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Relative Efficiencies of Artemia nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius L.)

Year 2012, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, - , 01.06.2012

Ferenc Demény Müllerné Magdolna Trenovszki Solt Sokoray-varga ãrpã¡d Hegyi Béla Urbã¡nyi Daniel żarski Bernadett ãcs Branko Miljanovi

Abstract

Effective and safe rearing of larvae of endangered fishes can be facilitated by using dry food diets being suitable for intensive culture. Accordingly, we tested the efficiency of some feeding protocols containing significantly decreased portion of live food or no life food at all in intensive rearing of crucian carp larvae Carassius carassius (L.) under controlled conditions. Based on 7 days long preliminary experiments, SDS 100 and Classic C22 were selected over Sera micron and Nutra HP 0.3 as potential components of a dry food diet. In accordance with other studies, it was found that neither of the pure dry food and mixed food diets tested proved to be as effective as the Artemia nauplii during the first 21 days of the exogenous feeding. Although, the survival rate of larvae could be maintained at high level in some of the protocols tested, a strong decrease in the growth rate was obvious in all diets containing dry food. It was concluded that crucian carp larvae adapt poorly to commercial dry foods, and thus if large larvae of good fitness are needed (i.e. for stockings to natural habitats) then they should be reared on live food diet.

Keywords

Dry food diet growth rate intensive rearing larviculture survival rate

References

  • Abiayad, A. and Kestemont, P. 1994. Comparison of the nutritional status of goldŞsh (Carassius auratus) larvae fed with live, mixed or dry diet. Aquaculture, 128: 163—176. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90111—2
  • Bânârescu, P. 1993. Considerations on the threatened freshwater Şshes of Europe. Ocrotirea Naturii si a Mediului İnconjurâtor, Bucuresti, 37: 87-98.
  • Bânârescu, P. 1994. The present-day conservation status of the freshwater Şsh fauna of Romania. Ocrotirea Naturii şi a Mediului İnconjurâtor, Bucuresti, 38: 5- 20.
  • Copp, G.H., Warrington, S. and Wesley, K.]. 2008. Management of an ornamental pond as a conservation site for a threatened native Şsh species, crucian carp Carassius carassius. Hydrobiologia, 597: 149-155. doi: 10.1007/s10750-007-9220-0
  • Demény, F., Levai, T., Zöldi, L.G., Fazekas, G., Hegyi, A., Urbânyi, B. and Müller, T. 2009. Különbözö takarmânyok hatâsa a re'ti esik (Misgurrıus fossilis) lârvâk novekede’sere e’s megmaradâsâra intenziv körülme'nyek között. Halâszat, 102: 150-156. (in Hungarian).
  • Hântling, B., Bolton, P., Harley, M. and Carvalho, G.R. 2005. A molecular approach to detect hybridisation between crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and non- indigenous carp species (Carassius spp. and Cyprinus carpio). Freshwater Biology, 50: 403—417. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01330.x
  • Houde, E.D. 1996. Evaluating stage-speciŞc survival during the early life of Şsh. In: Y. Watanabe, Y. Yamashita, and Y. Oozeki (Eds.), Survival strategies in early life stages of marine resources. AA. Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield: 51-66.
  • IUCN, 2011. IUCN Red list of threatened species. Version 2011.2. http:/lwww.iucnredlist.org (accessed January 27, 2012).
  • Kaiser, H., Endemann, F. and Paulet, T.G. 2003. A comparison of artiŞcial and natural foods and their combinations in the rearing of goldŞsh, Carassius auratus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 34: 943-950. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00948.x
  • Kestemont, P. 1995. Inşuence of feed supply, temperature and body size on the growth of goldŞsh Carassius auratus larvae. Aquaculture, 136: 341-349. doi:10.1016/0044—8486(95)00060-7
  • Krejszeff, S., Stepniak, P., Kucharczyk, D., Mamcarz, A., Kujawa, R. and Targor'ıska, K. 2008. Mass rearing of goldŞsh larvae and juveniles under controlled conditions. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 11(1): article 02.
  • Krejszeff, S., Zarski, D., Kucharczyk, D., Kupren, K., Targor'ıska, K. and Mamcarz, A. 2010. An experimental device for eggs incubation and larvae rearing under laboratory conditions. Polish Journal of Natural Science, 25: 190-199. doi: 10.2478/v10020- 010-0016-8
  • Kujawa, R., Kucharczyk, D., Mamcarz, A., Jamröz, M., Kwiatkowski, M., Targor'ıska, K. and Zarski, D. 2010. Impact of supplementing natural feed with dry diets on the growth and survival of larval asp, Aspius aspius (L), and nase, Chondrostoma nasus (L). Archives of Polish Fisheries, 18: 13—23. doi: 10.2478/v10086-010-0002-3
  • Kwiatkowski, M., Zarski, D., Kucharczyk, D., Kupren, K., Jamröz, M., Targor'ıska, K., Krejszeff, S., Hakué- BlaZowska, A., Kujawa, R. and Mamcarz, A. 2008. Inşuence of feeding natural and formulated diets on chosen rheophilic cyprinid larvae. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 16: 383-396. doi: 10.2478/s10086-008- 0026-0
