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Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs

Year 2014, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, - , 07.07.2014

Mehrdad Sarkheil Gholamreza Rafiee Bagher Mojazi Amiri Mehrdad Farhangi

https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_08

Abstract

With the aim of finding the optimum concentration of waterborne sodium for use during egg incubation period and higher production of the rainbow trout larvae in a water recirculation system, a completely randomize experiment was conducted. The effect of different levels of waterborne sodium (2, 14, 50 and 100 mg L-1) on eye pigmentation, hatching rates, ions (Na, K, P, Cu, and Mn) and water content of eggs in rainbow trout fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were determined. The newly fertilized eggs were introduced in water recirculation incubators as experimental units. The water temperature was between 7.5-9 °C during the incubation period. In treatments with Na+ concentration of 2 and 14 mg L-1, hatching rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatments. Increase of waterborne Na+ up to 100 mg L-1 significantly (P<0.05) decreased eye pigmentation. In all the treatments, water content (%) of egg, compared to the newly fertilized egg significantly (P<0.05) decreased at the hatching time. Egg ions content showed that the elevation of Na+ level to 14 mg L-1 motivate sodium uptake by eggs from water and highest sodium uptake occurred in treatment with [Na+] 100 mg L-1. In all the treatments, potassium uptake occurred by eggs from environmental water. Egg potassium content in [Na+] 100 mg L-1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatments. In treatments with [Na+] 50 and 100 mg L-1, prevention of Cu uptake by egg from ambient water occurred. Mn uptake by egg from water was only recorded in treatment with [Na+] 2 mg L-1. An increase in phosphorus content of the eggs was also recorded in treatments with [Na+] 50 and 100 mg L-1. It was concluded that eye pigmentation, hatching rates and ions content of rainbow trout eggs depend on the rate of waterborne sodium and concentration of 14 mg L-1 can be introduced as a standard level, for hatching the rainbow trout eggs in a water recirculation system

