Research Article
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Year 2019, Special Issue: Stem Cell, 1 - 10, 01.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.505243

Abstract

Karaciğer hücresi nakli, karaciğer yetmezliğinde
ortotopik hücre nakline güçlü bir alternatiftir. Son yıllarda, kök
hücrelerin
doğalarının, kinetiklerinin ve yenilenen karaciğer bölgesinde etkili bir
şekilde toplanmalarının sağlanmasının anlaşılması için hatırı sayılır gayretler
sarf edilmektedir.  Mesenkimal kök
hücreler karaciğer yenilenme sürecini modüle eden ümit verici hücre
kaynaklarından bir tanesidir. Bu çalışma, mezenkimal kök hücrelerin sıçanlarda
toll benzeri reseptör (TLR) ifadesini değiştirmek suretiyle karaciğer immün
yanıtını nasıl etkileyebildiklerini ve karaciğer yenilenmesi esnasında
yenilenme potansiyelini arttırabildiklerini belirlemek için
gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Normal ve
karaciğerleri kısmen çıkarılmış sıçanlar, sıçan
kemik iliğinden elde edilip çoğaltılan
mesenkimal kök hücreler ile muamele edilmişlerdir. Mesenkimal kök hücrelerin
toplanması Eş Zamanlı Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (RT-PCR), Floresan Aktivite
Hücre Ayırma (FACS), ve Immunfloresan Boyama (IFS) ile doğrulanmıştır. Sham ve
karaciğeri kısmen alınmış sıçan grupları arasındaki farklılığın istatistiki
analizinde Student's t-testi kullanılmıştır.

Elde edilen
sonuçlar mezenkimal kök
hücrelerinde
çeşitli TLR’lerin ifade edildiklerini ve bu hücrelerin yenilenme esnasında
toplanmalarının meydana gelen hasarın zamanlamasına bağlı olduğunu
göstermiştir. Normal sıçanların kemik iliğinden izole edilen mezenkimal kök
hücreler hasarlı karaciğerde enjeksiyon sonrası 3. günde görülmüşlerdir.
Hasarsız hayvanların karaciğer kesitlerinde işaretli bir mezenkimal kök hücre
görülmemiştir. Mezenkimal kök hücre uygulaması TLR2, 3 ve 9'un ifadesinin
anlamlı bir şekilde değiştirirken yenilenen karaciğere göç etme yeteneklerini
devam ettirmişlerdir.







Sonuçlar, karaciğer
yenilenmesi esnasında mezenkimal kök hücre uygulamasının, hücrelerin
uygulandığı hasarsız karaciğer parçalarında TLR’lerin ifadelerini değiştirme
yoluyla immün yanıtı modüle ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. TLR ifadesindeki bu
değişim kısmı hepatoktemi sonrası yenilenme sürecine katkı sağlayabilir
niteliktedir.

