An Unusual Red-Tide Event of Noctiluca Scintillans (Macartney) in the Southeastern Black Sea

Year 2014, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, - , 07.07.2014

Ulgen Kopuz Ali Muzaffer Feyzioglu André Valente

https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_28

Abstract

An intense Noctiluca scintillans bloom is reported for the first time in the southeastern coast of the Black Sea. During the present study, surface water samples were collected in the vicinity of the port of Rize between 18 and 20 April 2011. The bloom appeared as a sudden increase in cell number (6.81x10 cells l) and persisted during three days. The bloom led to a red-tide event with typical streaks and patches of reddish viscous surface waters. The abundance of Noctiluca was higher than other previous reports in the Black Sea. During the bloom, sea surface temperature ranged between 9.9-11.7°C and salinity ranged between 15.04-17.7 ‰. Nitrite+nitrate, silicate and phosphate concentrations ranged between 0.59 - 7.13 μM l, 3.6910.92 μM l and 0.04-0.19 μM l, respectively. Meteorological data showed light precipitation and low wind speed before and during the red-tide, indicating a stable stratified surface environment, optimum for the red-tide initiation. Light onshore winds may have caused accumulation of cells near the coast and possibly also contributing for triggering the red-tide. The abundance of N. scintillans correlated positively with chl-a concentration (R= 0.83) and an intense bloom of diatom Melosira spp. (5x10 cells l) was found concomitantly with N. scintillans red-tide. Microscopic examination of live cells from the N. scintillans red-tide revealed the presence of high number of Melosira spp. within the N. scintillans body, confirmating its grazing on these microalgae. The occurrence of this anomalous event may indicate a shift in the planktonic food web as a result of natural variability or anthropogenic influences like eutrophication.

Keywords

Red-tide, Noctiluca scintillans, heterotophic dinoflagellate, southeastern Black Sea. Güneydoğu Karadeniz’de Olağandışı bir Noctiluca scintillans Bloomu

An Unusual Red-Tide Event of Noctiluca Scintillans (Macartney) in the Southeastern Black Sea

Abstract

Olağandışı bir Noctiluca scintillans bloomu güneydoğu Karadeniz’den ilk kez rapor edilmektedir. Çalışma esnasında yüzey suyu örnekleri 18-20 Nisan 2011 tarihleri arasında Rize Limanı ve çevresinden toplanmıştır. Hücre sayısındaki (6,81 x 106 hücre l) ani artış ile başlayan bloom üç gün sürmüştür. Liman içinde ve kıyı boyunca surface suyunda tipik yoğun toplanmalar ve kırmızımsı bantlar gözlenmiştir. Red-tide süresince denizsuyu yüzey sıcaklığı 9,9-11,7°C, tuzluluk ‰ 15,0417,7 arasında değişmiştir. Nitrit+nitrat, silikat ve fosfat konsantrasyonları ise sırasıyla 0,59- 7,13 μM l, 3,69- 10,92 μM l ve 0,04- 0,19 μM l arasında değişmiştir. Meteorolojik veri, red-tide’dan önce ve sonra hâkim olan hafif yağış ve düşük rüzgâr hızının belirlediği durgun tabakalaşmış yüzeyin red-tide’ın başlaması için uygun çevre olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca redtide’ın en yoğun olduğu periyotta kıyıdan karaya doğru esen hafif rüzgâr, hücrelerin kıyıda akümülasyonuna ve muhtemelen red-tide’nın başlamasına katkıda bulunmuş olabilir. Noctiluca bolluğu ile chl-a konsantrasyonu arasında pozitif yönlü korelasyon bulunmuştur (R= 0,83) ve liman içinde N.scintillans red-tide’ı ile eş zamanlı olarak diatom Melosira spp.’ye (5x10 hücre l) ait yoğun bir bloom tespit edilmiştir. Mikroskobik incelemeler esnasında canlı N. scintillans hücreleri içerisinde Melosira spp.’nin varlığı, N. scintillans’ın bu türler üzerinden otlandığını göstermiştir. Sıra dışı bu olayın meydana gelmesi, doğal değişimin ya da ötrofikasyon gibi antropojenik etkilerin bir sonucu olarak planktonik besin zincirinde bir değişime işaret ediyor olabilir.

Keywords

Red-tide, Noctiluca scintillans, heterotofik dinoflagellat, Güneydoğu Karadeniz.

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