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Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)

Year 2012, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 315 - 322, 01.04.2012

Caner Enver Özyurt Sinan Mavruk Volkan Barış Kiyağa

Abstract

This study examines temporal changes and predator size-dependent changes in the important dietary groups and feeding intensity of pikeperch Sander lucioperca. Monthly experimental fishing operations were conducted for sampling purposes using gillnets with different mesh sizes between July 2009 and June 2010. The results showed significant changes in the important dietary items as a function of predator size. Diptera and mysids were the most important groups for pikeperch smaller than 19 cm, whereas fish were most important for pikeperch larger than 19 cm. The important dietary items also varied significantly over time. The most important dietary groups were mysids during December, January and February; diptera during March and April; and teleosts during the other months. The feeding intensity of pikeperch peaks in October and March and then progressively decreases between October and February. The decrease in feeding intensity was related to the reproductive period.

Keywords

Pikeperch diet mysids diptera cannibalism

References

  • Alpar, R. 2003. Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemlere Giriş 1. Nobel, Ankara, 411 pp.
  • Argiller, C., Barral, M. and Irz, P. 2003. Growth and diet of the pikeperch Sander lucı'operca (L.) ın two french reservoirs. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 11: 99-1 14.
  • Balık, İ. 1999. The feeding features of the pike-perch (Stı'zostedion lucioperca) population in Lake Beyşehir. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23: 189-194.
  • Balık, İ., Çubuk, H., Karaşahin, B., özkök, R., Uysal, R. and Alp, A. 2006. Food and feeding habits of the pikeperch Sander lucı'operca (Linnaeus, 1758), population from Lake Eğirdir (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30: 19-26.
  • Becer, Z.A. and lkiz, R. 1996. Eğirdir Gölündeki sudak (Stı'zostedion lucioperca L., 1758) populasyonunun mide içerikleri. XIII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, İstanbul.
  • Becer, Z.A. 2007. Karacaören-I Baraj Gölü’ndeki sudak Sander lucioperca (L., 1758) populasyonunun besin ve beslenme özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2- 3: 1-11.
  • Berg, J. 1979. Discussion of methods of investigating the food of Şshes with reference to a preliminary study of the prey of Gobiusculus şavescens (Gobiidae). Marine Biology, 50: 263—273. doi: 10.1007/BF00394208
  • Brabrand, A. and Faafeng, B. 1993. Habitat shift in roach (Rutilus rutilus) induced by pikeperch (Stizostedı'on lucı'operca) introduction: predation risk versus pelagic behaviour. Oecologia, 95: 38—46.
  • Caınpell, R.N.B. 1992. Food of an introduced population of pikeperch, Stizestedı'on lucioperca L., in lake Eğirdir, Turkey. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 23: 71-85.
  • Dömer, H., Hülsmann, S., Hölker, F., Skov, C. and Wagner, A. 2007. Size dependent predator-prey relationship between pikeperch and their prey Şsh. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 16: 307-314. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00223.x
  • Dulöiö, J. 1996. Food and feeding habits of the damselfısh, Chromı's chromı's (Teleostei: Pomacentidae) in the Eastern Adriatic. Annales for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies, 96: 31-38.
  • Elshoud-Oldenhave, M.J.W. 1979. Prey capture in the pikeperch, Stizostedı'on lucı'operca, (Teleostei, Percidae): A structural and functional analysis. Zoomorphologie, 93: 1—32. doi: 10.1007/BF02568672
  • Erm, V. 1976. On the factors determining pikeperch year- class strength in the Pârnu Bay. Rybokhozyaj stvennye assledovaniya BaltNIIRH, 12: 51—58.
  • Fordham, S.E. and Trippel, EA. 1999. Feeding behaviour of cod (Godus momha) in relation to spawning. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 15: 1-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0426.1999.00098.x
  • Gibson, R.N. and Ezzi, I.A. 1978. The biology of scottish population of fries’ goby Lesueurigobı'us friessi. Journal of Fish Biology, 17: 371—389. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04181.x
  • Golikatte, R.G. and Bhat, U.G. 2011. Food and feeding habits of the WhipŞn silver biddy gerres Şlamentotus from sharavati estuary, Central West Coast of India. World Journal of Science and Technology, 1: 29-33.
  • Hacunda, J.S. 1981. Trophic relationships demersal Şshes in coastal area of the gulf of Main. Fisheries Bulletin, 79: 775-788.
  • Hyslop, E.J. 1980. Stomach contents analysis a review of methods and their application. Journal of Fish Biology, 17: 411—429. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02775.x
  • Jardas, I., Santiö, M. and Pallaoro, A. 2004. Diet composition and feeding intensity of horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) in the eastern Adriatic. Marine Biology, 144: 1051-1056. doi: 10.1007/s00227-003-1281-7
  • Jardas, I. and Pallaoro, A. 1991. Food and feeding habits of black scorpionŞsh (Scopaerıa porcus L. 1758) (Pisces: Scorpaenidae) along the Adriatic coast. Acta Adriatica, 32: 885-888.
  • Jennings, S. Kaiser, M.J. and Reynolds, J.D. 2001. Marine Fisheries Ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 417 PP