References

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  • Agnès, F., Shamoon, B., Dina, C., Rosnet, O., Birnbaum, D. & Galibert, F. 1994. Genomic structure of the downstream part of the human FLT3 gene: exon/intron structure conservation among genes encoding receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) of subclass III. Gene, 145(2): 283-288.
  • Akira, S., Uematsu, S. & Takeuchi, O. 2006. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell, 124: 783-801.
  • Alison, M. 1998. Liver stem cells: a two compartment system. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 10(6): 710-715.
  • Arancibia, S.A., Beltrán, C.J., Aguirre, I.M., Silva, P., Peralta, A.L., Malinarich, F. & Hermoso, M.A. 2007. Toll-like receptors are key participants in innate immune responses. Biological Research, 40: 97-112.
  • Aydin, I.T., Dalgic, A., Konu, O. & Akcali, K.C. 2007. Cloning and expression profile of Flt3 gene during progenitor cell-dependent liver regeneration. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 22(12): 2181-2188.
  • Bartholomew, A., Sturgeon, C., Siatskas, M., Ferrer, K., McIntosh, K., Patil, S. Hardy, W., Devine, S., Ucker, D., Deans, R., Moseley, A. & Hoffman R. 2002. Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo. Experimental Hematology, 30(1): 42-8.
  • Bussolati, B., Tetta, C. & Camussi, G. 2008. Contribution of stem cells to kidney repair. American Journal of Nephrology, 28(5): 813-822.
  • Campbell, J.S., Riehle, K.J., Brooling, J.T., Bauer, R.L., Mitchell, C. & Fausto, N. 2006. Proinflammatory cytokine production in liver regeneration is Myd88-dependent, but independent of Cd14, Tlr2, and Tlr4. The Journal of Immunology, 176(4): 2522-2528.
  • Cornell, R.P. 1985. Gut-derived endotoxin elicits hepatotrophic factor secretion for liver regeneration. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 249(5): R551-R562.
  • Cornell, R.P., Liljequist, B.L. & Bartizal, K.F. 1990. Depressed liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy of germ-free, athymic and lipopolysaccharide-resistant mice. Hepatology, 11: 916-922.
  • da Silva Meirelles, L., Caplan, A.I. & Nardi, N.B. 2008. Stem Cells In search of the in vivo identity of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells, 26(9): 2287-2299.
  • Fausto, N., Campbell, J.S. & Riehle, K.J. 2006. Liver regeneration. Hepatology, 43: 45-53.
  • Friedenstein, A.J., Chailakhyan, R.K. & Latisinik, N.V. 1970. Cell Tissue Kinet The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell and Tissue Kinetics, 3(4): 393-403.
  • Gursel, M., Gursel, I., Mostowski, H.S. & Klinman, D.M. 2006. CXCL16 influences the nature and specificity of CpG-induced immune activation. The Journal of Immunology, 177: 1575- 80.
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  • Hofstetter, C.P., Schwarz, E.J., Hess, D., Widenfalk, J., El Manira, A., Prockop, D.J. & Olson, L. 2002. Marrow stromal cells form guiding strands in the injured spinal cord and promote recovery. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99: 2199-04.
  • Horwitz, E.M., Prockop, D.J., Fitzpatrick, L.A., Koo, W.W., Gordon, P.L., Neel, M., Sussman, M., Orchard, P., Marx, J.C. & Pyeritz, R.E. 1999. Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nature Medicine, 5(3): 309-13.
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  • Hubert, F.-X., Voisine, C., Louvet, C., Heslan, J.-M., Ouabed, A., Heslan, M. & Josien, R. 2006. Differential pattern recognition receptor expression but stereotyped responsiveness in rat spleen dendritic cell subsets. The Journal of Immunology, 177: 1007-1016.
  • Inoue, S., Popp, F.C., Koehl, G.E., Piso, P., Schlitt, H.J., Geissler, E.K. & Dahlke, M.H. 2006. Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Organ Transplant Model. Transplantation, 81:1589-95.
  • Koç, O.N., Gerson, S.L., Cooper, B.W., Dyhouse, S.M., Haynesworth, S.E., Caplan, A.I. & Lazarus, H.M. 2000. Rapid hematopoietic recovery after coinfusion of autologous-blood stem cells and culture-expanded marrow mesenchymal stem cells in advanced breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18(2): 307-307.
  • Kopen, G.C., Prockop, D.J. & Phinney, D.G. 1999. Marrow stromal cells migrate throughout forebrain and cerebellum, and they differentiate into astrocytes after injection into neonatal mouse brains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96: 10711-10716.
  • Kumagai, Y., Takeuchi, O. & Akira, S. 2008. Pathogen recognition by innate receptors. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 14(2): 86-92.
  • Kuo, T.K., Hung, S.P., Chuang, C.H., Chen, C.T., Shih, Y.R.V., Fang, S.C.Y., Yang, V.W. & Lee, O.K. 2008. Stem cell therapy for liver disease: parameters governing the success of using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Gastroenterology, 134(7): 2111-2121.
  • Lee, R.H., Kim, B., Choi, I., Kim, H., Choi, H.S., Suh, K., Bae, Y.C. & Jung, J.S. 2004. Characterization and expression analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 14(4-6): 311-324.
  • Mackay, A., Beck, S., Jaiswal, R., Douglas, R., Mosca, J., Moorman, M., Simonetti, D., Craig, S. & Marshak, D. 1999. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science, 284(5411): 143-147.
  • Mangi, A.A., Noiseux, N., Kong, D., He, H., Rezvani, M., Ingwall, J.S. & Dzau, V.J. 2003. Mesenchymal stem cells modified with Akt prevent remodeling and restore performance of infarcted hearts. Nature Medicine, 9: 1195-1201.
  • Matty, M.A. 2008. Treatment of acute lung injury: Clinical and experimental studies. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 5(3): 297-299.
  • Minguell, J.J., Erices, A. & Conget, P. 2001. Mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 226(6): 507-520.
  • Najimi, M. & Sokal, E. 2005. Liver cell transplant. Minevra Pediatrica, 57: 243-57.
  • Orlic, D., Kajstura, J., Chimenti, S., Jakoniuk, I., Anderson, S.M., Li, B. Pickel, J., McKay, R., Nadal-Ginard, B., Bodine, D.M., Leri, A. & Anversa P. 2001. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature, 410(6829): 701-705.
  • Pevsner-Fischer, M., Morad, V., Cohen-Sfady, M., Rousso-Noori, L., Zanin-Zhorov, A., Cohen, S., Cohen, I.R. & Zipori, D. 2007. Toll-like receptors and their ligands control mesenchymal stem cell functions. Blood, 109: 1422-32.
  • Petite, H., Viateau, V., Bensaid, W., Meunier, A., de Pollak, C., Bourguignon, M., Oudina, K., Sedel, L. & Guillemin, G. 2000. Tissue-engineered bone regeneration. Nature Biotechnology, 18(9): 959-63.
  • Phillippe, A.L., Compard, D., Smets, F., Najimi, M. & Sokal E.M. 2008. Stem cells for liver tissue repair: Current knowledge and perspectives. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14: 864-75.
  • Popp, F.C., Slowik, P., Eggenhofer, E., Renner, P., Lang, S.A., Stoeltzing, O., Geissler, E.K., Piso, P., Schlitt, H.J. & Dahlke, M.H. 2007. No contribution of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to liver regeneration in a rat model of prolonged hepatic injury. Stem Cells, 25(3): 639-645.
  • Rasmusson, I. 2006. Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental cell research, 312(12): 2169-79.
  • Seki, E., Tsutsui, H., Iimuro, Y., Naka, T., Son, G., Akira, S., Kishimoto, T., Nakanishi, K. & Fujimoto, J. 2005. Contribution of Toll‐like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling to murine liver regeneration. Hepatology, 41(3): 443-450.
  • Shiratori, Y., Hongo, S., Hikiba, Y., Ohmura, K., Nagura, T., Okano, K.i., Kamii, K., Tanaka, T., Komatsu, Y. & Ochiai, T. 1996. Role of macrophages in regeneration of liver. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 41(10): 1939-1946.
  • Stagg, J. 2006. Immune regulation by mesenchymal stem cells: two sides to the coin. Tissue Antigens, 69: 1-9.
  • Starzl, T.E., Marchioro, T.L., Von Kaulla, K.N., Hermann, G., Brittain, R.S. & Waddell, W.R. 1963. Homotransplantation of the liver in humans. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, 117: 659-676.
  • Stéphenne, X., Najimi, M., Sibille, C., Nassogne, M.C., Smets, F. & Sokal, E.M. 2006. Sustained engraftment and tissue enzyme activity after liver cell transplantation for argininosuccinate lyase deficiency. Gastroenterology, 130: 1317-1323.
  • Takeshita, F., Gursel. I., Ishii, K.J., Suzuki, K., Gursel, M. & Klinman, D.M. 2004. Signal transduction pathways mediated by the interaction of CpG DNA with Toll-like receptor 9. In Seminars in Immunology, 16(1):17-22.
  • Tokcaer-Keskin, Z., Akar, A.R., Ayaloglu-Butun, F., Terzioglu-Kara, E., Durdu, S., Ozyurda, U., Uğur, M. & Akcali, K.C. 2009. Timing of induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation for in vitro cultured mesenchymal stem cells: a perspective for emergencies. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 87(2):143-50.
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ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION

