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SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 175 - 186, 15.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.369911

Abstract

Fırsatçı
patojenik bakteriler, virülans ifadelerini koordine etmek için Quorum Sensing
(QS) sistemini kullanır. Dolayısıyla QS sistemi, bakteriyel enfeksiyonların
kontrolü için yeni bir yaklaşım olarak tercih edilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı,
2 Gram-pozitif, 7 Gram-negatif patojenik bakteri üzerinde analiz edilen
Viscum album L. bitkisinin
gövde, yaprak ve meyve gibi bölümlerine ait etanol, kloroform ve
diklorometan:metanol ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal, anti-biyofilm ve
anti-quorum sensing aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Kullanılan bitki
parçası ekstraktına ve test mikroorganizmasına bağlı olarak, 50-250mg/ml
arasında değişen konsantrasyonlarda ekstraklar test edildi.
50mg/ml’lik konsantrasyonda antimikrobiyal
aktivite görülmediği için
anti-quorum
sensing ve antibiyofilm çalışmalarında bu konsantrasyon
kullanılmıştır. En iyi biyolojik aktivitenin
görüldüğü çözücünün ise diklorometan:metanol olduğu saptandı.
Ekstraktların anti-quorum sensing aktiviteleri, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026
biyosensör suşu ve sinyal molekülü N- (β-ketokaproil) -L-homoserin lakton
(3-okso-C6-HSL)’nün bulunduğu besiyerinde agar difüzyon deneyi kullanılarak da
tespit edilmiştir. Biyofilm, mikrotiter plaka testi ve kristal viyole
kullanılarak ölçülmüştür.
Yaprak
ve gövde kısımlarının antimikrobiyal, anti-biyofilm ve anti-quorum sensing
aktivitesi, meyve ekstraktına göre daha yüksek verimlilik göstermiştir.
V.
album
özütlerinin, biyofilm ya da QS inhibisyonu yoluyla
mikrobiyal enfeksiyonları tedavi etme potansiyeline sahip olduğu kanısına
varılmıştır.