Keywords

Rainbow trout egg hatching rate waterborne sodium ion content

References

  • Abernathy, M.A. 2004. Effect of water hardness on the survival of rainbow sharkminnow (Epalzeorhynchos frenatum) eggs and larvae. Msc Thesis, Gainesville University of Florida. 63 pp.
  • Alderdice, D.F. 1988. Osmotic and ionic regulation in teleost eggs and larvae. In: WS, Hoar
  • Barrett, K.J., Mc Donald, D.G and O , Donnell, M.J. 2001. Changes in ion content and transport during development of embryonic rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology, 59: 1323-1335. doi: 10.1111/j.1095862001.tb00195.x
  • Bijveld, M.J.C., Van Der Velden, J.A., Kolar, Z and Flik, G. 19 Magnesium transport in freshwater teleost. Journal of Experimental Biology, 201: 1981-1990.
  • Depeche, J. and Billard, R. 1994. Embryonic in fish a review. Society France Ichthyology, Paris, 123 pp.
  • DJ Randall (Eds.) Fish Physiology. Academic Press, Sandiego, 163-251. Geertz Hansenand, P and Ramassen, G. 1994. Influence of ochre and acidification on the survival and hatching of brown trout eggs (Salmo trutta). In: R. Muller and R. Lloyd (Eds.), Chronic Effects of Pollutants on Freshwater Fish, FAO-Fishing New Books, Cambridge, 317 pp.
  • Gonzalez, R.J., Grippo, R.S and Dunson, W.A. 1990. The disruption of sodium balance in brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), by manganese and iron. Journal of Fish Biology, 37 (5): 765–774. doi: 1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb02540.x
  • Grosell, M and Wood, C.M. 2002. Copper uptake across rainbow trout gills: mechanisms of apical entry. Journal of Experimental Biology, 205: 179-188.
  • Handy, R.D., Eddy, F.B and Bainesa, H. 2002. Sodiumdependent copper uptake across epithelia: a review of rationale with experimental evidence from gill and intestine. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1566: 104–
  • Horng, J.H., Lin, L.Y., Huang, C.J., Katoh, F., Kaneko, T and Hwang, P.P. 2007. Knockdown of V-ATPase subunit A (atp6v1a) impairs acid secretion and ion balance in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 292: 2068–2076. doi: 1152/ajpregu.00578.2006
  • Hwang, P.P., Lee, T.H. and Lin, L.Y. 2011. Ion regulation in fish gills: recent progress in the cellular and molecular mechanisms. The American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 301: 28– doi:1152/ajpregu.00047.2011.
  • Kaneko, T., Shiraishi, K., Katoh, F., Hasegawa, S and Hiroi, J. 200 Chloride cells during early life stages of fish and their functional differentiation. Fisheries Science, 68(1): 1-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00382.x
  • Ketola, G.H., Longacre, D., Greulich, A., Phetterplace, L and Lashomb, R. 1988. High calcium concentration in water increases mortality of salmon and trout eggs. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 50: 129-135.
  • Kirschner, L.B. 2004. The mechanism of sodium chloride uptake in hyper regulating aquatic animals. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207: 1439–1452. doi:1242/jeb.00907
  • Lee, C.S and Hu, F. 1983. Influence of Ca and Mg ions on the egg survival of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 22: 13dio:1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb04721.x
  • Lin, Z.H., C.S and Lin, L.Y. 2010. Ammonium-dependent sodium uptake in mitochondrion-rich cells of medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 298: 237–250. doi: 1152/ajpcell.00373.2009
  • Mackareth, F.J.H., Heron, J and Talling, J.F 1978. Water Analysis: Some Revised Methods for Limnologist. No.36, Freshwater Biological Association, U.K, 119 pp.
  • Matsuo, A.Y.O., Playle, R.C., Val, A.L and Wood, C.M 200 Physiological action of dissolved organic matter in rainbow trout in the presence and absence of copper: sodium uptake kinetics and unidirectional flux rates in hard and soft water. Aquatic Toxicology, 70: 63–doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.07.005
  • Mini, A.A and Ivanova, I.P. 1996. Sodium ions affect axis formation and epiboly in fish embryos. The international Journal of developmental biology, 40: 233 - 234.
  • Moopam, M. 1983. Manaul of Oceanographic Observation and Pollution Analysis. Regional Organization for the protection of Marine Enviroment (ROPME).
  • Payne, J.A., Xu, J.C., Haas, M., Lytle, C.Y., Ward, D. and Forbush, B. 1995. Primary structure, functional expression and chromosomal localization of the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl co-transporter in human colon. Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 270: 17983-17985. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.30.17977
  • Peterson, R.H., Daye, P.G., Lacroix, G.L and Garside, E.T. 19 Reproduction in fish experiencing acid and metal stress. In: R. Johnson (Ed.), Acid Rain/Fisheries, Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society: 177-195. Shen, A.C.Y. and Leatherland, J.F. 1977. Structure of the yolk sack epithelium and gills in the early developmental stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) maintained in different ambient salinities. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 3: 345-354.
  • Sherstobitov, A.O., Lapin, A.V., Glazunov, V.V. and Nikiforov. A.A. 2004. Evidence for sodium pump and sodium – potassium – chloride co-transport in the river lamprey eggs: effects of transport and metabolic inhibitors. Physiology of Fish Eggs and Larvae Symposium proceedings, International Congress on the Biology of Fish Tropical. Manaus Brazil, August. 1-5 pp.
  • Sloman, K.A., Morgan, T.P., Mc Donald, D.G. and Wood, C.M. 2003. Socially-induced changes in sodium regulation affect the uptake of water-borne copper and silver in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 135: 393–403. doi:10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00139-X
  • Spade, S. and Bristow, B. 1999. Effects of increasing water hardness on egg diameter and hatch rates of striped bass eggs. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 61: 2632 doi:1577/15488454(1999)061<0263:EOIWHO>2.0.CO;2 Stubblefield, W.A., Brinkman, S.F., Davies, P.H., Garrison, T.D., Hockett, J.R and McIntyre, M.W. 19 Effects of water hardness on the toxicity of manganese to developing brown trout (salmo trutta). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,16(10): 2082-2089. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620161014
  • Van der velden, J.A., Spaning, F.A and Bongu, S.E. 1991. Early stages of carp (Cyprinus carpio) depend on ambient for their development. Journal of Experimental Biology, 191: 37-58.
  • Winpenny, K., Knowles, J.F and Smith, D.L. 1998. The uptake of radioactive phosphorus by brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) from water and food. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 38(2): 21l- 221. doi:1016/S0265-931X(97)00030-1
  • Wu, S.C., Horng, J.L., Liu, S.T., Hwang, P.P., Wen,

Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs

Year 2014, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, - , 07.07.2014

Mehrdad Sarkheil Gholamreza Rafiee Bagher Mojazi Amiri Mehrdad Farhangi

https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_08

Abstract

With the aim of finding the optimum concentration of waterborne sodium for use during egg incubation period and higher production of the rainbow trout larvae in a water recirculation system, a completely randomize experiment was conducted. The effect of different levels of waterborne sodium (2, 14, 50 and 100 mg L-1) on eye pigmentation, hatching rates, ions (Na, K, P, Cu, and Mn) and water content of eggs in rainbow trout fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were determined. The newly fertilized eggs were introduced in water recirculation incubators as experimental units. The water temperature was between 7.5-9 °C during the incubation period. In treatments with Na+ concentration of 2 and 14 mg L-1, hatching rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatments. Increase of waterborne Na+ up to 100 mg L-1 significantly (P<0.05) decreased eye pigmentation. In all the treatments, water content (%) of egg, compared to the newly fertilized egg significantly (P<0.05) decreased at the hatching time. Egg ions content showed that the elevation of Na+ level to 14 mg L-1 motivate sodium uptake by eggs from water and highest sodium uptake occurred in treatment with [Na+] 100 mg L-1. In all the treatments, potassium uptake occurred by eggs from environmental water. Egg potassium content in [Na+] 100 mg L-1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatments. In treatments with [Na+] 50 and 100 mg L-1, prevention of Cu uptake by egg from ambient water occurred. Mn uptake by egg from water was only recorded in treatment with [Na+] 2 mg L-1. An increase in phosphorus content of the eggs was also recorded in treatments with [Na+] 50 and 100 mg L-1. It was concluded that eye pigmentation, hatching rates and ions content of rainbow trout eggs depend on the rate of waterborne sodium and concentration of 14 mg L-1 can be introduced as a standard level, for hatching the rainbow trout eggs in a water recirculation system

Keywords

Rainbow trout egg hatching rate waterborne sodium ion content

References

  • Abernathy, M.A. 2004. Effect of water hardness on the survival of rainbow sharkminnow (Epalzeorhynchos frenatum) eggs and larvae. Msc Thesis, Gainesville University of Florida. 63 pp.
  • Alderdice, D.F. 1988. Osmotic and ionic regulation in teleost eggs and larvae. In: WS, Hoar
  • Barrett, K.J., Mc Donald, D.G and O , Donnell, M.J. 2001. Changes in ion content and transport during development of embryonic rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology, 59: 1323-1335. doi: 10.1111/j.1095862001.tb00195.x
  • Bijveld, M.J.C., Van Der Velden, J.A., Kolar, Z and Flik, G. 19 Magnesium transport in freshwater teleost. Journal of Experimental Biology, 201: 1981-1990.
  • Depeche, J. and Billard, R. 1994. Embryonic in fish a review. Society France Ichthyology, Paris, 123 pp.
  • DJ Randall (Eds.) Fish Physiology. Academic Press, Sandiego, 163-251. Geertz Hansenand, P and Ramassen, G. 1994. Influence of ochre and acidification on the survival and hatching of brown trout eggs (Salmo trutta). In: R. Muller and R. Lloyd (Eds.), Chronic Effects of Pollutants on Freshwater Fish, FAO-Fishing New Books, Cambridge, 317 pp.
  • Gonzalez, R.J., Grippo, R.S and Dunson, W.A. 1990. The disruption of sodium balance in brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), by manganese and iron. Journal of Fish Biology, 37 (5): 765–774. doi: 1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb02540.x
  • Grosell, M and Wood, C.M. 2002. Copper uptake across rainbow trout gills: mechanisms of apical entry. Journal of Experimental Biology, 205: 179-188.
  • Handy, R.D., Eddy, F.B and Bainesa, H. 2002. Sodiumdependent copper uptake across epithelia: a review of rationale with experimental evidence from gill and intestine. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1566: 104–
  • Horng, J.H., Lin, L.Y., Huang, C.J., Katoh, F., Kaneko, T and Hwang, P.P. 2007. Knockdown of V-ATPase subunit A (atp6v1a) impairs acid secretion and ion balance in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 292: 2068–2076. doi: 1152/ajpregu.00578.2006
  • Hwang, P.P., Lee, T.H. and Lin, L.Y. 2011. Ion regulation in fish gills: recent progress in the cellular and molecular mechanisms. The American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 301: 28– doi:1152/ajpregu.00047.2011.
  • Kaneko, T., Shiraishi, K., Katoh, F., Hasegawa, S and Hiroi, J. 200 Chloride cells during early life stages of fish and their functional differentiation. Fisheries Science, 68(1): 1-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00382.x
  • Ketola, G.H., Longacre, D., Greulich, A., Phetterplace, L and Lashomb, R. 1988. High calcium concentration in water increases mortality of salmon and trout eggs. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 50: 129-135.
  • Kirschner, L.B. 2004. The mechanism of sodium chloride uptake in hyper regulating aquatic animals. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207: 1439–1452. doi:1242/jeb.00907
  • Lee, C.S and Hu, F. 1983. Influence of Ca and Mg ions on the egg survival of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L. Journal of Fish Biology, 22: 13dio:1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb04721.x
  • Lin, Z.H., C.S and Lin, L.Y. 2010. Ammonium-dependent sodium uptake in mitochondrion-rich cells of medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 298: 237–250. doi: 1152/ajpcell.00373.2009
  • Mackareth, F.J.H., Heron, J and Talling, J.F 1978. Water Analysis: Some Revised Methods for Limnologist. No.36, Freshwater Biological Association, U.K, 119 pp.
  • Matsuo, A.Y.O., Playle, R.C., Val, A.L and Wood, C.M 200 Physiological action of dissolved organic matter in rainbow trout in the presence and absence of copper: sodium uptake kinetics and unidirectional flux rates in hard and soft water. Aquatic Toxicology, 70: 63–doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.07.005
  • Mini, A.A and Ivanova, I.P. 1996. Sodium ions affect axis formation and epiboly in fish embryos. The international Journal of developmental biology, 40: 233 - 234.
  • Moopam, M. 1983. Manaul of Oceanographic Observation and Pollution Analysis. Regional Organization for the protection of Marine Enviroment (ROPME).
  • Payne, J.A., Xu, J.C., Haas, M., Lytle, C.Y., Ward, D. and Forbush, B. 1995. Primary structure, functional expression and chromosomal localization of the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl co-transporter in human colon. Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 270: 17983-17985. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.30.17977
  • Peterson, R.H., Daye, P.G., Lacroix, G.L and Garside, E.T. 19 Reproduction in fish experiencing acid and metal stress. In: R. Johnson (Ed.), Acid Rain/Fisheries, Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society: 177-195. Shen, A.C.Y. and Leatherland, J.F. 1977. Structure of the yolk sack epithelium and gills in the early developmental stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) maintained in different ambient salinities. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 3: 345-354.
  • Sherstobitov, A.O., Lapin, A.V., Glazunov, V.V. and Nikiforov. A.A. 2004. Evidence for sodium pump and sodium – potassium – chloride co-transport in the river lamprey eggs: effects of transport and metabolic inhibitors. Physiology of Fish Eggs and Larvae Symposium proceedings, International Congress on the Biology of Fish Tropical. Manaus Brazil, August. 1-5 pp.
  • Sloman, K.A., Morgan, T.P., Mc Donald, D.G. and Wood, C.M. 2003. Socially-induced changes in sodium regulation affect the uptake of water-borne copper and silver in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 135: 393–403. doi:10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00139-X
  • Spade, S. and Bristow, B. 1999. Effects of increasing water hardness on egg diameter and hatch rates of striped bass eggs. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 61: 2632 doi:1577/15488454(1999)061<0263:EOIWHO>2.0.CO;2 Stubblefield, W.A., Brinkman, S.F., Davies, P.H., Garrison, T.D., Hockett, J.R and McIntyre, M.W. 19 Effects of water hardness on the toxicity of manganese to developing brown trout (salmo trutta). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,16(10): 2082-2089. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620161014
  • Van der velden, J.A., Spaning, F.A and Bongu, S.E. 1991. Early stages of carp (Cyprinus carpio) depend on ambient for their development. Journal of Experimental Biology, 191: 37-58.
  • Winpenny, K., Knowles, J.F and Smith, D.L. 1998. The uptake of radioactive phosphorus by brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) from water and food. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 38(2): 21l- 221. doi:1016/S0265-931X(97)00030-1
  • Wu, S.C., Horng, J.L., Liu, S.T., Hwang, P.P., Wen,
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehrdad Sarkheil This is me