Year 2019, Special Issue: Stem Cell, 1 - 10, 01.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.505243

Abstract

Liver cell transplantation is a powerful alternative to
orthotopic cell transplantation in the treatment of liver failures. Recently,
considerable effort is being channeled to understand the nature and kinetics of
directing stem cells to effectively accumulate at the regenerating liver site.
Mesenchymal stem cells are one of the promising cell sources modulating liver
regeneration process. Present  was
designed to study how mesenchymal stem cells might modulate liver immune
behaviors by changing Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and increase
regenerative potential during liver regeneration in rats.

Normal and partially hepatectomized rats were treated with
mesenchymal stem cells isolated and expanded from rat bone marrows.
Accumulation of mesenchymal stem cells was confirmed by Real Time-Polymerase
Chain Reaction  (RT-PCR),
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting 
(FACS), and Immunofluorescence Staining (IFS). Student's t-test analysis
was used to evaluate the significance of differences between sham and partially
hepatectomized rat groups.

Our results showed that mesenchymal stem cells expressed
several TLRs, and their accumulation during regeneration was depended on the
timing of injury. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow of normal
rats were observed at the injured liver 3 days after the injection. There were
no labeled mesenchymal stem cells in the liver sections of the uninjured
animals. Mesenchymal stem cell administration significantly altered the
expression of TLR2, 3 and 9 while retaining their migration potential to
regenerating liver.







Our findings implicated that
mesenchymal stem cell administration during liver regeneration modulate the
immune response through changing the expression of the TLRs in the remaining
liver parts into which the cells are recruited or infused. This alteration may
contribute to the regeneration process following partial hepatectomy.

