CONCISE REVIEW: β CELL REPLACEMENT THERAPIES IN TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Year 2019, , 45 - 54, 01.02.2019

Özge Sezin Somuncu , Umay Çelik Büşra Ergün Emre Arpalı

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.469530

Abstract

Metabolic
rate of glucose uptake is generally controlled by a feedback mechanism covering islet β cells and
insulin-sensitive tissues, wherein tissue sensitivity to insulin influences the
level of β-cell comeback. In case of insulin presence, β cells preserve
standard glucose tolerance via enhancing insulin production. Even though β-cell
dysfunction has a strong hereditary component, environmental alterations carry
an important part as well. Current research methods have facilitated to
establish the important part of hexoses, amino acids, and fatty acids in the development
of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, therefore more operative
treatments to slow the progressive loss of β-cell function are required. Latest
discoveries from clinical research deliver significant information about
approaches to stop and treat diabetes and some of the adversative properties of these interferences.
Generation of satisfactory numbers of pancreatic endocrine cells that work in
the same way as primary islets is of supreme prominence for the expansion of
cell treatments to cure. In this study, we focused on different techniques
starting from islet and pancreas transplantations individually and ending on
new therapies such as stem cell technology and bioengineering. We aimed to
establish a comprehensive and detailed explanation of treatment perspectives
for islet cell loss. This review is carrying a novel potential for enlightening
the current treatments and future-based therapies.

Keywords

Stem cell therapy, islet cells, pancreas

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