  • Luskovâ, V., Bartor'ıovâ, E. and Lusk, S. 2008. Karas obecny Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758 v minulosti obecne rozsireny a v souöasnosti ohroieny druh V Ceske republice. Biodiverzita ichtyofauny Ğeske' republiky (VII). Üstav biologie obratlovcü AV CR, v.v.i, 2008, Brno. (in Czech).
  • Mamcarz, A., Targor’ıska, K., Kucharczyk, D., Kujawa, R. and Zarski, D. 2011. Effect of live and dry food on rearing of tench (Tinca tinca L.) larvae under controlled conditions. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 10: 42-46. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e9
  • Mrakovöiö, M., Buj, I., MustaŞé, P., Ğaleta, M. and Zanella, D. 2007. Croatian Red List: Freshwater Şsh. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagreb.
  • Müller, T., Csorbai, B. and Urbânyi, B. 2007. A szeles kârâsz - Carassius carassius — szaporitâsa es nevele'se a tenneszetesvizi âllomânyok fenntartâsa e's megerösite'se erdekeben. Pisces Hungarici, 2: 73-82. (in Hungarian).
  • Myszkowski, L., Kaminski, R., Quiros, M., Stanny, L.A. and Wolnicki, J. 2002. Dry diet inşuenced growth, size variability, condition and body deformities in juvenile crucian carp Carassius carassius L., reared under controlled condition. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 10: 51—61.
  • Radünz—Neto, J., Cormze, G., Charlon, N. and Bergot, P. 1994. Lipid supplementation of casein-based puriŞed diets for carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae. Aquaculture, 128: 153-161. doi: 10.1016/0044- 8486(94)90110-4
  • Sayer, C.D., Copp, G.H., Emson, D., Godard, M.J., Zieba, G. and Wesley, K.J. 2011. Towards the conservation of crucian carp Carassius carassius: understanding the extent and causes of decline Within parts of its native English range. Journal of Fish Biology, 79: 1608-1624. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03059.x
  • Skrzypczak, A. and Marncarz, A. 2005. Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L.), in the Şshery exploited lakes of Northeastern Poland in 1951-1994. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Piscaria, 4: 89—100.
  • Sogard, S.M. 1997. Size-selective mortality in the juvenile stage of teleost Şshes: a review. Bulletin of Marine Science, 60: 1129-1157.
  • Targor'ıska, K., Zarski, D., Krejszeff, S. and Kucharczyk, D. 2009. Artificial reproduction of crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L) preliminary results. Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim, Norway: 602— 603.
  • Tarkan, A.S., Copp, G.H., Zieba, G., Godart, M.J. and Cucherousset, J. 2009. Growth and reproduction of threatened native crucian carp Carassius carassius in small ponds of Epping Forest, south—east England. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 19: 797—805. doi: 10.1002/aqc.1105
  • Wheeler, A. 2000. Status of the crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L.), in the UK. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 7: 315—322. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2400.2000.007004315.x
  • Wolfram, G. and Mikschi, E. 2007. Rote Liste der Fische (Pisces) Österreichs. In: K.P. Zulka (Ed.), Rote Liste gefâhrdeter Tiere Österreichs, Teil 2. Grüne Reihe des Lebensministeriums Band 14/2.Böh1au-Ver1ag, Wien, Köln, Weimar: 61-198.
  • Wolnicki, J. 2005. Intensywny podchow wczesnych stadiow ryb karpiowatych w warunkach kontrolowanych. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 13 (1): 5—87. (in Polish).
  • Wolnicki, J. and Gömy, W. 1995a. Controlled rearing of ide (Leuciscus idus L.) larvae using live food and dry feed. Aquaculture, 129: 255—256. doi: 10.1016/0044— 8486(95)91977-4
  • Wolnicki, J. and Gérny, W. 1995b. Suitability of two commercial dry diets for intensive rearing of larval tench (Tinca tinca L.) under controlled conditions. Aquaculture, 129: 256—258. doi: 10.1016/0044- 8486(95)91978-5
  • Wolnicki, J. and Gömy, W. 19950. Survival and growth of larval and juvenile barbel (Barbus barbus L.) reared under controlled conditions. Aquaculture, 129: 258- 259. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(95)91979-6
  • Wolnicki, J., Kaminski, R. and Myszkowski, L. 2003. Survival, growth and condition of tench Tinca tinca (L.) larvae fed live food for 12, 18 or 24 h a day under controlled conditions. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 19: 146-148. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00461.x
  • Wolnicki, J., Sikorska, J. and Kaminski, R. 2009. Response of larval and juvenile rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) to different diets under controlled conditions. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 54: 331-337.
  • Zarski, D., Targor'ıska, K., Krejszeff, S., Kwiatkowski, M., Kupren, K. and Kucharczyk, D. 2011. Inşuence of stocking density and type of feed on the rearing of crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L.), larvae under controlled conditions. Aquaculture International, 19: 1105-1117. doi: 10.1007/s10499-011-9427-y

