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Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams

Year 2011, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, - , 01.08.2011

Muharrem Aksungur Mustafa Zengin İlyas Tabak Nilgün Aksungur Ali Alkan

Abstract

This study was done on the main streams and coastal zone where Black Sea Trout is mainly distributed. Although fario ecotype has reproductive and alimental migration in streams, the marine ecotype migrates between freshwater and marine in certain seasons. According to the data obtained, the smolt individuals of the marine ecotype living in streams since spawn have smoltification in stream mouths in spring (March- May) and go to the sea first in their lives. Some fish have smoltification in autumn. Black Sea Trout spawner individuals pass to freshwater at a period between April and June and have egg maturation there by autumn. Their return to the sea following spawning is between November and December. The findings obtained indicate that Black Sea Trout population has been depleted due to overfishing and disruption of their habitats. As a result, a new management strategy and protection programmes are vital for the recovery of the stocks.

Keywords

Black Sea trout Salmo trutta labrax Eastern Black Sea Region migration characteristics (structure) ecotype

References

  • Alm, G. 1959. Connection Between Maturity, Size and Age in Fishes. Rep Inst. Freshw. Res. Drottnirıgholm, 40: 5-145.
  • Bagliniere, J.L. and Maisse, G. 1999. Biology and Ecology of the Brown and Sea Trout, Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK
  • Barachi, G.P. 1962. The Black Sea Kumzha. Black Sea Trout (Salmon trout). Translation by N. Terdzishvili and D.Solornon, Blacksea Salmon Project, Izd-vo AN GSSR, Tbilisi, 64 pp.
  • Berg, O.K. and Berg, M. 1987. The Seasonal Pattern of Growth of the Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) from the Vardnes River in Northern Norway. Aquaculture, 62: 143-152. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(87)90318-8.
  • Björnsson, B.T. and Bradley, T.M. 2007. Epilogue: Past successes, present misconceptions and future milestones in salmon smoltifrcation research. Aquaculture, 273: 384—391. doi: 10.1016/j . aquaculture.2007.10.020.
  • Chemistkii, A.G. 1988. Black Sea Trout Smolts (Salmo trutta labrax) in the Kodori River, Abkhaz SSR Georgian SSR USSR. Vopr Ikhtiol., 28(4): 657-663, UDC 134:574.2.
  • Çakmak, E., Kurtoğlu, İ.Z.., Çavdar, Y., Firidin, Ş., Aksungur, N., Başcınar, N. and Zengin, B. 2004. Karadeniz alabalığı yetiştiriciliği ve Balıklandırma Amacı ile Kullanımı. SÜMAE, Project Final Report, Trabzon, 131 pp.
  • Çelikkale, M.S., Düzgüneş, E. and Okumuş, İ. 1999. Türkiye Su Ürünleri Sektörü Potansiyeli, Mevcut Durumu, Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri. İstanbul Ticaret Odası, Yayınları No: 1999-2 İstanbul, 414 pp.
  • Dickhohoff, W.W. 1993. Sea water adaptation, In: J.F., Muir and R.]. Roberts (Eds), Recent Advance in Aquaculture, Oxford: 183-195 .
  • Edwards, DJ. and Doroshov, S. 1989. Appraisal of the Stergeon and Seatrout Fisheries and Proposals for a Rehabiliation Programme, FAO-Turkey Technical Cooperation Programme, Rome, 38 pp.
  • Elliot, J.M. 1994. Quantitative Ecology and the Brown Trout. Oxford Univ. Press, London, 286 pp.
  • Frosman, L., Pirhonen, J. and Soivio, A. 1998. Effect of long-term stress on the smolting of two forms of brown trout (Salmo trutta), Aquaculture, 168: 49-55. doi:10.1016/SOO44-8486(98)00338-X.
  • Geldiay, R. and Balık, S. 1996. Türkiye Tatlısu Balıkları (Ders Kitabı), 2. Baskı, Ege Üniversitesi, Su Ürünleri Fakultesi Yayınları, No 46, İzmir, 532 pp.
  • Hoar, W.S. 1988. The physiology of smolting salmonids. In: W.S. Hoar and D.]. Randall (Ed.), Fish Physiology, Academic press, San Diego: 275-343.
  • Johnstone, A.D.F., Walker, A.F., Urguhart, G.G. and Thor'rpe, A.E. 1995. The movement of sea trout smolts, Salmo trutta L., in a Scottish west coast sea loch determined by acoustic tracking, Previous Scottish Fisheries Research Reports, Number 56.
  • Jonsson, B. and Jonsson, N. 1993. Partial Migration: Niche Shift Versus Sexual Maturation in Fishes. Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish., 3: 348-365. DOI: 10.1007/BF00043384.