  • Kangur, A. and Kangur, P. 1998. Diet composition and size- related changes in the feeding of pikeperch, Stizostedı'orı lucioperca (Percidae) and pike, Esox lucı'us (Esocidae) in the Lake Peipsi (Estonia). Italian Journal of Zoology, 65(1): 255-259. doi: 10.1080/11250009809386828
  • Keskinen, T. 2008. Feeding ecology and behaviour of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), in boreal lakes. Jyvâskylâ Studies in Biological and Environmental Studies. Jyvâskylâ University Printing House, Jyvâskylâ, 54 pp.
  • Lappalainen, J., Olin, M. and Vinni, M. 2006. Pikeperch cannibalism: effects of abundance, size and condition. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 43: 35-44.
  • Lehtonen, H., Hansson, S. and Winkler, H. 1996. Biology and exploitation of pikeperch (Stizostediorı lucioperca L.) in the Baltic Sea area. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 33: 525-535.
  • Link, S.]. and Almeida, P.F. 2000. An overview and history of the food web dynamics program of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE, 159: 1—60.
  • Magnehagen, C. 2006. Risk—taking behaviour in foraging young-of—the-year perch varies with population size structure. Oecologia, 147: 734-743. doi: 10.1007/s00442-005-0302-2
  • Marshall, S. and Elliott, M. 1997. A comparison of univariete and multivariete numerical and graphical techniques for determining inter- and intraspesiŞc feeding relationships in estuarine Şsh. Journal of Fish Biology, 51: 526-545. doi: 10.1111/j.1095- 8649.1997.tb01510.x
  • Nikolskii, G.V. 1969. Theory of Şsh population dynamics as the biological background for rational exploitation and management of Şshery resources. Oliver and Boyd-Edinburgh, 323 pp.
  • Olson, M.H. 1996. Predator—prey interactions in size- structured Şsh communities: implications of prey growth. Oecologia, 108: 757-763. doi: 10.1007/BF00329052
  • Ozyurt, C.E. 2000. Seyhan baraj gölü sazan (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) ve sudakları Sander lucioperca (Bogustkaya and Naseka, 1996) için uygun ag göz genişliğinin belirlenmesi. MSc thesis. Adana: Çukurova University.
  • Özyurt, C.E., Kiyaga, V.B., Mavruk, S. and Akamca E. 2011. Spawning, Maturity Length and Size Selectivity for Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in Seyhan Dam Lake. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,10: 545-551. doi :10.3923/javaa.2011.545.551
  • Peltonen, H., Rita, H. and Ruuhijârvi, J. 1996. Diet and prey selection of pikeperch (Stizostediorı lucioperca) in Lake Vesijârvi analysed with a logit model. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 33: 481-487.
  • Persson, L., Andersson, J., Wahlström, E. and Eklöv, P. 1996. Size-speciŞc interactions in lake system: Predator gape limitation and prey growth rate and mortality. Ecology, 77: 900—911. doi: 10.2307/2265510
  • Sâisâ, M., Salminen, M., Koljonen, M.L. and Ruuhıjârvi, J. 2010. Coastal and freshwater pikeperch Sander lucioperca populations differ genetically in the Baltic Sea basin. Hereditas, 147: 205—214. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2010.02184.x
  • Salonen, S., Helminen, H. and Sarvala, J. 1996. Feasibility of controlling coarse fish populations through pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) stocking in lake Köyliönj ârvi, SW Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 33: 451-457.
  • Sirotenko, M. and Istomin, A. 1978. Seasonal variotions in the feeding of the Black Sea Trachurus mediterrarıeus ponticus Aleev. ]omal of Ihthyology, 18: 424-431.
  • Smith, P.A., Leah, R.T. and Eaton, J.W. 1996. Removal of pikeperch (Stı'zosterdiorı lucioperca) from a British Canal as a management technique to reduce impact on prey fish populations. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 33: 537-545.
  • Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.]. 1969. Biometry, the principles and practise of statics in biological research. W. H. Freeman and Company. USA, 776 pp.
  • Thiel, R. 1987. Untersuchungen zur Nahrungsselektivitât juveniler Barsche (Perca fluvı'atilis L.) und Zander (Stı'zostedion lucioperca L.). Wissenschafliche Zeitschrift der Wilhelm-Pieck-Universitât Rostock, 36: 46-49.
  • Turesson, H., Persson, A. and Brönmark, C. 2002. Prey size selection in piscivorious pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) includes active prey choice. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 11: 223-233. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00019.x
  • Ulltang, 0. 1996. Stock assessment and biological knowledge: Can prediction uncertainty be reduced? ICES J. Mar. Sci. 53:659— 675. doi: 10.1006/jmsc.1996.0086
  • Vehanen, T., Hyvârinen, P. and Huusko, A. 1998. Food consumption and prey orientation of piscivorous brown trout (Salmo trutta) and pikeperch (Stı'zostedion lucioperca) in a large regulated lake. Journal of Applied Ichtyology, 14: 15-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.1998.tb00608.x
  • Wootton, R.] . 1990. Ecology of teleost Şshes. Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 404 pp.
  • Yilmaz, M. and Ablak, Ö. 2003. The Feeding Behavior of Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L., 1758)) Living in Hirfanlı Dam Lake. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 27(3): 1159-1165.

Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)

Year 2012, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 315 - 322, 01.04.2012

Caner Enver Özyurt Sinan Mavruk Volkan Barış Kiyağa

Abstract

This study examines temporal changes and predator size-dependent changes in the important dietary groups and feeding intensity of pikeperch Sander lucioperca. Monthly experimental fishing operations were conducted for sampling purposes using gillnets with different mesh sizes between July 2009 and June 2010. The results showed significant changes in the important dietary items as a function of predator size. Diptera and mysids were the most important groups for pikeperch smaller than 19 cm, whereas fish were most important for pikeperch larger than 19 cm. The important dietary items also varied significantly over time. The most important dietary groups were mysids during December, January and February; diptera during March and April; and teleosts during the other months. The feeding intensity of pikeperch peaks in October and March and then progressively decreases between October and February. The decrease in feeding intensity was related to the reproductive period.

Keywords

Pikeperch diet mysids diptera cannibalism

References

  • Alpar, R. 2003. Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemlere Giriş 1. Nobel, Ankara, 411 pp.
  • Argiller, C., Barral, M. and Irz, P. 2003. Growth and diet of the pikeperch Sander lucı'operca (L.) ın two french reservoirs. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 11: 99-1 14.
  • Balık, İ. 1999. The feeding features of the pike-perch (Stı'zostedion lucioperca) population in Lake Beyşehir. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23: 189-194.
  • Balık, İ., Çubuk, H., Karaşahin, B., özkök, R., Uysal, R. and Alp, A. 2006. Food and feeding habits of the pikeperch Sander lucı'operca (Linnaeus, 1758), population from Lake Eğirdir (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30: 19-26.
  • Becer, Z.A. and lkiz, R. 1996. Eğirdir Gölündeki sudak (Stı'zostedion lucioperca L., 1758) populasyonunun mide içerikleri. XIII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, İstanbul.
  • Becer, Z.A. 2007. Karacaören-I Baraj Gölü’ndeki sudak Sander lucioperca (L., 1758) populasyonunun besin ve beslenme özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2- 3: 1-11.
  • Berg, J. 1979. Discussion of methods of investigating the food of Şshes with reference to a preliminary study of the prey of Gobiusculus şavescens (Gobiidae). Marine Biology, 50: 263—273. doi: 10.1007/BF00394208
  • Brabrand, A. and Faafeng, B. 1993. Habitat shift in roach (Rutilus rutilus) induced by pikeperch (Stizostedı'on lucı'operca) introduction: predation risk versus pelagic behaviour. Oecologia, 95: 38—46.
  • Caınpell, R.N.B. 1992. Food of an introduced population of pikeperch, Stizestedı'on lucioperca L., in lake Eğirdir, Turkey. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 23: 71-85.
  • Dömer, H., Hülsmann, S., Hölker, F., Skov, C. and Wagner, A. 2007. Size dependent predator-prey relationship between pikeperch and their prey Şsh. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 16: 307-314. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00223.x
  • Dulöiö, J. 1996. Food and feeding habits of the damselfısh, Chromı's chromı's (Teleostei: Pomacentidae) in the Eastern Adriatic. Annales for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies, 96: 31-38.
  • Elshoud-Oldenhave, M.J.W. 1979. Prey capture in the pikeperch, Stizostedı'on lucı'operca, (Teleostei, Percidae): A structural and functional analysis. Zoomorphologie, 93: 1—32. doi: 10.1007/BF02568672
  • Erm, V. 1976. On the factors determining pikeperch year- class strength in the Pârnu Bay. Rybokhozyaj stvennye assledovaniya BaltNIIRH, 12: 51—58.
  • Fordham, S.E. and Trippel, EA. 1999. Feeding behaviour of cod (Godus momha) in relation to spawning. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 15: 1-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0426.1999.00098.x
