Effect of Dietary Chlorella on the Growth Performance and Physiological Parameters of Gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio
Abstract
In the present study, a chlorella-free control diet (C) and five experimental diets supplemented with 0.4~2.0% Chlorella were formulated. The gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), one of the commercial fish in China, were fed with the designed diets for 60 days. At the end of trials, parameters of growth performance, blood and the digestive enzyme were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal dietary level of Chlorella as an additive in gibel carp diet was 0.8~1.2%. The growth performance including RGR, SGR, PER and PDR in 0.8 and 1.2% chlorella-adding group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, some blood parameters including total protein, lysozyme in these two groups were also higher than in the control group. Furthermore, the chlorella could increase the digestive enzyme, e.g. amylase, lipase and protease in hepatopancreas and intestine. Our study confirmed that the Chlorella could be used as additive in gibel carp farming and the optimal adding level of Chlorella was 0.8%-1.2%, which could promote the growth performance, immune response and the activity of digestive enzyme.
References
- Abolfathis, M., Hajimoradloo, A., Ghorbani, R. and Zamani, A. 2012. Effect of starvation and refeeding on digestive enzyme activities in juvenile roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular Integrative Physiology, 161(2): 166-173. doi: 1016/j.cbpa.2011.10.020
- Anderson, D.P., Robertson, B.S. and Dixon O.W. 1979. Plaque-forming cells and humoral antibody in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) induced by immersion in a Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen preparation. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 36(6): 636-639. doi: 10.1139/f79-092
- Dantas, D.C., Kaneno, R. and Queiroz M.L. 1999. The effects of Chlorella vulgaris in the protection of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Role of natural killer cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 21(3): 609-6 doi: 10.3109/08923979909007129
- Güroy, D., Güroy, B., Merrifield, D.L., Ergün, S., Tekinay, A.A. and Yiğit, M. 2011. Effect of dietary Ulva and Spirulina on weight loss and body composition of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), during a starvation period. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 95: 320-327. doi: 1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01057.x
- Muñoz-Montesino, C., Andrews, E., Rivers, R., GonzálezSmith, A., Moraga-Cid, G., Folch, H., Céspedes, S. and Oñate, A.A. 2004. Intraspleen Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Coding for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) of Brucella abortusInduces SOD-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells. Infection and Immunity, 72: 208120 doi: 10.1128/IAI.72.4.2081-2087.2004
- Kumar, S., Raman, R.P., Kumar, K., Pandey, P.K., Kumar, N., Mallesh, B., Mohanty, S. and Kumar A. 2012. Effect of azadirachtin on haematological and biochemical parameters of Argulus-infected goldfish Carassius auratus (Linn. 1758). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 39(4): 733-737 doi: 10.1007/s10695012-9736-8.
- Palmegiano, G.B., Gal, F., Dapră, F., Gasco, L., Pazzaglia, M. and Peiretti, P.G. 2008. Effects of Spirulina and plant oil on the growth and lipid traits of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 39: 587-595. doi: 1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01914.x
- Pham, T.M., Fujino, Y., Ando, M., Suzuki, K., Nakachi, K., Ito, Y., Watanabe, Y., Inaba Y., Tajima, K., Tamakoshi, A. and Yoshimura, T. 2009. Relationship between serum levels of superoxide dismutase activity and subsequent risk of lung cancer mortality: finding from a nested case-control study within the Japan collaborative cohort study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 10: 75-79.
- Saurabh, S. and Sahoo, P.K. 2008. Lysozyme: an important defence molecule of fish innate immune system. Aquaculture Research, 39: 223-239. doi: 1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01883.x
- Takeuchi, T., Lu, J., Yoshizaki, G. and Satoh, S. 2002. Effect on the growth and body composition of juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed raw Spirulina. Fisheries Science, 68: 34-40. doi: 1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00386.x
- Tanaka, K., Yamada, A. and Noda, K. 1998. A novel glycoprotein obtained from chlorella vulgaris strain CK22 shows antimetastatic immunopotentiation. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, 45(6): 313-320. doi: 1007/s002620050448
- Van Campenhout, K., Infante, H.G., Hoff, P.T., Moens, L., Goemans, G., Belpaire, C., Adams, F., Blust, R. and Bervoets, L. 2010. Cytosolic distribution of Cd, Cu and Zn, and metallothionein levels in relation to physiological changes in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) from metal-impacted habitats. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73: 29630 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.10.007
- Yamaguchi, K. 1996. Recent advance in micro-algal bioscience in Japan, with special reference to utilization of biomass and metabolites: a review. Journal of Applied Phycology, 8(6): 487-490. doi: 1007/BF02186327
Effect of Dietary Chlorella on the Growth Performance and Physiological Parameters of Gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio
Abstract
In the present study, a chlorella-free control diet (C) and five experimental diets supplemented with 0.4~2.0% Chlorella were formulated. The gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), one of the commercial fish in China, were fed with the designed diets for 60 days. At the end of trials, parameters of growth performance, blood and the digestive enzyme were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal dietary level of Chlorella as an additive in gibel carp diet was 0.8~1.2%. The growth performance including RGR, SGR, PER and PDR in 0.8 and 1.2% chlorella-adding group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, some blood parameters including total protein, lysozyme in these two groups were also higher than in the control group. Furthermore, the chlorella could increase the digestive enzyme, e.g. amylase, lipase and protease in hepatopancreas and intestine. Our study confirmed that the Chlorella could be used as additive in gibel carp farming and the optimal adding level of Chlorella was 0.8%-1.2%, which could promote the growth performance, immune response and the activity of digestive enzyme.