References

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  • 2. Adonizio, A.L., Downum, K., Bennett, B.C. & Mathee, K. 2006. Anti-quorum sensing activity of medicinal plants in southern Florida. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105(3): 427-435.
  • 3. Amabeoku, G.J., Leng, M.J. & Syce, J.A. 1998. Antimicrobial and anticonvulsant activities of Viscum capense. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 61(3): 237-241.
  • 4. Antunes, L.C.M., Ferreira, R.B., Buckner, M.M. & Finlay, B.B. 2010. Quorum sensing in bacterial virulence. Microbiology, 156(8): 2271-2282.
  • 5. Arda, N., Onay, E., Koz, O. & Kirmizigul, S. 2003. Monosaccharides and polyols from mistletoes (Viscum album L) growing on two different host species. Biologia-Bratislava, 58(6): 1037-1042.
  • 6. Bazargani, M.M. & Rohloff, J. 2016. Antibiofilm activity of essential oils and plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms. Food Control, 61: 156-164.
  • 7. Bezek, K., Kurinčič, M., Knauder, E., Klančnik, A., Raspor, P., Bucar, F. & Smole Možina, S. 2016. Attenuation of Adhesion, Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing of Campylobacter jejuni by Euodia ruticarpa. Phytotherapy research, 30(9): 1527-1532.
  • 8. Brackman, G. & Coenye, T. 2015. Quorum sensing inhibitors as anti-biofilm agents. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 21(1): 5-11.
  • 9. Bussing, A. 2003. Mistletoe: The Genus Viscum. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam.
  • 10. Büssing, A. & Schietzel, M. 1999. Apoptosis-inducing properties of Viscum album L. extracts from different host trees, correlate with their content of toxic mistletoe lectins. Anticancer research, 19(1A): 23-28.
  • 11. Chandrashekhara, Niranjan Raj, S., Manjunath, G., Deepak, S. & Shekar Shetty, H. 2010. Seed treatment with aqueous extract of Viscum album induces resistance to pearl millet downy mildew pathogen. Journal of Plant Interactions, 5(4): 283-291.
  • 12. Chung, P.Y. & Toh, Y.S. 2014. Anti-biofilm agents: recent breakthrough against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens and disease, 70(3): 231-239.
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  • 15. Deliorman, D., Çalış, I. & Ergun, F. 2001. A new acyclic monoterpene glucoside from Viscum album ssp. album. Fitoterapia, 72(2): 101-105.
  • 16. Dulger, B. & Gonuz, A. 2004. Antimicrobial activity of some Turkish medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(9): 1559-1562.
  • 17. Erdonmez, D., Kenar, N. & Turkmen, K.E. 2016. Evaluation of anti-quorum sensing activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extracts from Central Anatolia. Journal of Biotechnology, 231: 34.
  • 18. Ergun, F. & Deliorman, D. 1995. Viscum album L. (Ökse otu) Bitkisinin Kimyasal Bileşimi. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 24(2): 21-33.
  • 19. Eroğlu, M. & Usta, M. 1993. Viscum album L.'un Sarıçam Artımına Odunun Kimyasal ve Morfolojik Özelliklerine Etkisinin Araştırılması. II Ulusal Orman Ürünleri Endüstrisi Kongresi, 1(1): 116-122.
  • 20. Ertürk, Ö., Kati, H., Yayli, N. & Demirbağ, Z. 2004. Antimicrobial activity of Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (Wiesb). Turkish Journal of Biology, 27(4): 255-258.
  • 21. Ghuman, S., Ncube, B., Finnie, J.F., McGaw, L.J., Coopoosamy, R.M. & Van Staden, J. 2016. Antimicrobial Activity, Phenolic Content, and Cytotoxicity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Used for Treating Dermatological Diseases and Wound Healing in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 320.
  • 22. Gray, A. & Flatt, P. 1999. Insulin-secreting activity of the traditional antidiabetic plant Viscum album (mistletoe). Journal of Endocrinology, 160(3): 409-414.
  • 23. Güner, A. 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
  • 24. Habeck, M. 2003. Mistletoe compound enters clinical trials. Drug discovery today, 8(2): 52-53.
  • 25. Hoffman, L.R., D'Argenio, D.A., MacCoss, M.J., Zhang, Z., Jones, R.A. & Miller, S.I. 2005. Aminoglycoside antibiotics induce bacterial biofilm formation. Nature, 436(7054): 1171-1175.
  • 26. Hussain, M.A., Khan, M.Q., Hussain, N. & Habib, T. 2011. Antibacterial and antifungal potential of leaves and twigs of Viscum album L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(23): 5545-5549.
  • 27. Karagöz, A., Önay, E., Arda, N. & Kuru, A. 2003. Antiviral potency of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. album) extracts against human parainfluenza virus type 2 in Vero cells. Phytotherapy Research, 17(5): 560-562.