  • Jonsson, B. 1985. Life History Patterns of Freshwater Resident and Sea-migrant Brown trout in Norway. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 114: 182-194. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659.
  • Lelek, A. 1980. The occurence taxonomy and Future of trouts in North East Turkey, Report for European Committee for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 44 p.
  • Lysfjord, G. and Staumes, M. 1998. Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity and hypoosmorelatory ability of seaward migrating smolt of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), sea trout (Salmo trutta) and Arctic char (Salvelı'nus alpinus) in the Hals river, northern Norway. Aquaculture 168: 279—288. DOI: 10.1016/ SOO44-8486(98)00355-X.
  • Nikandrov, V.Ya. and Shindavina, N.I. 2007. Characteristics of the hatchery—reared Black Sea salmon Salmo trutta labrax Journal of Ichthyology, 47(2): 184-193. DOI: 10.1134/S0032945207020063
  • Okumuş, İ., Kurtoglu I.Z. and Atasaral, Ş. 2007. General Overview of Turkish Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) Populations, In: G. Harris and N. Milner (Eds.), Sea Trout: Biology, Conservation and Management. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., London: 115-128
  • Quinn, T.P. and Groot, C. 1984. PaciŞc salmon (Oncorhynchus) migrations: orientation vs. random movement. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41: 1319—1324. doi: 10.1139/f84-161.
  • Ruggles, C.F. 1980. A Review of the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 992, 48 pp.
  • Radchenko, V.N. and Aleyev, M.Y. 1997. Black Sea Salmon Hybridization and Spawning Sites Conservation. In: E. Özhan (Ed.), 11—14 November, MEDCOAST’97, Antalya.
  • Sedgwick, S.D. 1990. Trout Farming Handbook Sth.Edn. Fishing New Books Limited Famham, Surrey, England. 165 pp.
  • Skrochowska, S. 1969. Migrations of sea—trout (Salmo trutta L.), brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario L.) and their crosses. Part I: Problem, methods and results of tagging. Pol. Arc. Hydrobiologii 16: 115-140.
  • Slastenenko, E. 1956. Karadeniz Havzası Balıkları (CV. HaniŞ Altan) Et Balık Kurumu Yayınları, İstanbul, 711 pp.
  • Solomon, DJ. 1995. Sea Trout Stocks in England and Wales, R and D Report 25, Bristol, 103 pp.
  • Solomon, D.]. 2000. The biology and status of the Black Sea Salmon Salmo trutta labrax, EU Tacis Black Sea Environmental Programme. Black Sea Salmon Project. Draft report, 24 pp
  • Tabak, İ., Aksungur, M., Zengin, M., Yılmaz, C., Aksungur, N., Alkan, A., Zengin, B. and Mısır, D.S. 2001. Karadeniz Alabalığı (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811)nın Biyo-ekolojik Özelliklerinin Tespiti ve Kültüre Alınabilirliginin Araştırılması, Project report, Trabzon, 238 pp.
  • Ugedal, O., Finstad, B., Damsgard, B. and Mortensen, A. 1998. Seawater tolerance and downstream migration in hatcery-reared and wild brown trout, Aquaculture 168: 395-405. doi:10.1016/SOO44-8486(98)00365-2.
  • Vassilev, M. and Trichkova, T. 2007. The Black Sea salmon is endemic Salmo labrax Pallas, 1811 (Pisces: Salmonidae) —a New Record for the Bulgarian Sector of the Danube River. Acta Zool. Bulg., 59 (1): 97—99

Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams

Year 2011, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, - , 01.08.2011

Muharrem Aksungur Mustafa Zengin İlyas Tabak Nilgün Aksungur Ali Alkan

Abstract

This study was done on the main streams and coastal zone where Black Sea Trout is mainly distributed. Although fario ecotype has reproductive and alimental migration in streams, the marine ecotype migrates between freshwater and marine in certain seasons. According to the data obtained, the smolt individuals of the marine ecotype living in streams since spawn have smoltification in stream mouths in spring (March- May) and go to the sea first in their lives. Some fish have smoltification in autumn. Black Sea Trout spawner individuals pass to freshwater at a period between April and June and have egg maturation there by autumn. Their return to the sea following spawning is between November and December. The findings obtained indicate that Black Sea Trout population has been depleted due to overfishing and disruption of their habitats. As a result, a new management strategy and protection programmes are vital for the recovery of the stocks.