References
- Abolfathis, M., Hajimoradloo, A., Ghorbani, R. and Zamani, A. 2012. Effect of starvation and refeeding on digestive enzyme activities in juvenile roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular Integrative Physiology, 161(2): 166-173. doi: 1016/j.cbpa.2011.10.020
- Anderson, D.P., Robertson, B.S. and Dixon O.W. 1979. Plaque-forming cells and humoral antibody in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) induced by immersion in a Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen preparation. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 36(6): 636-639. doi: 10.1139/f79-092
- Dantas, D.C., Kaneno, R. and Queiroz M.L. 1999. The effects of Chlorella vulgaris in the protection of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Role of natural killer cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 21(3): 609-6 doi: 10.3109/08923979909007129
- Güroy, D., Güroy, B., Merrifield, D.L., Ergün, S., Tekinay, A.A. and Yiğit, M. 2011. Effect of dietary Ulva and Spirulina on weight loss and body composition of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), during a starvation period. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 95: 320-327. doi: 1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01057.x
- Muñoz-Montesino, C., Andrews, E., Rivers, R., GonzálezSmith, A., Moraga-Cid, G., Folch, H., Céspedes, S. and Oñate, A.A. 2004. Intraspleen Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Coding for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) of Brucella abortusInduces SOD-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells. Infection and Immunity, 72: 208120 doi: 10.1128/IAI.72.4.2081-2087.2004
- Kumar, S., Raman, R.P., Kumar, K., Pandey, P.K., Kumar, N., Mallesh, B., Mohanty, S. and Kumar A. 2012. Effect of azadirachtin on haematological and biochemical parameters of Argulus-infected goldfish Carassius auratus (Linn. 1758). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 39(4): 733-737 doi: 10.1007/s10695012-9736-8.
- Palmegiano, G.B., Gal, F., Dapră, F., Gasco, L., Pazzaglia, M. and Peiretti, P.G. 2008. Effects of Spirulina and plant oil on the growth and lipid traits of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 39: 587-595. doi: 1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01914.x
- Pham, T.M., Fujino, Y., Ando, M., Suzuki, K., Nakachi, K., Ito, Y., Watanabe, Y., Inaba Y., Tajima, K., Tamakoshi, A. and Yoshimura, T. 2009. Relationship between serum levels of superoxide dismutase activity and subsequent risk of lung cancer mortality: finding from a nested case-control study within the Japan collaborative cohort study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 10: 75-79.
- Saurabh, S. and Sahoo, P.K. 2008. Lysozyme: an important defence molecule of fish innate immune system. Aquaculture Research, 39: 223-239. doi: 1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01883.x
- Takeuchi, T., Lu, J., Yoshizaki, G. and Satoh, S. 2002. Effect on the growth and body composition of juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed raw Spirulina. Fisheries Science, 68: 34-40. doi: 1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00386.x
- Tanaka, K., Yamada, A. and Noda, K. 1998. A novel glycoprotein obtained from chlorella vulgaris strain CK22 shows antimetastatic immunopotentiation. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, 45(6): 313-320. doi: 1007/s002620050448
- Van Campenhout, K., Infante, H.G., Hoff, P.T., Moens, L., Goemans, G., Belpaire, C., Adams, F., Blust, R. and Bervoets, L. 2010. Cytosolic distribution of Cd, Cu and Zn, and metallothionein levels in relation to physiological changes in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) from metal-impacted habitats. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73: 29630 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.10.007
- Yamaguchi, K. 1996. Recent advance in micro-algal bioscience in Japan, with special reference to utilization of biomass and metabolites: a review. Journal of Applied Phycology, 8(6): 487-490. doi: 1007/BF02186327
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 7, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 14 Issue: 1 |