  • 28. Kaya, M., Sargin, I. & Erdonmez, D. 2016. Microbial biofilm activity and physicochemical characterization of biodegradable and edible cups obtained from abdominal exoskeleton of an insect. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 36: 68-74.
  • 29. Khan, M.S.A., Zahin, M., Hasan, S., Husain, F. M., Ahmad, I. 2009. Inhibition of quorum sensing regulated bacterial functions by plant essential oils with special reference to clove oil. Letters in applied microbiology, 49(3): 354-360.
  • 30. Kotan, R., Okutucu, A., Ala Görmez, A., Karagoz, K., Dadasoglu, F., Karaman, I., Hasanekoglu, I. & Kordali, Ş. 2013. Parasitic bacteria and fungi on common mistletoe (Viscum album L.) and their potential application in biocontrol. Journal of Phytopathology, 161(3): 165-171.
  • 31. Martinelli, L., Rosa, J.M., Ferreira, C.D.S.B., Nascimento, G.M.D.L., Freitas, M.S., Pizato, L.C., Santos, W.D.O., Pires, R.F., Okura, M.H. & Malpass, G.R.P. 2017. Antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of essential oils and oleoresins extracted from eight pepper species. Ciência Rural, 47(5): e20160899.
  • 32. McClean, K.H., Winson, M.K., Fish, L., Taylor, A., Chhabra, S.R., Camara, M., Daykin, M., Lamb, J.H., Swift, S., Bycroft, B.W. and Stewart, G.S., 1997. Quorum sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum: exploitation of violacein production and inhibition for the detection of N-acylhomoserine lactones. Microbiology, 143(12), 3703-3711.
  • 33. Musthafa, K., Ravi A., Annapoorani, A., Packiavathy, I.V. & Pandian, S. 2010. Evaluation of anti-quorum-sensing activity of edible plants and fruits through inhibition of the N-acyl-homoserine lactone system in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemotherapy, 56(4): 333-339.
  • 34. Nawrot, R., Barylski, J., Nowicki, G., Broniarczyk, J., Buchwald, W. & Goździcka-Józefiak, A. 2014. Plant antimicrobial peptides. Folia microbiologica, 59(3): 181-196.
  • 35. Nazaruk, J. & Orlikowski, P. 2016. Phytochemical profile and therapeutic potential of Viscum album L. Natural Product Research, 30(4): 373-385.
  • 36. O'Toole, G.A. 2011. Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. Journal of Visualized Experiments, (47): e2437-e2437.
  • 37. Ogunmefun, O., Fasola, T., Saba, A. & Oridupa, O. 2013. The ethnobotanical, phytochemical and mineral analyses of Phragmanthera incana (Klotzsch), a species of mistletoe growing on three plant hosts in South-Western Nigeria. International journal of biomedical science, 9(1): 33.
  • 38. Oliveira, B.D.Á., Rodrigues, A.C., Cardoso, B.M.I., Ramos, A.L.C.C., Bertoldi, M.C., Taylor, J.G., da Cunha, L.R. & Pinto, U.M. 2016. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities of Rubus rosaefolius phenolic extract. Industrial Crops and Products, 84: 59-66.
  • 39. Rumbaugh, K.P., Diggle, S.P., Watters, C.M., Ross-Gillespie, A., Griffin, A.S. & West, S.A. 2009. Quorum sensing and the social evolution of bacterial virulence. Current Biology, 19(4): 341-345.
  • 40. Rutherford, S.T. & Bassler, B.L. 2012. Bacterial quorum sensing: its role in virulence and possibilities for its control. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2(11): a012427.
  • 41. Sadananda, T., Govindappa, M. & Ramachandra, Y. 2014. In vitro antioxidant activity of lectin from different endophytic fungi of Viscum album L. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(5): 626.
  • 42. Sánchez, E., Rivas Morales, C., Castillo, S., Leos-Rivas, C., García-Becerra, L. & Ortiz Martínez, D.M. 2016. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Methanolic Plant Extracts against Nosocomial Microorganisms. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016: 1572697.
  • 43. Sandasi, M., Leonard, C.M. & Viljoen, A.M. 2008. The effect of five common essential oil components on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Food Control, 19(11): 1070-1075.
  • 44. Sengul, M., Yildiz, H., Gungor, N., Cetin, B., Eser, Z. & Ercisli, S. 2009. Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1): 102-106.
  • 45. Stepanović, S., Vuković, D., Dakić, I., Savić, B. & Švabić-Vlahović, M. 2000. A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation. Journal of microbiological methods, 40(2): 175-179.
  • 46. Stoss, M. & Gorter, R.W. 1998. No evidence of IFN-γ increase in the serum of HIV-positive and healthy subjects after subcutaneous injection of a non-fermented Viscum album L. extract. Natural immunity, 16(4): 157-164.
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SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 175 - 186, 15.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.369911