Relative Efficiencies of Artemia nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius L.)

Year 2012, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, - , 01.06.2012

Ferenc Demény Müllerné Magdolna Trenovszki Solt Sokoray-varga ãrpã¡d Hegyi Béla Urbã¡nyi Daniel żarski Bernadett ãcs Branko Miljanovi

Abstract

Effective and safe rearing of larvae of endangered fishes can be facilitated by using dry food diets being suitable for intensive culture. Accordingly, we tested the efficiency of some feeding protocols containing significantly decreased portion of live food or no life food at all in intensive rearing of crucian carp larvae Carassius carassius (L.) under controlled conditions. Based on 7 days long preliminary experiments, SDS 100 and Classic C22 were selected over Sera micron and Nutra HP 0.3 as potential components of a dry food diet. In accordance with other studies, it was found that neither of the pure dry food and mixed food diets tested proved to be as effective as the Artemia nauplii during the first 21 days of the exogenous feeding. Although, the survival rate of larvae could be maintained at high level in some of the protocols tested, a strong decrease in the growth rate was obvious in all diets containing dry food. It was concluded that crucian carp larvae adapt poorly to commercial dry foods, and thus if large larvae of good fitness are needed (i.e. for stockings to natural habitats) then they should be reared on live food diet.

Keywords

Dry food diet growth rate intensive rearing larviculture survival rate

References

  • Abiayad, A. and Kestemont, P. 1994. Comparison of the nutritional status of goldŞsh (Carassius auratus) larvae fed with live, mixed or dry diet. Aquaculture, 128: 163—176. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90111—2
  • Bânârescu, P. 1993. Considerations on the threatened freshwater Şshes of Europe. Ocrotirea Naturii si a Mediului İnconjurâtor, Bucuresti, 37: 87-98.
  • Bânârescu, P. 1994. The present-day conservation status of the freshwater Şsh fauna of Romania. Ocrotirea Naturii şi a Mediului İnconjurâtor, Bucuresti, 38: 5- 20.
  • Copp, G.H., Warrington, S. and Wesley, K.]. 2008. Management of an ornamental pond as a conservation site for a threatened native Şsh species, crucian carp Carassius carassius. Hydrobiologia, 597: 149-155. doi: 10.1007/s10750-007-9220-0
  • Demény, F., Levai, T., Zöldi, L.G., Fazekas, G., Hegyi, A., Urbânyi, B. and Müller, T. 2009. Különbözö takarmânyok hatâsa a re'ti esik (Misgurrıus fossilis) lârvâk novekede’sere e’s megmaradâsâra intenziv körülme'nyek között. Halâszat, 102: 150-156. (in Hungarian).
  • Hântling, B., Bolton, P., Harley, M. and Carvalho, G.R. 2005. A molecular approach to detect hybridisation between crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and non- indigenous carp species (Carassius spp. and Cyprinus carpio). Freshwater Biology, 50: 403—417. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01330.x
  • Houde, E.D. 1996. Evaluating stage-speciŞc survival during the early life of Şsh. In: Y. Watanabe, Y. Yamashita, and Y. Oozeki (Eds.), Survival strategies in early life stages of marine resources. AA. Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield: 51-66.
  • IUCN, 2011. IUCN Red list of threatened species. Version 2011.2. http:/lwww.iucnredlist.org (accessed January 27, 2012).
  • Kaiser, H., Endemann, F. and Paulet, T.G. 2003. A comparison of artiŞcial and natural foods and their combinations in the rearing of goldŞsh, Carassius auratus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 34: 943-950. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00948.x
  • Kestemont, P. 1995. Inşuence of feed supply, temperature and body size on the growth of goldŞsh Carassius auratus larvae. Aquaculture, 136: 341-349. doi:10.1016/0044—8486(95)00060-7
  • Krejszeff, S., Stepniak, P., Kucharczyk, D., Mamcarz, A., Kujawa, R. and Targor'ıska, K. 2008. Mass rearing of goldŞsh larvae and juveniles under controlled conditions. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 11(1): article 02.
  • Krejszeff, S., Zarski, D., Kucharczyk, D., Kupren, K., Targor'ıska, K. and Mamcarz, A. 2010. An experimental device for eggs incubation and larvae rearing under laboratory conditions. Polish Journal of Natural Science, 25: 190-199. doi: 10.2478/v10020- 010-0016-8
  • Kujawa, R., Kucharczyk, D., Mamcarz, A., Jamröz, M., Kwiatkowski, M., Targor'ıska, K. and Zarski, D. 2010. Impact of supplementing natural feed with dry diets on the growth and survival of larval asp, Aspius aspius (L), and nase, Chondrostoma nasus (L). Archives of Polish Fisheries, 18: 13—23. doi: 10.2478/v10086-010-0002-3
  • Kwiatkowski, M., Zarski, D., Kucharczyk, D., Kupren, K., Jamröz, M., Targor'ıska, K., Krejszeff, S., Hakué- BlaZowska, A., Kujawa, R. and Mamcarz, A. 2008. Inşuence of feeding natural and formulated diets on chosen rheophilic cyprinid larvae. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 16: 383-396. doi: 10.2478/s10086-008- 0026-0