  • Gibson, R.N. and Ezzi, I.A. 1978. The biology of scottish population of fries’ goby Lesueurigobı'us friessi. Journal of Fish Biology, 17: 371—389. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04181.x
  • Golikatte, R.G. and Bhat, U.G. 2011. Food and feeding habits of the WhipŞn silver biddy gerres Şlamentotus from sharavati estuary, Central West Coast of India. World Journal of Science and Technology, 1: 29-33.
  • Hacunda, J.S. 1981. Trophic relationships demersal Şshes in coastal area of the gulf of Main. Fisheries Bulletin, 79: 775-788.
  • Hyslop, E.J. 1980. Stomach contents analysis a review of methods and their application. Journal of Fish Biology, 17: 411—429. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02775.x
  • Jardas, I., Santiö, M. and Pallaoro, A. 2004. Diet composition and feeding intensity of horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) in the eastern Adriatic. Marine Biology, 144: 1051-1056. doi: 10.1007/s00227-003-1281-7
  • Jardas, I. and Pallaoro, A. 1991. Food and feeding habits of black scorpionŞsh (Scopaerıa porcus L. 1758) (Pisces: Scorpaenidae) along the Adriatic coast. Acta Adriatica, 32: 885-888.
  • Jennings, S. Kaiser, M.J. and Reynolds, J.D. 2001. Marine Fisheries Ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 417 PP
  • Kangur, A. and Kangur, P. 1998. Diet composition and size- related changes in the feeding of pikeperch, Stizostedı'orı lucioperca (Percidae) and pike, Esox lucı'us (Esocidae) in the Lake Peipsi (Estonia). Italian Journal of Zoology, 65(1): 255-259. doi: 10.1080/11250009809386828
  • Keskinen, T. 2008. Feeding ecology and behaviour of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), in boreal lakes. Jyvâskylâ Studies in Biological and Environmental Studies. Jyvâskylâ University Printing House, Jyvâskylâ, 54 pp.
  • Lappalainen, J., Olin, M. and Vinni, M. 2006. Pikeperch cannibalism: effects of abundance, size and condition. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 43: 35-44.
  • Lehtonen, H., Hansson, S. and Winkler, H. 1996. Biology and exploitation of pikeperch (Stizostediorı lucioperca L.) in the Baltic Sea area. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 33: 525-535.
  • Link, S.]. and Almeida, P.F. 2000. An overview and history of the food web dynamics program of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE, 159: 1—60.
  • Magnehagen, C. 2006. Risk—taking behaviour in foraging young-of—the-year perch varies with population size structure. Oecologia, 147: 734-743. doi: 10.1007/s00442-005-0302-2
  • Marshall, S. and Elliott, M. 1997. A comparison of univariete and multivariete numerical and graphical techniques for determining inter- and intraspesiŞc feeding relationships in estuarine Şsh. Journal of Fish Biology, 51: 526-545. doi: 10.1111/j.1095- 8649.1997.tb01510.x
  • Nikolskii, G.V. 1969. Theory of Şsh population dynamics as the biological background for rational exploitation and management of Şshery resources. Oliver and Boyd-Edinburgh, 323 pp.
  • Olson, M.H. 1996. Predator—prey interactions in size- structured Şsh communities: implications of prey growth. Oecologia, 108: 757-763. doi: 10.1007/BF00329052
  • Ozyurt, C.E. 2000. Seyhan baraj gölü sazan (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) ve sudakları Sander lucioperca (Bogustkaya and Naseka, 1996) için uygun ag göz genişliğinin belirlenmesi. MSc thesis. Adana: Çukurova University.
  • Özyurt, C.E., Kiyaga, V.B., Mavruk, S. and Akamca E. 2011. Spawning, Maturity Length and Size Selectivity for Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in Seyhan Dam Lake. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,10: 545-551. doi :10.3923/javaa.2011.545.551
  • Peltonen, H., Rita, H. and Ruuhijârvi, J. 1996. Diet and prey selection of pikeperch (Stizostediorı lucioperca) in Lake Vesijârvi analysed with a logit model. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 33: 481-487.
  • Persson, L., Andersson, J., Wahlström, E. and Eklöv, P. 1996. Size-speciŞc interactions in lake system: Predator gape limitation and prey growth rate and mortality. Ecology, 77: 900—911. doi: 10.2307/2265510