Keywords

Black Sea trout Salmo trutta labrax Eastern Black Sea Region migration characteristics (structure) ecotype

References

  • Alm, G. 1959. Connection Between Maturity, Size and Age in Fishes. Rep Inst. Freshw. Res. Drottnirıgholm, 40: 5-145.
  • Bagliniere, J.L. and Maisse, G. 1999. Biology and Ecology of the Brown and Sea Trout, Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK
  • Barachi, G.P. 1962. The Black Sea Kumzha. Black Sea Trout (Salmon trout). Translation by N. Terdzishvili and D.Solornon, Blacksea Salmon Project, Izd-vo AN GSSR, Tbilisi, 64 pp.
  • Berg, O.K. and Berg, M. 1987. The Seasonal Pattern of Growth of the Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) from the Vardnes River in Northern Norway. Aquaculture, 62: 143-152. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(87)90318-8.
  • Björnsson, B.T. and Bradley, T.M. 2007. Epilogue: Past successes, present misconceptions and future milestones in salmon smoltifrcation research. Aquaculture, 273: 384—391. doi: 10.1016/j . aquaculture.2007.10.020.
  • Chemistkii, A.G. 1988. Black Sea Trout Smolts (Salmo trutta labrax) in the Kodori River, Abkhaz SSR Georgian SSR USSR. Vopr Ikhtiol., 28(4): 657-663, UDC 134:574.2.
  • Çakmak, E., Kurtoğlu, İ.Z.., Çavdar, Y., Firidin, Ş., Aksungur, N., Başcınar, N. and Zengin, B. 2004. Karadeniz alabalığı yetiştiriciliği ve Balıklandırma Amacı ile Kullanımı. SÜMAE, Project Final Report, Trabzon, 131 pp.
  • Çelikkale, M.S., Düzgüneş, E. and Okumuş, İ. 1999. Türkiye Su Ürünleri Sektörü Potansiyeli, Mevcut Durumu, Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri. İstanbul Ticaret Odası, Yayınları No: 1999-2 İstanbul, 414 pp.
  • Dickhohoff, W.W. 1993. Sea water adaptation, In: J.F., Muir and R.]. Roberts (Eds), Recent Advance in Aquaculture, Oxford: 183-195 .
  • Edwards, DJ. and Doroshov, S. 1989. Appraisal of the Stergeon and Seatrout Fisheries and Proposals for a Rehabiliation Programme, FAO-Turkey Technical Cooperation Programme, Rome, 38 pp.
  • Elliot, J.M. 1994. Quantitative Ecology and the Brown Trout. Oxford Univ. Press, London, 286 pp.
  • Frosman, L., Pirhonen, J. and Soivio, A. 1998. Effect of long-term stress on the smolting of two forms of brown trout (Salmo trutta), Aquaculture, 168: 49-55. doi:10.1016/SOO44-8486(98)00338-X.
  • Geldiay, R. and Balık, S. 1996. Türkiye Tatlısu Balıkları (Ders Kitabı), 2. Baskı, Ege Üniversitesi, Su Ürünleri Fakultesi Yayınları, No 46, İzmir, 532 pp.
  • Hoar, W.S. 1988. The physiology of smolting salmonids. In: W.S. Hoar and D.]. Randall (Ed.), Fish Physiology, Academic press, San Diego: 275-343.
  • Johnstone, A.D.F., Walker, A.F., Urguhart, G.G. and Thor'rpe, A.E. 1995. The movement of sea trout smolts, Salmo trutta L., in a Scottish west coast sea loch determined by acoustic tracking, Previous Scottish Fisheries Research Reports, Number 56.
  • Jonsson, B. and Jonsson, N. 1993. Partial Migration: Niche Shift Versus Sexual Maturation in Fishes. Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish., 3: 348-365. DOI: 10.1007/BF00043384.
  • Jonsson, B. 1985. Life History Patterns of Freshwater Resident and Sea-migrant Brown trout in Norway. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 114: 182-194. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659.
  • Lelek, A. 1980. The occurence taxonomy and Future of trouts in North East Turkey, Report for European Committee for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 44 p.
  • Lysfjord, G. and Staumes, M. 1998. Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity and hypoosmorelatory ability of seaward migrating smolt of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), sea trout (Salmo trutta) and Arctic char (Salvelı'nus alpinus) in the Hals river, northern Norway. Aquaculture 168: 279—288. DOI: 10.1016/ SOO44-8486(98)00355-X.
  • Nikandrov, V.Ya. and Shindavina, N.I. 2007. Characteristics of the hatchery—reared Black Sea salmon Salmo trutta labrax Journal of Ichthyology, 47(2): 184-193. DOI: 10.1134/S0032945207020063