  • Luskovâ, V., Bartor'ıovâ, E. and Lusk, S. 2008. Karas obecny Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758 v minulosti obecne rozsireny a v souöasnosti ohroieny druh V Ceske republice. Biodiverzita ichtyofauny Ğeske' republiky (VII). Üstav biologie obratlovcü AV CR, v.v.i, 2008, Brno. (in Czech).
  • Mamcarz, A., Targor’ıska, K., Kucharczyk, D., Kujawa, R. and Zarski, D. 2011. Effect of live and dry food on rearing of tench (Tinca tinca L.) larvae under controlled conditions. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 10: 42-46. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e9
  • Mrakovöiö, M., Buj, I., MustaŞé, P., Ğaleta, M. and Zanella, D. 2007. Croatian Red List: Freshwater Şsh. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagreb.
  • Müller, T., Csorbai, B. and Urbânyi, B. 2007. A szeles kârâsz - Carassius carassius — szaporitâsa es nevele'se a tenneszetesvizi âllomânyok fenntartâsa e's megerösite'se erdekeben. Pisces Hungarici, 2: 73-82. (in Hungarian).
  • Myszkowski, L., Kaminski, R., Quiros, M., Stanny, L.A. and Wolnicki, J. 2002. Dry diet inşuenced growth, size variability, condition and body deformities in juvenile crucian carp Carassius carassius L., reared under controlled condition. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 10: 51—61.
  • Radünz—Neto, J., Cormze, G., Charlon, N. and Bergot, P. 1994. Lipid supplementation of casein-based puriŞed diets for carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae. Aquaculture, 128: 153-161. doi: 10.1016/0044- 8486(94)90110-4
  • Sayer, C.D., Copp, G.H., Emson, D., Godard, M.J., Zieba, G. and Wesley, K.J. 2011. Towards the conservation of crucian carp Carassius carassius: understanding the extent and causes of decline Within parts of its native English range. Journal of Fish Biology, 79: 1608-1624. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03059.x
  • Skrzypczak, A. and Marncarz, A. 2005. Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L.), in the Şshery exploited lakes of Northeastern Poland in 1951-1994. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Piscaria, 4: 89—100.
  • Sogard, S.M. 1997. Size-selective mortality in the juvenile stage of teleost Şshes: a review. Bulletin of Marine Science, 60: 1129-1157.
  • Targor'ıska, K., Zarski, D., Krejszeff, S. and Kucharczyk, D. 2009. Artificial reproduction of crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L) preliminary results. Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim, Norway: 602— 603.
  • Tarkan, A.S., Copp, G.H., Zieba, G., Godart, M.J. and Cucherousset, J. 2009. Growth and reproduction of threatened native crucian carp Carassius carassius in small ponds of Epping Forest, south—east England. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 19: 797—805. doi: 10.1002/aqc.1105
  • Wheeler, A. 2000. Status of the crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L.), in the UK. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 7: 315—322. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2400.2000.007004315.x
  • Wolfram, G. and Mikschi, E. 2007. Rote Liste der Fische (Pisces) Österreichs. In: K.P. Zulka (Ed.), Rote Liste gefâhrdeter Tiere Österreichs, Teil 2. Grüne Reihe des Lebensministeriums Band 14/2.Böh1au-Ver1ag, Wien, Köln, Weimar: 61-198.
  • Wolnicki, J. 2005. Intensywny podchow wczesnych stadiow ryb karpiowatych w warunkach kontrolowanych. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 13 (1): 5—87. (in Polish).
  • Wolnicki, J. and Gömy, W. 1995a. Controlled rearing of ide (Leuciscus idus L.) larvae using live food and dry feed. Aquaculture, 129: 255—256. doi: 10.1016/0044— 8486(95)91977-4
  • Wolnicki, J. and Gérny, W. 1995b. Suitability of two commercial dry diets for intensive rearing of larval tench (Tinca tinca L.) under controlled conditions. Aquaculture, 129: 256—258. doi: 10.1016/0044- 8486(95)91978-5
  • Wolnicki, J. and Gömy, W. 19950. Survival and growth of larval and juvenile barbel (Barbus barbus L.) reared under controlled conditions. Aquaculture, 129: 258- 259. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(95)91979-6
  • Wolnicki, J., Kaminski, R. and Myszkowski, L. 2003. Survival, growth and condition of tench Tinca tinca (L.) larvae fed live food for 12, 18 or 24 h a day under controlled conditions. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 19: 146-148. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00461.x
  • Wolnicki, J., Sikorska, J. and Kaminski, R. 2009. Response of larval and juvenile rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) to different diets under controlled conditions. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 54: 331-337.
  • Zarski, D., Targor'ıska, K., Krejszeff, S., Kwiatkowski, M., Kupren, K. and Kucharczyk, D. 2011. Inşuence of stocking density and type of feed on the rearing of crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L.), larvae under controlled conditions. Aquaculture International, 19: 1105-1117. doi: 10.1007/s10499-011-9427-y
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferenc Demény This is me