Abstract

Many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria use the Quorum Sensing (QS)
system to coordinate their virulence expressions. Thus, QS can likely be a new
approach to control bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate
the a
ntimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of
ethanol, chloroform, and dichloromethane: methanol extracts of leaf, stem, and
fruits
of the European mistletoe Viscum
album
L.
on 2 Gram-positive and 7 Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The extracts
at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250mg/ml were tested depending on the
extracts of the plant parts and the test bacteria. The extract with 50mg/ml
concentration, in which no antimicrobial activity was observed, was used for
anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm studies. The dichloromethane: methanol
extracts were found to show the highest biological activities.
QS activities of the plant
extracts were also determined using the recently established Chromobacterium
violaceum
CV026 reporter strain and the signaling molecule N-(ß-ketocaproyl)-L-homoserine lactone
(3-oxo-C6-HSL) agar well diffusion assay.
Biofilm was
quantified using the microtiter plate test and the
crystal violet assay.
Anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activity of leaf
and stem extracts showed higher efficiency than fruit extracts.
It was concluded that
the extracts of V. album had the
potential to treat microbial infections by biofilm inhibition or inhibition of
QS.

References

  • 1. Adaramoye, O., Amanlou, M., Habibi-Rezaei, M., Pasalar, P. & Ali, M.-M. 2012. Methanolic extract of African mistletoe (Viscum album) improves carbohydrate metabolism and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 5(6): 427-433.
  • 2. Adonizio, A.L., Downum, K., Bennett, B.C. & Mathee, K. 2006. Anti-quorum sensing activity of medicinal plants in southern Florida. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105(3): 427-435.
  • 3. Amabeoku, G.J., Leng, M.J. & Syce, J.A. 1998. Antimicrobial and anticonvulsant activities of Viscum capense. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 61(3): 237-241.
  • 4. Antunes, L.C.M., Ferreira, R.B., Buckner, M.M. & Finlay, B.B. 2010. Quorum sensing in bacterial virulence. Microbiology, 156(8): 2271-2282.
  • 5. Arda, N., Onay, E., Koz, O. & Kirmizigul, S. 2003. Monosaccharides and polyols from mistletoes (Viscum album L) growing on two different host species. Biologia-Bratislava, 58(6): 1037-1042.
  • 6. Bazargani, M.M. & Rohloff, J. 2016. Antibiofilm activity of essential oils and plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms. Food Control, 61: 156-164.
  • 7. Bezek, K., Kurinčič, M., Knauder, E., Klančnik, A., Raspor, P., Bucar, F. & Smole Možina, S. 2016. Attenuation of Adhesion, Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing of Campylobacter jejuni by Euodia ruticarpa. Phytotherapy research, 30(9): 1527-1532.
  • 8. Brackman, G. & Coenye, T. 2015. Quorum sensing inhibitors as anti-biofilm agents. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 21(1): 5-11.
  • 9. Bussing, A. 2003. Mistletoe: The Genus Viscum. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam.
  • 10. Büssing, A. & Schietzel, M. 1999. Apoptosis-inducing properties of Viscum album L. extracts from different host trees, correlate with their content of toxic mistletoe lectins. Anticancer research, 19(1A): 23-28.
  • 11. Chandrashekhara, Niranjan Raj, S., Manjunath, G., Deepak, S. & Shekar Shetty, H. 2010. Seed treatment with aqueous extract of Viscum album induces resistance to pearl millet downy mildew pathogen. Journal of Plant Interactions, 5(4): 283-291.
  • 12. Chung, P.Y. & Toh, Y.S. 2014. Anti-biofilm agents: recent breakthrough against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens and disease, 70(3): 231-239.
  • 13. Davis, P.H. 1965. Flora of Turkey, Vol 1-10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. 14. de Araujo, A.R., Quelemes, P.V., Perfeito, M.L.G., de Lima, L.I., Sá, M.C., Nunes, P.H.M., Joanitti, G.A., Eaton, P., Soares, M.J.d.S. & de Souza de Almeida Leite, J.R. 2015. Antibacterial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic activities of Terminalia fagifolia Mart. extract and fractions. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 14(1): 25.
  • 15. Deliorman, D., Çalış, I. & Ergun, F. 2001. A new acyclic monoterpene glucoside from Viscum album ssp. album. Fitoterapia, 72(2): 101-105.
  • 16. Dulger, B. & Gonuz, A. 2004. Antimicrobial activity of some Turkish medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(9): 1559-1562.
  • 17. Erdonmez, D., Kenar, N. & Turkmen, K.E. 2016. Evaluation of anti-quorum sensing activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extracts from Central Anatolia. Journal of Biotechnology, 231: 34.
  • 18. Ergun, F. & Deliorman, D. 1995. Viscum album L. (Ökse otu) Bitkisinin Kimyasal Bileşimi. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 24(2): 21-33.
  • 19. Eroğlu, M. & Usta, M. 1993. Viscum album L.'un Sarıçam Artımına Odunun Kimyasal ve Morfolojik Özelliklerine Etkisinin Araştırılması. II Ulusal Orman Ürünleri Endüstrisi Kongresi, 1(1): 116-122.
  • 20. Ertürk, Ö., Kati, H., Yayli, N. & Demirbağ, Z. 2004. Antimicrobial activity of Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (Wiesb). Turkish Journal of Biology, 27(4): 255-258.
  • 21. Ghuman, S., Ncube, B., Finnie, J.F., McGaw, L.J., Coopoosamy, R.M. & Van Staden, J. 2016. Antimicrobial Activity, Phenolic Content, and Cytotoxicity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Used for Treating Dermatological Diseases and Wound Healing in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 320.
