A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR

Zafer Şakacı; Yılmaz Çamlıtepe

doi:10.23902/trkjnat.1106928

Research Article

A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR

Year 2022, Volume: 23 Issue: Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect, 41 - 51, 20.07.2022

Zafer Şakacı Yılmaz Çamlıtepe

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1106928

Abstract

Mosquitoes are the major vectors that can transmit many diseases agents to humans and animals. This study was conducted in Edirne central district between July 2017 and July 2018 to identify important mosquito vector species, to determine their seasonality and distribution pattern in general terms. Larvae, pupae, and adults were collected from areas assessed as being particularly suitable for medically important species of the genus Aedes Meigen, Culex Linnaeus, and Anopheles Meigen. In addition to the foci naturally found in the areas, ovitraps placed in suitable places for ovipositing were also used. As a result, a total of 3155 females and 353 males belonging to 11 species of 5 genera were obtained. Among these species, Anopheles sacharovi Favre (the primary vector of malaria in Turkey) and Culex pipiens s.l. Linnaeus (the primary vector of West Nile Fever) has been recognized as a public health threat to the province. Anopheles sacharovi was present at a very low population level, while Cx. pipiens s.l. was determined as the most common and numerous species in the study area. Known to have a high preference for warmer climate compared to members of the Anopheles maculipennis s.l. Meigen, An. sacharovi has the risk of increasing its population in the region with possible global warming in the future. The importance of this risk increases even more since rice production is widespread especially in Edirne and this species can use the paddy fields as an effective breeding place. While Aedes caspius Pallas was commonly encountered, Aedes albopictus Skuse was not found during the field observation and ovitrap controls.

Keywords

Mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sacharovi, Edirne, Edirne, Malaria, Malaria

