight gain (46.02±1.30 g), specific growth rate (SGR: 2.29%±0.03), protein efficiency ratio (PER: 2.25±0.04) and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU: 36.37%±0.29) were achieved at D4. Regression analysis did not show a significant differences (P>0.05) for proteolytic and trypsin activities in the intestine and stomach among the data of all fish groups. However, hepato-pancreas proteolytic and trypsin activities showed significant decrease (P<0.05) with increase of FFSB magnitude in the diets. Activity of amylase and lipase in hepato-pancreas, stomach and intestine displayed significant differences (P<0.05) between control group and fish of the tested diets groups. The carcass composition of fish did not exhibit a significant difference.

Keywords

Oreochromis niloticus, full-fat soybean, amino acids, enzymes activity

References

• Abdel-Warith A.A. 2008. Using different types of soybean meals as protein sources replace fishmeal in diets for monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Mansoura University for Agriculture Science, 33(7): 4849-4861.
• Al-Owafeir, M. 1999. The effect of dietary saponin and tannin on growth performance and digestion in O. niloticus and Clarias gariepinus. PhD thesis, Stirling: University of Stirling, Institute of Aquaculture, UK, 220 pp.
• Antolovic, N., Kozul, V., Antolovic, M. and Bolotin, J. 20 Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by soybean meal on growth of juvenile saddled bream (Sparidae). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12: 247-252. AOAC 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th edition,. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC., 1094 pp.
• Aragao, C., ConceiCao, L.E.C., Martins, D., Rİnnestadc, I., Gomes, E. and Dinis, M.T. 2004. A balanced dietary amino acid profile improves amino acid retention in post-larval Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis. Aquaculture, 233: 293–304. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2003.08.007
• Dabrowski, K., Arslan, M., Terjesen, B.F. and Zhang, Y.F. 200 The effect of dietary indispensable amino acid imbalances on feed intake: is there a sensing of deficiency and neural signalling present in fish. Aquaculture, 268: 136–142. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.065
• Das, H.M. and Tripathi, S.D. 1991. Studies on digestive enzymes of grass carp, (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) Aquaculture, 92: 21-32. doi: 10.1016/00448486(91)90005-R
• Davies, S.J. and Morris, P.C. 1997. Influence of multiple amino acid supplementation on the performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), fed soya based diets. Aquaculture Research, 28: 65–74. doi: 1046/j.1365-2109.1997.t01-1-00836.x
• Davies, S.J., Abdel-Warith, A.A. and Gouveia, A. 2011. Digestibility characteristics of selected feed ingredients for developing bespoke diets for Nile tilapia culture in Europe and North America. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 42(3): 388-398. doi: 1111/j.1749-7345.2011.00478.x
• De Silva, S.S. and Anderson, T.A. 1998. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. 2 nd Edition Chapman and Hall, London, 317 pp.
• Dias, J., Conceição, L.E.C., Ribeiro, A.R., Borges, P., Valente, L.M.P. and Dinis, M.T. 2009. Practical diet with low fish-derived protein is able to sustain growth performance in gilthead seabream Sparus aurata during the grow-out phase. Aquaculture, 293: 255– 2 doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.042
• El-Beltagy, A.E., El-Adawy, T.A., Rahma, E.H. and ElBedawey, A.A. 200 Purification and characterization of an acidic protease from the viscera of bolti fish (Tilapia nilotica). Food Chemistry, 86: 33- doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.009
• El-Saidy, D.M.S.D. and Gaber, M.M.A. 2002. Complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal with dietary l-lysine supplementation for Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 33: 297–306. doi: 1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00506.x
• El-Sayed, A.F.M. 1999. Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Aquaculture, 179: 149-168. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00159-3
• Erlanger, B., Kokowsky, N. and Cohen, W. 1961. The preparation and properties of two new chromogenic substrates of trypsin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 95: 271-2 doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(61)90145-X
• FAO 2004. FAO FishStat plus. Aquaculture Production 1970–2002, Rome, Italy.
• Fitzsimmons, K. 2000. Future trends of tilapia aquaculture in the Americas. In: B.A. Costa Pierce, J. Rakocy (Eds.), Tilapia Aquaculture in the Americas World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA: 252264
• Francis, G., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K. 2001. Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, 199:197-227. doi: 10.1016/S00448486(01)00526-9
• Hidalgo, M.C., Urea, E. and Sanz, A. 1999. Comparative study of digestive enzymes in fish with different nutritional habits. Proteolytic and amylase activities. Aquaculture, 170: 267-283. doi: 10.1016/S00448486(98)00413-X
• Hussain, S.M., Afzal, M., Rana, S.A., Javid, A. and Iqbal, M. 20 Effect of phytase supplemetation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on corn gluten meal-based diets. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 13(6): 916-922. Kaushik, S.J., Coves, D., Dutto, G. and Blanc, D. 2004. Almost total replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a marine teleost, the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 230: 391-40 doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00422-8
• Kunitz, M. 1947. Crystalline soybean trypsin inhibitor: II. General properties. Journal of. General Physiology, 30: 291-310. doi: 10.1085/jgp.30.4.291