  • Okumuş, İ., Kurtoglu I.Z. and Atasaral, Ş. 2007. General Overview of Turkish Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) Populations, In: G. Harris and N. Milner (Eds.), Sea Trout: Biology, Conservation and Management. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., London: 115-128
  • Quinn, T.P. and Groot, C. 1984. PaciŞc salmon (Oncorhynchus) migrations: orientation vs. random movement. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41: 1319—1324. doi: 10.1139/f84-161.
  • Ruggles, C.F. 1980. A Review of the Downstream Migration of Atlantic Salmon, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 992, 48 pp.
  • Radchenko, V.N. and Aleyev, M.Y. 1997. Black Sea Salmon Hybridization and Spawning Sites Conservation. In: E. Özhan (Ed.), 11—14 November, MEDCOAST’97, Antalya.
  • Sedgwick, S.D. 1990. Trout Farming Handbook Sth.Edn. Fishing New Books Limited Famham, Surrey, England. 165 pp.
  • Skrochowska, S. 1969. Migrations of sea—trout (Salmo trutta L.), brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario L.) and their crosses. Part I: Problem, methods and results of tagging. Pol. Arc. Hydrobiologii 16: 115-140.
  • Slastenenko, E. 1956. Karadeniz Havzası Balıkları (CV. HaniŞ Altan) Et Balık Kurumu Yayınları, İstanbul, 711 pp.
  • Solomon, DJ. 1995. Sea Trout Stocks in England and Wales, R and D Report 25, Bristol, 103 pp.
  • Solomon, D.]. 2000. The biology and status of the Black Sea Salmon Salmo trutta labrax, EU Tacis Black Sea Environmental Programme. Black Sea Salmon Project. Draft report, 24 pp
  • Tabak, İ., Aksungur, M., Zengin, M., Yılmaz, C., Aksungur, N., Alkan, A., Zengin, B. and Mısır, D.S. 2001. Karadeniz Alabalığı (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811)nın Biyo-ekolojik Özelliklerinin Tespiti ve Kültüre Alınabilirliginin Araştırılması, Project report, Trabzon, 238 pp.
  • Ugedal, O., Finstad, B., Damsgard, B. and Mortensen, A. 1998. Seawater tolerance and downstream migration in hatcery-reared and wild brown trout, Aquaculture 168: 395-405. doi:10.1016/SOO44-8486(98)00365-2.
  • Vassilev, M. and Trichkova, T. 2007. The Black Sea salmon is endemic Salmo labrax Pallas, 1811 (Pisces: Salmonidae) —a New Record for the Bulgarian Sector of the Danube River. Acta Zool. Bulg., 59 (1): 97—99
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muharrem Aksungur This is me

Mustafa Zengin This is me

İlyas Tabak This is me

Nilgün Aksungur This is me

Ali Alkan This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Aksungur, M., Zengin, M., Tabak, İ., Aksungur, N., et al. (2011). Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11(4).
AMA Aksungur M, Zengin M, Tabak İ, Aksungur N, Alkan A. Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. August 2011;11(4).
Chicago Aksungur, Muharrem, Mustafa Zengin, İlyas Tabak, Nilgün Aksungur, and Ali Alkan. “Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo Trutta Labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11, no. 4 (August 2011).
EndNote Aksungur M, Zengin M, Tabak İ, Aksungur N, Alkan A (August 1, 2011) Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11 4
IEEE M. Aksungur, M. Zengin, İ. Tabak, N. Aksungur, and A. Alkan, “Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams”, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, 2011.
ISNAD Aksungur, Muharrem et al. “Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo Trutta Labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11/4 (August 2011).
JAMA Aksungur M, Zengin M, Tabak İ, Aksungur N, Alkan A. Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2011;11.
MLA Aksungur, Muharrem et al. “Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo Trutta Labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, 2011.
Vancouver Aksungur M, Zengin M, Tabak İ, Aksungur N, Alkan A. Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2011;11(4).