  • 22. Gray, A. & Flatt, P. 1999. Insulin-secreting activity of the traditional antidiabetic plant Viscum album (mistletoe). Journal of Endocrinology, 160(3): 409-414.
  • 23. Güner, A. 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
  • 24. Habeck, M. 2003. Mistletoe compound enters clinical trials. Drug discovery today, 8(2): 52-53.
  • 25. Hoffman, L.R., D'Argenio, D.A., MacCoss, M.J., Zhang, Z., Jones, R.A. & Miller, S.I. 2005. Aminoglycoside antibiotics induce bacterial biofilm formation. Nature, 436(7054): 1171-1175.
  • 26. Hussain, M.A., Khan, M.Q., Hussain, N. & Habib, T. 2011. Antibacterial and antifungal potential of leaves and twigs of Viscum album L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(23): 5545-5549.
  • 27. Karagöz, A., Önay, E., Arda, N. & Kuru, A. 2003. Antiviral potency of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. album) extracts against human parainfluenza virus type 2 in Vero cells. Phytotherapy Research, 17(5): 560-562.
  • 28. Kaya, M., Sargin, I. & Erdonmez, D. 2016. Microbial biofilm activity and physicochemical characterization of biodegradable and edible cups obtained from abdominal exoskeleton of an insect. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 36: 68-74.
  • 29. Khan, M.S.A., Zahin, M., Hasan, S., Husain, F. M., Ahmad, I. 2009. Inhibition of quorum sensing regulated bacterial functions by plant essential oils with special reference to clove oil. Letters in applied microbiology, 49(3): 354-360.
  • 30. Kotan, R., Okutucu, A., Ala Görmez, A., Karagoz, K., Dadasoglu, F., Karaman, I., Hasanekoglu, I. & Kordali, Ş. 2013. Parasitic bacteria and fungi on common mistletoe (Viscum album L.) and their potential application in biocontrol. Journal of Phytopathology, 161(3): 165-171.
  • 31. Martinelli, L., Rosa, J.M., Ferreira, C.D.S.B., Nascimento, G.M.D.L., Freitas, M.S., Pizato, L.C., Santos, W.D.O., Pires, R.F., Okura, M.H. & Malpass, G.R.P. 2017. Antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of essential oils and oleoresins extracted from eight pepper species. Ciência Rural, 47(5): e20160899.
  • 32. McClean, K.H., Winson, M.K., Fish, L., Taylor, A., Chhabra, S.R., Camara, M., Daykin, M., Lamb, J.H., Swift, S., Bycroft, B.W. and Stewart, G.S., 1997. Quorum sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum: exploitation of violacein production and inhibition for the detection of N-acylhomoserine lactones. Microbiology, 143(12), 3703-3711.
  • 33. Musthafa, K., Ravi A., Annapoorani, A., Packiavathy, I.V. & Pandian, S. 2010. Evaluation of anti-quorum-sensing activity of edible plants and fruits through inhibition of the N-acyl-homoserine lactone system in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemotherapy, 56(4): 333-339.
  • 34. Nawrot, R., Barylski, J., Nowicki, G., Broniarczyk, J., Buchwald, W. & Goździcka-Józefiak, A. 2014. Plant antimicrobial peptides. Folia microbiologica, 59(3): 181-196.
  • 35. Nazaruk, J. & Orlikowski, P. 2016. Phytochemical profile and therapeutic potential of Viscum album L. Natural Product Research, 30(4): 373-385.
  • 36. O'Toole, G.A. 2011. Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. Journal of Visualized Experiments, (47): e2437-e2437.
  • 37. Ogunmefun, O., Fasola, T., Saba, A. & Oridupa, O. 2013. The ethnobotanical, phytochemical and mineral analyses of Phragmanthera incana (Klotzsch), a species of mistletoe growing on three plant hosts in South-Western Nigeria. International journal of biomedical science, 9(1): 33.
  • 38. Oliveira, B.D.Á., Rodrigues, A.C., Cardoso, B.M.I., Ramos, A.L.C.C., Bertoldi, M.C., Taylor, J.G., da Cunha, L.R. & Pinto, U.M. 2016. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities of Rubus rosaefolius phenolic extract. Industrial Crops and Products, 84: 59-66.
  • 39. Rumbaugh, K.P., Diggle, S.P., Watters, C.M., Ross-Gillespie, A., Griffin, A.S. & West, S.A. 2009. Quorum sensing and the social evolution of bacterial virulence. Current Biology, 19(4): 341-345.
  • 40. Rutherford, S.T. & Bassler, B.L. 2012. Bacterial quorum sensing: its role in virulence and possibilities for its control. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2(11): a012427.
  • 41. Sadananda, T., Govindappa, M. & Ramachandra, Y. 2014. In vitro antioxidant activity of lectin from different endophytic fungi of Viscum album L. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(5): 626.
  • 42. Sánchez, E., Rivas Morales, C., Castillo, S., Leos-Rivas, C., García-Becerra, L. & Ortiz Martínez, D.M. 2016. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Methanolic Plant Extracts against Nosocomial Microorganisms. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016: 1572697.
  • 43. Sandasi, M., Leonard, C.M. & Viljoen, A.M. 2008. The effect of five common essential oil components on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Food Control, 19(11): 1070-1075.
  • 44. Sengul, M., Yildiz, H., Gungor, N., Cetin, B., Eser, Z. & Ercisli, S. 2009. Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1): 102-106.
  • 45. Stepanović, S., Vuković, D., Dakić, I., Savić, B. & Švabić-Vlahović, M. 2000. A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation. Journal of microbiological methods, 40(2): 175-179.
  • 46. Stoss, M. & Gorter, R.W. 1998. No evidence of IFN-γ increase in the serum of HIV-positive and healthy subjects after subcutaneous injection of a non-fermented Viscum album L. extract. Natural immunity, 16(4): 157-164.
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article/Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Demet Erdönmez 0000-0003-3955-1734

