STRUCTURAL CONDITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURE IN TURKEY ON THE WAY TOWARDS EU MEMBERSHIP

Year 2014, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 65 - 74, 08.01.2016

Gülfinaz Özoğul

Abstract

European Union (EU) stipulates the compliance of Turkish Agricultural Sector with Common Agricultural Policy for full membership. Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the oldest and the most comprehensive policy of the EU, was formed to integrate economies of the member countries in agriculture. Although the share of CAP is only 1.2% in Gross National Product (GNP) of the EU-27, the fact that 40% of the Union Budget belongs to CAP clearly sets out the importance of the policy. The present agricultural structure of Turkey constitutes an important problem for full membership in negotiations to be held with the EU countries. Having a simulation is of great importance in the structural conditions to be able to provide harmony in the application between Turkey and the EU. In this study, the analysis of agricultural structure in Turkey and the EU was done by the dimensions of management structure, production, yield and self-sufficiency. Existing agricultural mechanization levels of Turkey and the EU were also investigated. Some structural indicators about agriculture were compiled by benefiting from European Commission Agriculture and Rural Development Statistics and Indicators and TUIK/Turkish Statistical Institute. The level of mechanization in the EU and Turkey was computed by using FAOSTAT data. The most important results of the study highlight that although the Turkish agricultural sector has a high potential, it has a poor competitive qualification. Thus, the large potential of management and the large increase level of agricultural mechanization of the EU will be the most expected compelling change for Turkey in the process of adaptation.

Keywords

Turkish and the EU agriculture, Common Agricultural Policy, agricultural machinery, agriculture in Turkey

Avrupa Birliği Üyeliği Sürecinde Türkiye’de Tarımın Yapısal Durumu ve Verimliliği

Abstract

Avrupa Birliği (AB) tam üyelik için Türk tarımının Ortak Tarım Politikasına uyumunu şart koşmaktadır. Ortak Tarım Politikası (OTP), AB’nin en eski ve kapsamlı politikası olup, tarım alanında üye ülkelerin ekonomilerini bütünleştirmek amacıyla oluşturulmuştur. 27 üyeli AB’nde OTP’nin Gayri Safi Milli Hasıladaki (GSMH) payı %1.2 olmasına karşın, Birlik bütçesinin halen %40’ının OTP’ye ayrılması söz konusu politikanın önemini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye’nin mevcut tarımsal yapısı, AB ile yapılacak olan tam üyelik müzakereleri için önemli bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Türkiye ile AB arasında uygulamada uyumun sağlanabilmesi için yapısal koşullarda benzeşme önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de ve AB ülkelerinde tarımsal yapının analizi (işletme yapısı, üretim, verim ve kendine yeterlilik) boyutlarından yapılmıştır. Türkiye’nin ve AB ülkelerinin mevcut tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Tarıma ilişkin bazı yapısal göstergeler, Avrupa Komisyonu Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınma İstatistik ve Göstergeleri, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu kaynaklarından yararlanılarak derlenmiştir. AB’de ve Türkiye’de mekanizasyon düzeyi FAOSTAT verilerinden yararlanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın en önemli sonuçları Türk tarımının yüksek potansiyele sahip, ancak rekabetçi niteliği zayıf bir sektör olduğudur. Bu nedenle AB tarım sektöründe işletme boyutlarının büyük olması ve tarımda mekanizasyon düzeyinin artması uyum sürecinde Türkiye için beklenen en zorlayıcı değişim olacaktır

Keywords

Türk ve AB tarımı, Ortak Tarım Politikası, tarım makinaları, Türkiye’de tarım

References

• European Commission, 2010. Agriculture in the European Union, Statistical and Economic Information Report 2009. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/agrista/2009/table_en/index.htm (Date accessed: August 2014).
• European Commission, 2011. Agriculture in the European Union, Statistical and Economic Information Report 2010. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/agrista/2010/table_en/index.htm (Date accessed: August 2014).
• European Commission, 2012. Agriculture in the European Union, Statistical and Economic Information Report 2011. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/statistics/agricultural/2011/index_en.htm (Date accessed: August 2014).
• European Commission, 2013. Agriculture in the European Union, Statistical and Economic Information Report 2013.
• http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/statistics/agricultural/2013/index_en.htm (Date accessed: August 2014).
• The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), 2014. http://faostat.fao.org (Date accessed: August 2014).
• Turkish Statistical Institute, 2014. Turkey's Statistical Yearbook 2013, Turkish Statistical Institute, Printing Division, Publication Number: 4175, June 2014, Ankara, 453 pp. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Kitap.do?metod=KitapDetay&KT_ID=0&KITAP_ID=1 (Date accessed: August 2014).
• Turkish Statistical Institute, 2014. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do (Date accessed: August 2014).
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, 2014.
• http://www.tarim.gov.tr/Konular/Bitkisel-Uretim/Organik-Tarim/Istatistikler (Date accessed: August 2014).
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Finance General Directorate of Budget and Fiscal Control, 2014. http://www.bumko.gov.tr/ (Date accessed: August 2014).
• Ertuğrul, C. 2006. Agricultural structure and efficiency in the EU process. Union of Turkish Chambers of Agriculture, International Conference Proceedings themed “Agriculture in Turkey-EU Integration”, 30 April - 1 May 2006, Istanbul, Turkey, 1:313-326.
• Evcim, H.Ü., Tekin, A.B., Gülsoylu, E., Demir, V., Yürdem, H., Güler, H., Bilgen, H., Alayunt, F. & Evrenosoğlu, M. 2015. Status, problems and solution recommendations for agricultural mechanization. TMMOB Chamber of Agricultural Engineers, Agriculture Engineering VIII. Technical Congress Proceedings, 12-16 January, Ankara, Turkey, 2:1080 -1106 .
• Kilit G. 2012. European Union Common Agricultural Policy and Reform Studies, Economic Development Foundation (IKV) Brief Notes, May 2012, Istanbul, Turkey, 9 pp.
• http://www.ikv.org.tr/images/upload/data/files/degerlendirme notu52. pdf (Date accessed: August 2014).
• Olgun, F.A. 2005. History of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, Reforms, Current Status, Future and Evaluation of Turkey's Compliance, pp.17-24. In: (Oktay, E., Tunalıoğlu, R.). Adaptation of the Turkish Agricultural Policy of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, Agricultural Economic and Policy Development Institute, Publication No: 134, Ankara, 155 pp.
• Özoğul, G. 2009. “Effects of The European Union Common Agricultural Policies on The Sector of Agricultural Machinery (Administration Policies and Sustainable Competitiveness As in The Case of Aegean Region)”, Ph.D. Thesis, Ege University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Agricultural Machinery, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey, 454 pp.
• Özoğul, G. 2013. Effects of the European Union Common Agricultural Policies on the Turkish Sector of Agricultural Machinery. The Journal of Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, Special Issue, ISSN: 1018-8851, 23rd International Scientific-Experts Congress on Agriculture and Food Industry, 1: 127-132