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Unit of Trakya University

Project Number

TUBAP 2018/132

References

1. Akbay, Y. 2016. Monthly propagation characteristics of Culex spp. in Tekirdag (MSc Thesis), Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, 53 pp.
2. Akıner, M.M. & Çağlar, S.S. 2010. Birecik, Beyşehir ve Çankırı bölgelerinde Anopheles maculipennis grup türlerinin polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) kullanarak araştırılması. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 34(1): 50-54.
3. Akiner, M.M., Demirci, B., Babuadze, G., Robert, V. & Schaffner, F. 2016. Spread of the Invasive Mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the Black Sea Region Increases Risk of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Outbreaks in Europe. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(4): 1-5.
4. Alten, B. & Çağlar, S.S. 1998. Vektör ekolojisi ve mücadelesi. “Sıtma vektörünün biyo-ekolojisi mücadele organizasyonu ve yöntemleri”. Bizim Büro Basımevi, Ankara, 238 pp.
5. Alten, S.B., Çağlar, S.S. & Özer, N. 2000. Malaria and its vectors in Turkey. European Mosquito Bulletin, 7: 27‐33.
6. Alver, O. & Ener, B. 2018. Bursa’da 2013-2014 yılları arasında sıtma epidomiyolojisi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 75(1): 37-42.
7. Ay, G., Gürcan, Ş., Otkun, M.T., Tuğrul, M. & Otkun, M. 2004. Edirne’de 1994-2002 yılları arasında saptanan sıtma olgularının özellikleri. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 38: 113-120.
8. Becker, N., Petric, D., Zgomba, M., Boase, C., Madon, M., Dahl, C. & Kaiser, A. 2010. Mosquitoes and Their Control. Second Edition. Springer, Heidelberg, New York, 577 pp.
9. Carrieri, M., Albieri, A., Angelini, P., Baldacchini, F., Venturelli, C., Mascali, Zeo S. & Bellini, R. 2011. Surveillance of the chikungunya vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Emilia-Romagna (northern Italy): organizational and technical aspects of a large scale monitoring system. Journal of Vector Ecology, 36(1): 108-116.
10. Climate-data.org. Climate data for cities worldwide. https://en.climate-data.org. (Data accessed: August 2021).
11. Cunze, S., Koch, L.K., Kochmann, J. & Klimpel, S. 2016. Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus – two invasive mosquito species with different temperature niches in Europe. Parasites and Vectors, 9: 573.
12. Çağlar, S.S., Skavdis, G., Özer, N., Alten, B., Şimşek F.M., Akıner, M.M., Kaynaş, S., Kuyucu, A.C. & Vontas, J. 2008. Study of the Resistance in Commonly Used Insecticides, of Natural Mosquito Populations, in the Province of Thrace (Greece and Turkey). TÜBİTAK TBAG Final Project Report 105T531. Ankara, 114 pp.
13. Darsie, R.E. & Samanidou-Voyadjoglou, A. 1997. Keys for the identification of the mosquitoes of Greece. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 13: 247-254.
14. Daskova, N.G. & Rasnicyn, S.P. 1982. Review of data on susceptibility of mosquitos in the USSR to imported strains of malaria parasites. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 60(6): 893-897. 15. Deniz, O. 2015. Ortadoğu ve Asya Kökenli Göçmenlerin Göç Güzergahında Türkiye Opsiyonu. Sosyoloji Divanı, 6: 209-231.
16. Ertuğ, S., Gürel, M., Eyigör, M. & Doyuran, E.S. 2002. Aydın yöresinde sıtma olguları. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2): 5-8.
17. Gratz, N.G. 2004. Critical review of the vector status of Aedes albopictus. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 18(3): 215-227.
18. Gutsevich, A.V., Monchadskii, A.S. & Shtakel`berg, A.A. 1974. Fauna SSSR, family Culicidae. IPST Publishers, Leningrad, 412 pp.
19. Günay, F. 2015. Molecular analyses of the mosquito fauna of Turkey through DNA barcoding (PhD Thesis), Hacettepe University, Ankara, 120 pp.
20. Higa, Y. 2011. Dengue vectors and their spatial distribution. Tropical Medicine and Health, 39(4): 17-27.
21. İpek, E. 2016. Monthly propagation characteristics of Culiseta spp. in Tekirdag (MSc Thesis), Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey, 52 pp.
22. Kirwan, G.M., Ozen, M., Ertuhan, M. & Atahan, A. 2014. Turkey Bird Report 2007-2011. Sandgrouse, 36: 146-175.
23. Koçak, A.Ö. & Kemal, M. 2014. Revised and advanced list of dipteran species of Turkey. Cesa News, 98: 14-105.
24. Little, E., Bajwa, W. & Shaman, J. 2017. Local environmental and meteorological conditions influencing the invasive mosquito Ae. albopictus and arbovirus transmission risk in New York City. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11(8): e0005828. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005828
25. Medlock, J.M., Hansford, K.M., Versteirt, V., Cull, B., Kampen, H., Fontenille, D., Hendrickx, G., Zeller, H., Van, Bortel W. & Schaffner, F. 2015. An entomological review of invasive mosquitoes in Europe. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 105(6): 637-663.
26. Oter, K., Gunay, F., Tuzer, E., Linton, Y.M., Bellini, R. & Alten, B. 2013. First record of Stegomyia albopicta in Turkey determined by active ovitrap surveillance and DNA barcoding. Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases, 13(10): 753-61.
27. Öter, K. 2007. Identification of the mosquito species in İstanbul, Turkey (PhD Thesis), İstanbul University, İstanbul, 177 pp.
28. Öter, K. & Tüzer, E. 2014. Composition of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Istanbul. Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, 40(2): 249-259.
29. Özbilgin, A., Topluoglu, S., Es S., Islek, E., Mollahaliloglu, S. & Erkoc, Y. 2011. Malaria in Turkey: Successful control and strategies for achieving elimination. Acta Tropica, 120: 15-23.
30. Parrish, D.W. 1959. The mosquitoes of Turkey. Mosquito News, 19: 264-266.
31. Paupy, C., Delatte, H., Bagny, L., Corbel, V. & Fontenille, D. 2009. Aedes albopictus, an arbovirus vector: From the darkness to the light. Microbes and Infection, 11(14-15): 1177- 1185.
32. Ramsdale, C.D., Alten, B., Çaglar, S.S. & Özer, N. 2001. A revised, annotated checklist of the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae ) of Turkey. European Mosquito Bulletin, 9: 18-27.
33. Sarıkaya, Y. 2017. Identification of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) around refugee zones of the Turkish border with Syria and on migration routes of refugees (MSc Thesis), Hacettepe University, Ankara, 64 pp.
34. Service, M.W. 1993. Mosquito Ecology. “Field sampling methods”. Second edition. Elsevier Science Publishers, Essex, 988 pp.
35. Sevgili, E. 2009. Molecular characterization of Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Turkey. Master’s thesis. Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey, 70 pp.
36. Sevgili, E. & Simsek, F.M. 2012. Distribution Pattern and Molecular Identification of Anopheles maculipennis Complex in Eight River Basins of Anatolia, Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 8(2): 223-231.
37. Simsek, F.M., Ulger, C., Akiner, M.M., Tuncay, S.S., Kiremit, F. & Bardakci, F. 2011. Molecular identification and distribution of Anopheles maculipennis complex in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 39(4–6): 258–265.
38. Suter, T.T., Flacio, E., Feijoó Fariña B., Engeler, L., Tonolla, M., Regis, L.N., de Melo Santos M.A.V. & Müller, P. 2016. Surveillance and control of Aedes albopictus in the Swiss-Italian border region: differences in egg densities between intervention and non- intervention areas. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(1): e0004315. doi:10.1371/journal. pntd.0004315
39. Şakacı, Z. 2021. Contribution to mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna of Sakarya province and the first record of the invasive vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) for Kocaeli province. Journal of Balıkesir University Instıtute of Science and Technology, 23(1): 10-21.
40. Taşlıgil, N. & Şahin, G. 2011. Türkiye’de çeltik (Oryza sativa L.) yetiştiriciliği ve coğrafi dağılımı. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (6): 182-203.
41. Thavara, U., Tawatsin, A. & Chansang, C. 2001. Larval occurrence, oviposition behaviour and biting activity of potential mosquito vectors of dengue on Samui Island, Thailand. Journal of Vector Ecology, 26(2): 172-180.
42. Tseroni, M., Baka, A., Kapizioni, C., Snounou, G., Tsiodras, S., Charvalakou, M., Georgitsou, M., Panoutsakou, M., Psinaki, I., Tsoromokou, M., Karakitsos, G., Pervanidou, D., Vakali, A., Mouchtouri, V., Georgakopoulou, T., Mamuris, Z., Papadopoulos, N., Koliopoulos, G., Badieritakis, E., Diamantopoulos, V., Tsakris, A., Kremastinou, J. & Hadjichristodoulou, C. 2015. Prevention of malaria resurgence in Greece through the association of mass drug administration (mda) to immigrants from malaria-endemic regions and standard control measures. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(11): e0004215, doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004215.
43. Tuna, B. 2012. Trakya Koşulları Çeltik (Oryza sativa L.) Tarımında Farklı Sulama Uygulamaları ve Su-Verim Kalite İlişkilerinin Belirlenmesi (PhD Thesis), Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, 109 pp.
44. Vanlandingham, D.L., Higgs, S. & Huang, Y.J.S. 2016. Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and mosquito-borne viruses in the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53(5): 1024-1028.
45. Veronesi, R., Gentile, G., Carrieri, M., Maccagnani, B., Stermieri, L. & Bellini, R. 2012. Seasonal pattern of daily activity of Aedes caspius, Aedes detritus, Culex modestus, and Culex pipiens in the Po Delta of northern Italy and significance for vector-borne disease risk assessment. Journal of Vector Ecology, 37: 49-61.
46. World Health Organization & University of California, San Francisco. 2013. The long road to malaria elimination in Turkey. Case-study No. 5, Geneva: World Health Organization, 79 pp. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/94961/9789241506403_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Data accessed: April 2022).
47. Yavaşoglu, S.İ., Yaylagül, E.Ö., Akıner, M.M., Ülger, C., Çağlar, S.S. & Şimşek, F.M. 2019. Current insecticide resistance status in Anopheles sacharovi and Anopheles superpictus populations in former malaria endemic areas of Turkey. Acta Tropica, 193: 148-157.