Nihal Kenar This is me

Kübra Erkan Türkmen This is me

Publication Date October 15, 2018
Submission Date December 22, 2017
Acceptance Date October 13, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erdönmez, D., Kenar, N., & Erkan Türkmen, K. (2018). SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 19(2), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.369911
AMA Erdönmez D, Kenar N, Erkan Türkmen K. SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. October 2018;19(2):175-186. doi:10.23902/trkjnat.369911
Chicago Erdönmez, Demet, Nihal Kenar, and Kübra Erkan Türkmen. “SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum Album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 19, no. 2 (October 2018): 175-86. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.369911.
EndNote Erdönmez D, Kenar N, Erkan Türkmen K (October 1, 2018) SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 19 2 175–186.
IEEE D. Erdönmez, N. Kenar, and K. Erkan Türkmen, “SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION”, Trakya Univ J Nat Sci, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 175–186, 2018, doi: 10.23902/trkjnat.369911.
ISNAD Erdönmez, Demet et al. “SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum Album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 19/2 (October 2018), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.369911.
JAMA Erdönmez D, Kenar N, Erkan Türkmen K. SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2018;19:175–186.
MLA Erdönmez, Demet et al. “SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum Album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, vol. 19, no. 2, 2018, pp. 175-86, doi:10.23902/trkjnat.369911.
Vancouver Erdönmez D, Kenar N, Erkan Türkmen K. SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2018;19(2):175-86.

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