• Kuz`mina, V.V. 1990. Temperature influence on the total level of proteolytic activity in the digestive tract of some species of freshwater fishes. Journal of Ichthyology, 30: 97-109.
• Le Moullac, G., Klein, B., Sellos, D. and van Wormhoudt, A. 1997. Adaptation of trypsin, chymotrypsin and α amylase to casein level and protein source in Penaeus vannamei. (Crustacea Decapoda). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology Ecology, 208: 107-125. doi: 1016/S0022-0981(96)02671-8 Liener, I.E. 19 Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 34: 31-67. doi: 1080/10408399409527649
• Lin, S. and Luo, L. 2011. Effects of different levels of soybean meal inclusion in replacement for fish meal on growth, digestive enzymes and transaminase activities in practical diets for juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 168: 80-87. doi: 1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.03.012
• Luo, L., Xue, M. Wu, X., Cai, X., Cao, H. and Liang, Y. 200 Partial or total replacement of fishmeal by solvent-extracted cottonseed meal in diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition, 12: 418–424. doi: 1111/j.1365202006.00443.x
• Moyano, F.J., Diaz, M.I., Diaz, M. and Alarcon, F.J. 1999. Inhibition of digestive proteases by vegetable meals in three fish species; seabream (Sparus aurata), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African sole (Solea senegalensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 122(B): 327-332. doi: 1016/S0305-0491(99)00024-3
• Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, R.J., Primavera, J.H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M.C.M., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubchenco, J., Mooney, H. and Troell, M. 2000. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature, 405: 101710 doi: 10.1038/35016500
• Norton, G. 1991. Proteinase inhibitors. In: F.J.P. D`Mello, C.M. Duffus, J.H. Duffus (Eds.), Toxic Substances in Crop Plants. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Cambridge: 68-106.
• Opuszynski, K. and Shireman, J.V. 1995. Digestive mechanisms. In: K. Opuszynski, J.V. Shireman, (Eds.), Herbivorous Fishes: Culture and Use for Weed Management. CRC Press, Boca Raton: 21-31.
• Robaina, L., Izquierdo, M.S., Moyano, F.J., Socorro, J., Vergara, J.M., Montero, D. and Fernandez-Palacios, H. 1995. Soybean and lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): nutritional and histological implications. Aquaculture, 130: 219-233. doi: 10.1016/00448486(94)00225-D
• Santiago, C.B. and Lovell, R.T. 1988. Amino acid requirements for growth of Nile tilapia. Journal of Nutrition, 118: 1540-1546.
• Santigosa, E., Sánchez, J., Médale, F., Kaushik, S., PérezSánchez, J. and Gallardo, M.A. 2008. Modifications of digestive enzymes in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bream (Sparus aurata) in response to dietary fish meal replacement by plant protein sources. Aquaculture, 282: 68-74. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.007
• Schulz, C., Wickert, M., Kijora, C.J. and Ogunji Rennert, B. 200 Evaluation of pea protein isolate as alternative protein source in diets for juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Research, 38: 537-5 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01699.x
• Shiau, S.Y., Lin, S.F., Yu, S.L., Lin, A.L. and Kwok, C.C. 19 Defatted and full-fat soybean meal as partial replacements for fishmeal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus) diets at low protein level. Aquaculture, 86: 401-407. doi: 10.1016/00448486(90)90328-K
• Silva, J.M.G., Espe, M., Conceição, L.E.C., Dias, J. and Valente, L.M.P. 2009. Senegalese sole juveniles (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) grow equally well on diets devoid of fish meal provided the dietary amino acids are balanced. Aquaculture, 296: 309–317. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.031
• Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. 1989. Statistical Methods. The Lowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 476 pp.
• Sİrensen, M., Penn, M., El-Mowafi, A., Storebakken, T., Chunfang, C., Øverland, M. and Rogdahl, Å. 2011. Effect of stachyose, raffinose and soya-saponins supplementation on nutrient digestibility, digestive enzymes, gut morphology and growth performance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L). Aquaculture, 314: 145–152. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.02.013
• Sriket, C., Benjakul, S., Visessanguan, W. and Hara, K. 20 Effect of legume seed extracts on the inhibition of proteolytic activity and muscle degradation of fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Food Chemistry, 129: 1093-1099. doi: 1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.080
• Tengjaroenkul, B., Smith, B.J., Caceci, T. and Smith, S.A. 2000. Distribution of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal tract of cultured Nile tilapia O. niloticus L. Aquaculture, 182: 317-327. doi: 1016/S0044-8486(99)00270-7
• Tietz, N. 1970. Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. W.B. Saunders Press, Philadelphis, 983 pp.
• Uys, W. and Hecht, T. 1987. Assays on the digestive enzymes of sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae). Aquaculture, 63: 301-313. doi: 1016/0044-8486(87)90080-9
• Venoua, B., Alexis, M.N., Fountoulakia, E., Nengasa, I., Apostolopouloub, M. and Castritsi-Catharioub, I. 200 Effect of extrusion of wheat and corn on gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata growth, nutrient utilization efficiency, rates of gastric evacuation and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 225: 2072 doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00290-4
• Walter, H.E. 1984. Proteinases: methods with hemoglobin, casein and azocoll as substrates. In: H.U. Bergmeyer (Ed.), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany: 270-277.