Year 2022, Volume: 23 Issue: Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect, 41 - 51, 20.07.2022

Zafer Şakacı Yılmaz Çamlıtepe

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1106928

Abstract

Sivrisinekler birçok hastalık etkenini insanlara ve hayvanlara bulaştırabilen en önemli vektörlerdir. Bu çalışma, önemli vektör sivrisinek türlerini belirlemek, genel anlamda mevsimselliklerini ve dağılım şekillerini belirlemek amacıyla Temmuz 2017-Temmuz 2018 tarihleri arasında Edirne merkez ilçesinde yürütülmüştür. Medikal olarak önem arz eden Aedes Meigen, Culex Linnaeus ve Anopheles Meigen cinslerine ait türler için özellikle uygun olduğu değerlendirilen alanlardan larva, pupa ve erginler toplanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra uygun noktalara ovitraplar yerleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak elde edilen 3155 dişi ve 353 erkek sivrisineğin 5 cinse ait 11 tür olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu türlerden Anopheles sacharovi Favre (Türkiye'de sıtmanın birincil vektörü) ve Culex pipiens s.l. Linnaeus (Batı Nil Ateşinin birincil vektörü), il için bir halk sağlığı tehdidi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Anopheles sacharovi çok düşük bir popülasyon düzeyinde temsil edilirken, Cx. pipiens s.l. çalışma alanında en yaygın ve yoğun tür olarak belirlenmiştir. Anopheles maculipennis Meigen tür kompleksi üyelerine kıyasla daha sıcak iklimi tercih ettiği bilinen An. sacharovi, gelecekte olası bir küresel ısınma ile bölgedeki nüfusunu artırma riski taşımaktadır. Özellikle Edirne'de çeltik üretiminin yaygın olması ve bu türün çeltik tarlalarını etkili bir üreme yeri olarak kullanabilmesi nedeniyle bu riskin önemi daha da artmaktadır. Aedes caspius Pallas türüne yaygın olarak rastlanırken, arazi gözlemleri ve ovitrap kontrolleri sırasında Ae. albopictus Skuse türüne rastlanmamıştır.