Müllerné Magdolna Trenovszki This is me

Solt Sokoray-varga This is me

ãrpã¡d Hegyi This is me

Béla Urbã¡nyi This is me

Daniel żarski This is me

Bernadett ãcs This is me

Branko Miljanovi This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Demény, F., Trenovszki, M. M., Sokoray-varga, S., Hegyi, ã., et al. (2012). Relative Efficiencies of Artemia nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12(3).
AMA Demény F, Trenovszki MM, Sokoray-varga S, Hegyi ã, Urbã¡nyi B, żarski D, ãcs B, Miljanovi B. Relative Efficiencies of Artemia nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. June 2012;12(3).
Chicago Demény, Ferenc, Müllerné Magdolna Trenovszki, Solt Sokoray-varga, ãrpã¡d Hegyi, Béla Urbã¡nyi, Daniel żarski, Bernadett ãcs, and Branko Miljanovi. “Relative Efficiencies of Artemia Nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius Carassius L.)”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12, no. 3 (June 2012).
EndNote Demény F, Trenovszki MM, Sokoray-varga S, Hegyi ã, Urbã¡nyi B, żarski D, ãcs B, Miljanovi B (June 1, 2012) Relative Efficiencies of Artemia nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12 3
IEEE F. Demény, M. M. Trenovszki, S. Sokoray-varga, ã. Hegyi, B. Urbã¡nyi, D. żarski, B. ãcs, and B. Miljanovi, “Relative Efficiencies of Artemia nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius L.)”, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 12, no. 3, 2012.
ISNAD Demény, Ferenc et al. “Relative Efficiencies of Artemia Nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius Carassius L.)”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12/3 (June 2012).
JAMA Demény F, Trenovszki MM, Sokoray-varga S, Hegyi ã, Urbã¡nyi B, żarski D, ãcs B, Miljanovi B. Relative Efficiencies of Artemia nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2012;12.
MLA Demény, Ferenc et al. “Relative Efficiencies of Artemia Nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius Carassius L.)”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 12, no. 3, 2012.
Vancouver Demény F, Trenovszki MM, Sokoray-varga S, Hegyi ã, Urbã¡nyi B, żarski D, ãcs B, Miljanovi B. Relative Efficiencies of Artemia nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in İntensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2012;12(3).