References

  • Aggrawal, S. & Pitteger, M.F. 2005. Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses. Blood, 105(4): 1815-1822.
  • Agnès, F., Shamoon, B., Dina, C., Rosnet, O., Birnbaum, D. & Galibert, F. 1994. Genomic structure of the downstream part of the human FLT3 gene: exon/intron structure conservation among genes encoding receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) of subclass III. Gene, 145(2): 283-288.
  • Akira, S., Uematsu, S. & Takeuchi, O. 2006. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell, 124: 783-801.
  • Alison, M. 1998. Liver stem cells: a two compartment system. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 10(6): 710-715.
  • Arancibia, S.A., Beltrán, C.J., Aguirre, I.M., Silva, P., Peralta, A.L., Malinarich, F. & Hermoso, M.A. 2007. Toll-like receptors are key participants in innate immune responses. Biological Research, 40: 97-112.
  • Aydin, I.T., Dalgic, A., Konu, O. & Akcali, K.C. 2007. Cloning and expression profile of Flt3 gene during progenitor cell-dependent liver regeneration. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 22(12): 2181-2188.
  • Bartholomew, A., Sturgeon, C., Siatskas, M., Ferrer, K., McIntosh, K., Patil, S. Hardy, W., Devine, S., Ucker, D., Deans, R., Moseley, A. & Hoffman R. 2002. Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo. Experimental Hematology, 30(1): 42-8.
  • Bussolati, B., Tetta, C. & Camussi, G. 2008. Contribution of stem cells to kidney repair. American Journal of Nephrology, 28(5): 813-822.
  • Campbell, J.S., Riehle, K.J., Brooling, J.T., Bauer, R.L., Mitchell, C. & Fausto, N. 2006. Proinflammatory cytokine production in liver regeneration is Myd88-dependent, but independent of Cd14, Tlr2, and Tlr4. The Journal of Immunology, 176(4): 2522-2528.
  • Cornell, R.P. 1985. Gut-derived endotoxin elicits hepatotrophic factor secretion for liver regeneration. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 249(5): R551-R562.
  • Cornell, R.P., Liljequist, B.L. & Bartizal, K.F. 1990. Depressed liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy of germ-free, athymic and lipopolysaccharide-resistant mice. Hepatology, 11: 916-922.
  • da Silva Meirelles, L., Caplan, A.I. & Nardi, N.B. 2008. Stem Cells In search of the in vivo identity of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells, 26(9): 2287-2299.
  • Fausto, N., Campbell, J.S. & Riehle, K.J. 2006. Liver regeneration. Hepatology, 43: 45-53.
  • Friedenstein, A.J., Chailakhyan, R.K. & Latisinik, N.V. 1970. Cell Tissue Kinet The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell and Tissue Kinetics, 3(4): 393-403.
  • Gursel, M., Gursel, I., Mostowski, H.S. & Klinman, D.M. 2006. CXCL16 influences the nature and specificity of CpG-induced immune activation. The Journal of Immunology, 177: 1575- 80.
  • Higgins, G.M. & Anderson, R.M. 1931. Experimental pathology of the liver. I. Restoration of the white rats following partial surgical removal. Archives Pathology, 12: 186-202.
  • Hofstetter, C.P., Schwarz, E.J., Hess, D., Widenfalk, J., El Manira, A., Prockop, D.J. & Olson, L. 2002. Marrow stromal cells form guiding strands in the injured spinal cord and promote recovery. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99: 2199-04.
  • Horwitz, E.M., Prockop, D.J., Fitzpatrick, L.A., Koo, W.W., Gordon, P.L., Neel, M., Sussman, M., Orchard, P., Marx, J.C. & Pyeritz, R.E. 1999. Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nature Medicine, 5(3): 309-13.
  • Hritz, I., Velayudham, A., Dolganiuc, A., Kodys, K., Mandrekar, P., Kurt‐Jones, E. & Szabo, G. 2008. Bone marrow–derived immune cells mediate sensitization to liver injury in a myeloid differentiation factor 88–dependent fashion. Hepatology, 48(4): 1342-1347.
  • Hubert, F.-X., Voisine, C., Louvet, C., Heslan, J.-M., Ouabed, A., Heslan, M. & Josien, R. 2006. Differential pattern recognition receptor expression but stereotyped responsiveness in rat spleen dendritic cell subsets. The Journal of Immunology, 177: 1007-1016.
  • Inoue, S., Popp, F.C., Koehl, G.E., Piso, P., Schlitt, H.J., Geissler, E.K. & Dahlke, M.H. 2006. Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Organ Transplant Model. Transplantation, 81:1589-95.
  • Koç, O.N., Gerson, S.L., Cooper, B.W., Dyhouse, S.M., Haynesworth, S.E., Caplan, A.I. & Lazarus, H.M. 2000. Rapid hematopoietic recovery after coinfusion of autologous-blood stem cells and culture-expanded marrow mesenchymal stem cells in advanced breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18(2): 307-307.