Project Number

TUBAP 2018/132

References

1. Akbay, Y. 2016. Monthly propagation characteristics of Culex spp. in Tekirdag (MSc Thesis), Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, 53 pp.
2. Akıner, M.M. & Çağlar, S.S. 2010. Birecik, Beyşehir ve Çankırı bölgelerinde Anopheles maculipennis grup türlerinin polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) kullanarak araştırılması. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 34(1): 50-54.
3. Akiner, M.M., Demirci, B., Babuadze, G., Robert, V. & Schaffner, F. 2016. Spread of the Invasive Mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the Black Sea Region Increases Risk of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Outbreaks in Europe. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(4): 1-5.
4. Alten, B. & Çağlar, S.S. 1998. Vektör ekolojisi ve mücadelesi. “Sıtma vektörünün biyo-ekolojisi mücadele organizasyonu ve yöntemleri”. Bizim Büro Basımevi, Ankara, 238 pp.
5. Alten, S.B., Çağlar, S.S. & Özer, N. 2000. Malaria and its vectors in Turkey. European Mosquito Bulletin, 7: 27‐33.
6. Alver, O. & Ener, B. 2018. Bursa’da 2013-2014 yılları arasında sıtma epidomiyolojisi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 75(1): 37-42.
7. Ay, G., Gürcan, Ş., Otkun, M.T., Tuğrul, M. & Otkun, M. 2004. Edirne’de 1994-2002 yılları arasında saptanan sıtma olgularının özellikleri. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 38: 113-120.
8. Becker, N., Petric, D., Zgomba, M., Boase, C., Madon, M., Dahl, C. & Kaiser, A. 2010. Mosquitoes and Their Control. Second Edition. Springer, Heidelberg, New York, 577 pp.
9. Carrieri, M., Albieri, A., Angelini, P., Baldacchini, F., Venturelli, C., Mascali, Zeo S. & Bellini, R. 2011. Surveillance of the chikungunya vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Emilia-Romagna (northern Italy): organizational and technical aspects of a large scale monitoring system. Journal of Vector Ecology, 36(1): 108-116.
10. Climate-data.org. Climate data for cities worldwide. https://en.climate-data.org. (Data accessed: August 2021).
11. Cunze, S., Koch, L.K., Kochmann, J. & Klimpel, S. 2016. Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus – two invasive mosquito species with different temperature niches in Europe. Parasites and Vectors, 9: 573.
12. Çağlar, S.S., Skavdis, G., Özer, N., Alten, B., Şimşek F.M., Akıner, M.M., Kaynaş, S., Kuyucu, A.C. & Vontas, J. 2008. Study of the Resistance in Commonly Used Insecticides, of Natural Mosquito Populations, in the Province of Thrace (Greece and Turkey). TÜBİTAK TBAG Final Project Report 105T531. Ankara, 114 pp.
13. Darsie, R.E. & Samanidou-Voyadjoglou, A. 1997. Keys for the identification of the mosquitoes of Greece. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 13: 247-254.
14. Daskova, N.G. & Rasnicyn, S.P. 1982. Review of data on susceptibility of mosquitos in the USSR to imported strains of malaria parasites. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 60(6): 893-897. 15. Deniz, O. 2015. Ortadoğu ve Asya Kökenli Göçmenlerin Göç Güzergahında Türkiye Opsiyonu. Sosyoloji Divanı, 6: 209-231.
16. Ertuğ, S., Gürel, M., Eyigör, M. & Doyuran, E.S. 2002. Aydın yöresinde sıtma olguları. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2): 5-8.
17. Gratz, N.G. 2004. Critical review of the vector status of Aedes albopictus. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 18(3): 215-227.
18. Gutsevich, A.V., Monchadskii, A.S. & Shtakel`berg, A.A. 1974. Fauna SSSR, family Culicidae. IPST Publishers, Leningrad, 412 pp.
19. Günay, F. 2015. Molecular analyses of the mosquito fauna of Turkey through DNA barcoding (PhD Thesis), Hacettepe University, Ankara, 120 pp.
20. Higa, Y. 2011. Dengue vectors and their spatial distribution. Tropical Medicine and Health, 39(4): 17-27.
21. İpek, E. 2016. Monthly propagation characteristics of Culiseta spp. in Tekirdag (MSc Thesis), Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey, 52 pp.
22. Kirwan, G.M., Ozen, M., Ertuhan, M. & Atahan, A. 2014. Turkey Bird Report 2007-2011. Sandgrouse, 36: 146-175.
23. Koçak, A.Ö. & Kemal, M. 2014. Revised and advanced list of dipteran species of Turkey. Cesa News, 98: 14-105.
24. Little, E., Bajwa, W. & Shaman, J. 2017. Local environmental and meteorological conditions influencing the invasive mosquito Ae. albopictus and arbovirus transmission risk in New York City. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11(8): e0005828. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005828
25. Medlock, J.M., Hansford, K.M., Versteirt, V., Cull, B., Kampen, H., Fontenille, D., Hendrickx, G., Zeller, H., Van, Bortel W. & Schaffner, F. 2015. An entomological review of invasive mosquitoes in Europe. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 105(6): 637-663.
26. Oter, K., Gunay, F., Tuzer, E., Linton, Y.M., Bellini, R. & Alten, B. 2013. First record of Stegomyia albopicta in Turkey determined by active ovitrap surveillance and DNA barcoding. Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases, 13(10): 753-61.
27. Öter, K. 2007. Identification of the mosquito species in İstanbul, Turkey (PhD Thesis), İstanbul University, İstanbul, 177 pp.
