Abstract

Kanser tüm dünyadaki ölümlerin en önde gelen sebebi olma yolunda ilerlemektedir. Kansere karşı daha etkili tedavi seçenekleri geliştirmek için tümör gelişimi ve yayılmasının çok daha iyi anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Konuyla ilgili bilgilerimiz arttıkça kanserin çok karmaşık bir hastalık olduğu ve bu karmaşıklığın kısmen aynı tümör kitlesinde dahi görülebilen yüksek heterojenlik düzeyine bağlı olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, farklı hiyerarşilere yol açan tümör hücreleri arasındaki karmaşık düzenleme ve etkileşimlerin açıklığa kavuşturulması için artan bir ihtiyaç söz konusudur. Tümör başlatan ve kendini yenileyen kök hücre kavramları, monoklonal tümör gelişiminde görülen çok sayıdaki neslin ortaya çıkışını açıklamak için uzun zamandan beri ileri sürülmektedirler. Artık günümüzde çoğu kanser tipinde bulunan kanser kök hücrelerinin tümör gelişimi ve yayılmasında çok sayıda rolleri olduğu bilinmektedir. Kanser kök hücrelerinin sahip oldukları pek çok ilginç özellikleri, tümör hücresi plastisitesi, epitemezenkimal dönüşüm ve kemoterapi direncindeki rollerinin açıklığa kavuşturulması ve yeni tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için daha da ilgi çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada kanser kök hücresi biyolojisi ile ilgili bildiklerimizde yaşanan gelişmeleri ortaya koyabilmek için yapılan son çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.

CANCER STEM CELL BIOLOGY

Abstract

Cancer is becoming the leading cause of death all around the world. To develop better therapeutic options against cancer, we need a thorough understanding of tumor development and dissemination. As our knowledge increases, it becomes apparent that cancer is a very complex disease and this complexity is partially due to the great level of heterogeneity even within the same tumor mass. Therefore, there is a pressing need to decipher complex regulations and interactions of the tumor cells that lead to different hierarchies. Concepts of tumor-initiating and self-renewing stem cell have long been proposed to explain the emergence of a vast number of progenies within monoclonal neoplastic growth. It is now known that cancer stem cells which are found in many cancers have many roles in tumor development and dissemination. Many fascinating properties of cancer stem cells draw further attention to clarify their involvement in tumor cell plasticity, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, chemotherapy resistance and to develop therapeutic strategies for their targeting. Here we summarized recent efforts to illustrate the progress in our understanding of the biology of cancer stem cells.

Keywords

• Cancer stem cells,differentiation,plasticity,clonal selection,lineage tracing,and cancer therapy

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