CAPSULE, LEAF AND CYATHIAL GLAND MORPHOLOGY OF TURKISH PERENNIAL TAXA OF Euphorbia L. SECTION Pithyusa (Raf.) Lázaro

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 11 - 19, 15.04.2018

İlker Genç Şükran Kültür Gülay Ecevit-genç

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.342096

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Macro and micromorphology of cyathial glands, capsules and cauline leaf
surfaces of 13 perennial species of Euphorbia
L. subg. Esula Pers. sect. Pithyusa
(Raf.) Lázaro in Turkey were
studied. Cyathial gland structure, based on cyathial gland shapes, colour and
appendages was examined from live material by direct field observations and
investigations. Cauline leaves and capsule surface features were analysed with
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Capsule sizes, capsule shapes and capsule
and cauline leaf surface ornamentations were also studied. The capsule shape was
found to vary from subglobose to conical. In most species, cyathial gland
colour ranged from greenish-yellow to yellowish-green but some species were
distinguished by their reddish or purplish cyathial glands. Although the number
of cyathial glands in all species was four, five cyathial glands were
determined to exist in some specimens of E.
pestalozzae Boiss. Three different cyathial gland shapes (elliptic, trapezoid-elliptic or elliptic-reniform) were observed. Capsule
surface of more than half of the studied species (7 taxa) is covered with
nipple-like projections (papillate-mammillate) and the rest are covered with
tiny rounded or hillock-like ornamentation (colliculate). The cauline leaf surface
is papillate-mammillate in the majority of the studied species, although,
colliculate surface is also observed in two species (E. seguieriana Necker and E.
thessala (Form.) Degen & Dörf.). In conlusion, macro and
micromorphological structures of cyathial gland and capsule of Euphorbia sect. Pithyusa taxa appeared to be useful diagnostic characters for
species identifications. 

Keywords

micromorphology, leaf surface, subg. Esula, Euphorbiaceae, Leafy spurge, Euphorbiaceae

References

• 1. Bruyns, P.V., Mapaya, R.J. & Hedderson, T. 2006. A new subgeneric classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data. Taxon, 55: 397-420.
• 2. Can, L. & Küçüker, O. 2015. Seed morphology and surface microstructure of some Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) taxa distributed in Turkey-in-Europe. Turkish Journal of Botany, 39(3): 449-457.
• 3. Dorsey, B.L., Heavermans, T., Aubriot, X., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann V.W. & Berry, P.E. 2013. Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia. Taxon, 62: 291-315.
• 4. Geltman, D.V. (2015). Phytogeographical analysis of Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae). Polish Botanical Journal, 60(2): 147-161.
• 5. Genç, İ. & Kültür, Ş. 2016. Euphorbia akmanii (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa, 265: 112-120.
• 6. Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. 1994. Plant identification terminology: an illustrated glossary. Spring Lake Publishing, Utah, 206 pp.
• 7. Horn, J.W., van Ee, B.W., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann, V.W., Berry, P.E. & Wurdack, K.J. 2012. Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63(2): 305-326.
• 8. Öztekin, M. 2012. Euphorbia L. pp. 414-424. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, 1290 pp.
• 9. Pahlevani, A.H. & Akhani, H. 2011. Seed morphology of Iranian annual species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 167: 212-234.
• 10. Pahlevani, A.H., Liede-Schumann, S. & Akhani, H. 2015. Seed and capsule morphology of Iranian perennial species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) and its phylogenetic application. Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 177: 335-377.
• 11. Pahlevani, A.H. 2017. Four new species of Euphorbia sect. Pithyusa (subg. Esula, Euphorbiaceae) from SW Asia. Phytotaxa, 312: 83-93.
• 12. Pahlevani, A.H., Feulner, M., Weig, A. & Liede-Schumann, S. 2017. Molecular and morphological studies disentangle species complex in Euphorbia sect. Esula (Euphorbiaceae) from Iran, including two new species. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 303: 139-164.
• 13. Peirson, J.A., Bruyns, P.V., Riina, R., Morawetz, J.J. & Berry, P.E. 2013. A molecular phylogeny and classification of the largely succulent and mainly African Euphorbia subg. Athymalus (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon, 62: 1178-1199.
• 14. Radcliffe-Smith, A. 1982. Euphorbia L. Pp. 571-630. In: Davis, P.H., Edmondson, J.R., Mill, R.R. & Kit Tan (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 7. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 947 pp.
• 15. Riina, R., Peirson, J.A., Geltman, D.V., Molero, J., Frajman, B., Pahlevani, A., Barres, L., Morawetz, J.J., Salmaki, Y., Zarre, S., Kryukov, A., Bruyns, P.V. & Berry, P.E. 2013. A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon, 62(2): 316-342.
• 16. Salmaki, Y., Zarre, S., Esser, H.-J. & Heubl, G. 2011. Seed and gland morphology in Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) with focus on their systematic and phylogenetic importance, a case study in Iranian highlands. Flora, 206(11): 957-973.
• 17. Steinmann, V.W. & Porter, J.M. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) based on ITS and ndhF sequence data. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 89: 453-490.
• 18. Stearn, W.T. 2004. Botanical Latin. 1st paperback ed. Timber Press, Portland, 546 pp.
• 19. Yang, Y., Riina, R., Morawetz, J.J., Heavermans, T., Aubriot, X. & Berry, P.E. 2012. Molecular phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon, 61: 764-789.
• 20. Zimmermann, N.F.A., Ritz, C.M. & Hellwig, F.H. 2010. Further support for the phylogenetic relationships within Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) from nrITS and trnL-trnF IGS sequence data. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 286: 39-58.