  • Sâisâ, M., Salminen, M., Koljonen, M.L. and Ruuhıjârvi, J. 2010. Coastal and freshwater pikeperch Sander lucioperca populations differ genetically in the Baltic Sea basin. Hereditas, 147: 205—214. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2010.02184.x
  • Salonen, S., Helminen, H. and Sarvala, J. 1996. Feasibility of controlling coarse fish populations through pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) stocking in lake Köyliönj ârvi, SW Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 33: 451-457.
  • Sirotenko, M. and Istomin, A. 1978. Seasonal variotions in the feeding of the Black Sea Trachurus mediterrarıeus ponticus Aleev. ]omal of Ihthyology, 18: 424-431.
  • Smith, P.A., Leah, R.T. and Eaton, J.W. 1996. Removal of pikeperch (Stı'zosterdiorı lucioperca) from a British Canal as a management technique to reduce impact on prey fish populations. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 33: 537-545.
  • Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.]. 1969. Biometry, the principles and practise of statics in biological research. W. H. Freeman and Company. USA, 776 pp.
  • Thiel, R. 1987. Untersuchungen zur Nahrungsselektivitât juveniler Barsche (Perca fluvı'atilis L.) und Zander (Stı'zostedion lucioperca L.). Wissenschafliche Zeitschrift der Wilhelm-Pieck-Universitât Rostock, 36: 46-49.
  • Turesson, H., Persson, A. and Brönmark, C. 2002. Prey size selection in piscivorious pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) includes active prey choice. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 11: 223-233. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00019.x
  • Ulltang, 0. 1996. Stock assessment and biological knowledge: Can prediction uncertainty be reduced? ICES J. Mar. Sci. 53:659— 675. doi: 10.1006/jmsc.1996.0086
  • Vehanen, T., Hyvârinen, P. and Huusko, A. 1998. Food consumption and prey orientation of piscivorous brown trout (Salmo trutta) and pikeperch (Stı'zostedion lucioperca) in a large regulated lake. Journal of Applied Ichtyology, 14: 15-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.1998.tb00608.x
  • Wootton, R.] . 1990. Ecology of teleost Şshes. Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 404 pp.
  • Yilmaz, M. and Ablak, Ö. 2003. The Feeding Behavior of Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L., 1758)) Living in Hirfanlı Dam Lake. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 27(3): 1159-1165.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Caner Enver Özyurt This is me

Sinan Mavruk This is me

Volkan Barış Kiyağa This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özyurt, C. E., Mavruk, S., & Kiyağa, V. B. (2012). Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12(2), 315-322.
AMA Özyurt CE, Mavruk S, Kiyağa VB. Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. April 2012;12(2):315-322.
Chicago Özyurt, Caner Enver, Sinan Mavruk, and Volkan Barış Kiyağa. “Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander Lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12, no. 2 (April 2012): 315-22.
EndNote Özyurt CE, Mavruk S, Kiyağa VB (April 1, 2012) Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12 2 315–322.
IEEE C. E. Özyurt, S. Mavruk, and V. B. Kiyağa, “Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)”, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 315–322, 2012.
ISNAD Özyurt, Caner Enver et al. “Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander Lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12/2 (April 2012), 315-322.
JAMA Özyurt CE, Mavruk S, Kiyağa VB. Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2012;12:315–322.
MLA Özyurt, Caner Enver et al. “Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander Lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, 2012, pp. 315-22.
Vancouver Özyurt CE, Mavruk S, Kiyağa VB. Effects of Predator Size and Gonad Maturation on Food Preference and Feeding Intensity of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2012;12(2):315-22.