  • Kopen, G.C., Prockop, D.J. & Phinney, D.G. 1999. Marrow stromal cells migrate throughout forebrain and cerebellum, and they differentiate into astrocytes after injection into neonatal mouse brains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96: 10711-10716.
  • Kumagai, Y., Takeuchi, O. & Akira, S. 2008. Pathogen recognition by innate receptors. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 14(2): 86-92.
  • Kuo, T.K., Hung, S.P., Chuang, C.H., Chen, C.T., Shih, Y.R.V., Fang, S.C.Y., Yang, V.W. & Lee, O.K. 2008. Stem cell therapy for liver disease: parameters governing the success of using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Gastroenterology, 134(7): 2111-2121.
  • Lee, R.H., Kim, B., Choi, I., Kim, H., Choi, H.S., Suh, K., Bae, Y.C. & Jung, J.S. 2004. Characterization and expression analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 14(4-6): 311-324.
  • Mackay, A., Beck, S., Jaiswal, R., Douglas, R., Mosca, J., Moorman, M., Simonetti, D., Craig, S. & Marshak, D. 1999. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science, 284(5411): 143-147.
  • Mangi, A.A., Noiseux, N., Kong, D., He, H., Rezvani, M., Ingwall, J.S. & Dzau, V.J. 2003. Mesenchymal stem cells modified with Akt prevent remodeling and restore performance of infarcted hearts. Nature Medicine, 9: 1195-1201.
  • Matty, M.A. 2008. Treatment of acute lung injury: Clinical and experimental studies. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 5(3): 297-299.
  • Minguell, J.J., Erices, A. & Conget, P. 2001. Mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 226(6): 507-520.
  • Najimi, M. & Sokal, E. 2005. Liver cell transplant. Minevra Pediatrica, 57: 243-57.
  • Orlic, D., Kajstura, J., Chimenti, S., Jakoniuk, I., Anderson, S.M., Li, B. Pickel, J., McKay, R., Nadal-Ginard, B., Bodine, D.M., Leri, A. & Anversa P. 2001. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature, 410(6829): 701-705.
  • Pevsner-Fischer, M., Morad, V., Cohen-Sfady, M., Rousso-Noori, L., Zanin-Zhorov, A., Cohen, S., Cohen, I.R. & Zipori, D. 2007. Toll-like receptors and their ligands control mesenchymal stem cell functions. Blood, 109: 1422-32.
  • Petite, H., Viateau, V., Bensaid, W., Meunier, A., de Pollak, C., Bourguignon, M., Oudina, K., Sedel, L. & Guillemin, G. 2000. Tissue-engineered bone regeneration. Nature Biotechnology, 18(9): 959-63.
  • Phillippe, A.L., Compard, D., Smets, F., Najimi, M. & Sokal E.M. 2008. Stem cells for liver tissue repair: Current knowledge and perspectives. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14: 864-75.
  • Popp, F.C., Slowik, P., Eggenhofer, E., Renner, P., Lang, S.A., Stoeltzing, O., Geissler, E.K., Piso, P., Schlitt, H.J. & Dahlke, M.H. 2007. No contribution of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to liver regeneration in a rat model of prolonged hepatic injury. Stem Cells, 25(3): 639-645.
  • Rasmusson, I. 2006. Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental cell research, 312(12): 2169-79.
  • Seki, E., Tsutsui, H., Iimuro, Y., Naka, T., Son, G., Akira, S., Kishimoto, T., Nakanishi, K. & Fujimoto, J. 2005. Contribution of Toll‐like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling to murine liver regeneration. Hepatology, 41(3): 443-450.
  • Shiratori, Y., Hongo, S., Hikiba, Y., Ohmura, K., Nagura, T., Okano, K.i., Kamii, K., Tanaka, T., Komatsu, Y. & Ochiai, T. 1996. Role of macrophages in regeneration of liver. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 41(10): 1939-1946.
  • Stagg, J. 2006. Immune regulation by mesenchymal stem cells: two sides to the coin. Tissue Antigens, 69: 1-9.
  • Starzl, T.E., Marchioro, T.L., Von Kaulla, K.N., Hermann, G., Brittain, R.S. & Waddell, W.R. 1963. Homotransplantation of the liver in humans. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, 117: 659-676.
  • Stéphenne, X., Najimi, M., Sibille, C., Nassogne, M.C., Smets, F. & Sokal, E.M. 2006. Sustained engraftment and tissue enzyme activity after liver cell transplantation for argininosuccinate lyase deficiency. Gastroenterology, 130: 1317-1323.
  • Takeshita, F., Gursel. I., Ishii, K.J., Suzuki, K., Gursel, M. & Klinman, D.M. 2004. Signal transduction pathways mediated by the interaction of CpG DNA with Toll-like receptor 9. In Seminars in Immunology, 16(1):17-22.
  • Tokcaer-Keskin, Z., Akar, A.R., Ayaloglu-Butun, F., Terzioglu-Kara, E., Durdu, S., Ozyurda, U., Uğur, M. & Akcali, K.C. 2009. Timing of induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation for in vitro cultured mesenchymal stem cells: a perspective for emergencies. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 87(2):143-50.
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Article/Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Hande Kocak This is me 0000-0002-7816-6938