Gholamreza Rafiee This is me

Bagher Mojazi Amiri This is me

Mehrdad Farhangi This is me

Publication Date July 7, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sarkheil, M., Rafiee, G., Amiri, B. M., Farhangi, M. (2014). Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_08
AMA Sarkheil M, Rafiee G, Amiri BM, Farhangi M. Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. February 2014;14(1). doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_08
Chicago Sarkheil, Mehrdad, Gholamreza Rafiee, Bagher Mojazi Amiri, and Mehrdad Farhangi. “Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Eggs”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 14, no. 1 (February 2014). https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_08.
EndNote Sarkheil M, Rafiee G, Amiri BM, Farhangi M (February 1, 2014) Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 14 1
IEEE M. Sarkheil, G. Rafiee, B. M. Amiri, and M. Farhangi, “Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs”, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, 2014, doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_08.
ISNAD Sarkheil, Mehrdad et al. “Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Eggs”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 14/1 (February 2014). https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_08.
JAMA Sarkheil M, Rafiee G, Amiri BM, Farhangi M. Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2014;14. doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_08.
MLA Sarkheil, Mehrdad et al. “Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Eggs”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, 2014, doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_08.
Vancouver Sarkheil M, Rafiee G, Amiri BM, Farhangi M. Effect of Different Concentrations of Waterborne Sodium on the Hatching Rate and Ions Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2014;14(1).