28. Öter, K. & Tüzer, E. 2014. Composition of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Istanbul. Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, 40(2): 249-259.
29. Özbilgin, A., Topluoglu, S., Es S., Islek, E., Mollahaliloglu, S. & Erkoc, Y. 2011. Malaria in Turkey: Successful control and strategies for achieving elimination. Acta Tropica, 120: 15-23.
30. Parrish, D.W. 1959. The mosquitoes of Turkey. Mosquito News, 19: 264-266.
31. Paupy, C., Delatte, H., Bagny, L., Corbel, V. & Fontenille, D. 2009. Aedes albopictus, an arbovirus vector: From the darkness to the light. Microbes and Infection, 11(14-15): 1177- 1185.
32. Ramsdale, C.D., Alten, B., Çaglar, S.S. & Özer, N. 2001. A revised, annotated checklist of the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae ) of Turkey. European Mosquito Bulletin, 9: 18-27.
33. Sarıkaya, Y. 2017. Identification of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) around refugee zones of the Turkish border with Syria and on migration routes of refugees (MSc Thesis), Hacettepe University, Ankara, 64 pp.
34. Service, M.W. 1993. Mosquito Ecology. “Field sampling methods”. Second edition. Elsevier Science Publishers, Essex, 988 pp.
35. Sevgili, E. 2009. Molecular characterization of Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Turkey. Master’s thesis. Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey, 70 pp.
36. Sevgili, E. & Simsek, F.M. 2012. Distribution Pattern and Molecular Identification of Anopheles maculipennis Complex in Eight River Basins of Anatolia, Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 8(2): 223-231.
37. Simsek, F.M., Ulger, C., Akiner, M.M., Tuncay, S.S., Kiremit, F. & Bardakci, F. 2011. Molecular identification and distribution of Anopheles maculipennis complex in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 39(4–6): 258–265.
38. Suter, T.T., Flacio, E., Feijoó Fariña B., Engeler, L., Tonolla, M., Regis, L.N., de Melo Santos M.A.V. & Müller, P. 2016. Surveillance and control of Aedes albopictus in the Swiss-Italian border region: differences in egg densities between intervention and non- intervention areas. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(1): e0004315. doi:10.1371/journal. pntd.0004315
39. Şakacı, Z. 2021. Contribution to mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna of Sakarya province and the first record of the invasive vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) for Kocaeli province. Journal of Balıkesir University Instıtute of Science and Technology, 23(1): 10-21.
40. Taşlıgil, N. & Şahin, G. 2011. Türkiye’de çeltik (Oryza sativa L.) yetiştiriciliği ve coğrafi dağılımı. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (6): 182-203.
41. Thavara, U., Tawatsin, A. & Chansang, C. 2001. Larval occurrence, oviposition behaviour and biting activity of potential mosquito vectors of dengue on Samui Island, Thailand. Journal of Vector Ecology, 26(2): 172-180.
42. Tseroni, M., Baka, A., Kapizioni, C., Snounou, G., Tsiodras, S., Charvalakou, M., Georgitsou, M., Panoutsakou, M., Psinaki, I., Tsoromokou, M., Karakitsos, G., Pervanidou, D., Vakali, A., Mouchtouri, V., Georgakopoulou, T., Mamuris, Z., Papadopoulos, N., Koliopoulos, G., Badieritakis, E., Diamantopoulos, V., Tsakris, A., Kremastinou, J. & Hadjichristodoulou, C. 2015. Prevention of malaria resurgence in Greece through the association of mass drug administration (mda) to immigrants from malaria-endemic regions and standard control measures. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(11): e0004215, doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004215.
43. Tuna, B. 2012. Trakya Koşulları Çeltik (Oryza sativa L.) Tarımında Farklı Sulama Uygulamaları ve Su-Verim Kalite İlişkilerinin Belirlenmesi (PhD Thesis), Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, 109 pp.
44. Vanlandingham, D.L., Higgs, S. & Huang, Y.J.S. 2016. Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and mosquito-borne viruses in the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53(5): 1024-1028.
45. Veronesi, R., Gentile, G., Carrieri, M., Maccagnani, B., Stermieri, L. & Bellini, R. 2012. Seasonal pattern of daily activity of Aedes caspius, Aedes detritus, Culex modestus, and Culex pipiens in the Po Delta of northern Italy and significance for vector-borne disease risk assessment. Journal of Vector Ecology, 37: 49-61.
46. World Health Organization & University of California, San Francisco. 2013. The long road to malaria elimination in Turkey. Case-study No. 5, Geneva: World Health Organization, 79 pp. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/94961/9789241506403_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Data accessed: April 2022).
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There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Structural Biology
Journal Section	Research Article/Araştırma Makalesi
Authors	Zafer Şakacı 0000-0002-6736-3792 Yılmaz Çamlıtepe 0000-0002-9759-2609
Project Number	TUBAP 2018/132
Publication Date	July 20, 2022
Submission Date	April 21, 2022
Acceptance Date	July 7, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 23 Issue: Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect

Cite

APA	Şakacı, Z., & Çamlıtepe, Y. (2022). A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 23(Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1106928
AMA	Şakacı Z, Çamlıtepe Y. A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. July 2022;23(Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect):41-51. doi:10.23902/trkjnat.1106928
Chicago	Şakacı, Zafer, and Yılmaz Çamlıtepe. “A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 23, no. Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect (July 2022): 41-51. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1106928.
EndNote	Şakacı Z, Çamlıtepe Y (July 1, 2022) A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 23 Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect 41–51.
IEEE	Z. Şakacı and Y. Çamlıtepe, “A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR”, Trakya Univ J Nat Sci, vol. 23, no. Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect, pp. 41–51, 2022, doi: 10.23902/trkjnat.1106928.
ISNAD	Şakacı, Zafer - Çamlıtepe, Yılmaz. “A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 23/Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect (July 2022), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1106928.
JAMA	Şakacı Z, Çamlıtepe Y. A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2022;23:41–51.
MLA	Şakacı, Zafer and Yılmaz Çamlıtepe. “A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, vol. 23, no. Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect, 2022, pp. 41-51, doi:10.23902/trkjnat.1106928.
Vancouver	Şakacı Z, Çamlıtepe Y. A MOSQUITO SURVEY OF CULICIDAE SPECIES AT EDİRNE CENTRAL DISTRICT FOR DISEASE VECTOR. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2022;23(Special Issue: Biodiversity of Insect):41-5.

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