Zeynep Tokcaer-keskin This is me 0000-0002-7816-6938

Burcu İnsal This is me 0000-0002-7816-6938

İhsan Gursel 0000-0002-7816-6938

Kamil Can Akçalı 0000-0002-7816-6938

Publication Date February 1, 2019
Submission Date December 30, 2018
Acceptance Date January 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Special Issue: Stem Cell

Cite

APA Kocak, H., Tokcaer-keskin, Z., İnsal, B., Gursel, İ., et al. (2019). ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 20, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.505243
AMA Kocak H, Tokcaer-keskin Z, İnsal B, Gursel İ, Akçalı KC. ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. February 2019;20:1-10. doi:10.23902/trkjnat.505243
Chicago Kocak, Hande, Zeynep Tokcaer-keskin, Burcu İnsal, İhsan Gursel, and Kamil Can Akçalı. “ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 20, February (February 2019): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.505243.
EndNote Kocak H, Tokcaer-keskin Z, İnsal B, Gursel İ, Akçalı KC (February 1, 2019) ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 20 1–10.
IEEE H. Kocak, Z. Tokcaer-keskin, B. İnsal, İ. Gursel, and K. C. Akçalı, “ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION”, Trakya Univ J Nat Sci, vol. 20, pp. 1–10, 2019, doi: 10.23902/trkjnat.505243.
ISNAD Kocak, Hande et al. “ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 20 (February 2019), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.505243.
JAMA Kocak H, Tokcaer-keskin Z, İnsal B, Gursel İ, Akçalı KC. ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2019;20:1–10.
MLA Kocak, Hande et al. “ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, vol. 20, 2019, pp. 1-10, doi:10.23902/trkjnat.505243.
Vancouver Kocak H, Tokcaer-keskin Z, İnsal B, Gursel İ, Akçalı KC. ADMINISTRATION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS MODULATE TLR EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2019;20:1-10.

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