COVID-19 pandemisinin kardiyovasküler sistem üzerine etkileri

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 33 - 36, 30.03.2021

Uğur Küçük Bahadır Kırılmaz

Abstract

Aralık 2019’da Wuhan’da başlayıp kısa sürede tüm dünyaya yayılarak pandemiye neden olan yeni bir virüs tespit edilmiştir. Tüm insanlığı çaresiz bırakan etken, 11 Şubat 2020 tarihinde Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından Ciddi Akut Solunumsal Sendrom-Koronavirüs-2 olarak tanımlamış ve klinikte ortaya çıkan hastalık ise Koronavirüs Hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) olarak tıp literatürüne eklenmiştir. Virüs özellikle akciğer tutulumuna bağlı olarak pnömoniye neden olsa da hastalık hakkında bilgimiz arttıkça inme, akut koroner sendromlar, embolik olaylar gibi kardiyovasküler olaylara neden olduğu görüldü. Pandeminin başlangıcıyla birlikte yapılan klinik çalışmalarda hem COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna bağlı aşırı duyarlılığın hem de kardiyovasküler sistem hastalıklarıyla olan bağlantılısı gösterilmiştir. COVID-19 enfeksiyonu kardiyovasküler sistem hastalığı olanlarda daha ağır geçtiği ve mortalite üzerine olumsuz etkisi olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu yazıda COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun kardiyovasküler sistem etkileri ve kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan bireylerdeki etkisi güncel literatür ışığında değerlendirildi.

Keywords

COVID-19, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, prognoz

Effects of the COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system during pandemic

Abstract

A new virus, which started in Wuhan in December 2019 and spread all over the world in a short time, causing the pandemic was detected. The factor that left all humanity desperate was defined as Serious Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the disease that emerged in the clinic was added to the medical literature as COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) (1). Although the virus causes pneumonia especially due to lung involvement, as our knowledge about the disease increased, it was observed that it caused cardiovascular events such as stroke, acute coronary syndromes, and embolic events. In clinical studies conducted with the onset of the pandemic, it has been shown that hypersensitivity due to COVID-19 infection is also associated with cardiovascular system (CVS) diseases due to the disease. It has been shown that COVID-19 infection is more severe in patients with CVS and has a negative effect on mortality. In this article, the CVS effects of COVID-19 infection and its effect on individuals with cardiovascular disease were evaluated in the light of the current literature.

Keywords

COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases, prognosis

References

• Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020;579:270–3. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020 Feb 28. [Epub ahead of print], doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
• Leung C. Clinical features of deaths in the novel coronavirus epidemic in China. Rev Med Virol 2020 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print], doi: 10.1002/rmv.2103.
• de Simone G, Mancusi C. Speculation is not evidence: antihypertensive therapy and COVID-19. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmaco- ther 2020 Apr 1. [Epub ahead of print], doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa021.
• Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, Gao H, Guo F, Guan B, et al. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury. Nat Med. 2005;11:875–9. Yang G, Tan Z, Zhou L, Yang M, Peng L, Liu J, et al. Effects Of ARBs and ACEIs on virus infection, inflammatory status and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with hypertension: a single center retrospective study. Hypertension. 2020;76:51–8.
• Lakkireddy DR, Chung MK, Gopinathannair R, et al. Guidance for Cardiac Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation 2020;141:e823.
• Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395:1054–62.
• Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol 2020;5:802–10.
• Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, et al. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19). JAMA Cardiol 2020;5:811–8.
• Giudicessi JR, Noseworthy PA, Friedman PA, et al. Urgent guidance for navigating and circumventing the QTc-prolonging and torsadogenic potential of possible pharmacotherapies for coronavirus disease 29 (COVID-19). Mayo Clin Proc 2020;95:1213–21.
• Martínez-Rubio A, Dan GA. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapies focus: are low doses of direct-acting oral anticoagulants justified and appropriate in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation? Eur Cardiol 2016;11:115–7.
• Azarkish M, Laleh Far V, Eslami M, Mollazadeh R. Transient complete heart block in a patient with critical COVID-19. Eur Heart J 2020;41:2131.
• Voors AA, Ouwerkerk W, Zannad F, van Veldhuisen DJ, Samani NJ, Ponikowski P, Ng LL, Metra M, Ter Maaten JM, Lang CC, Hillege HL, van der Harst P, Filippatos G, Dickstein K, Cleland JG, Anker SD, Zwinderman AH. Development and validation of multivariable models to predict mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017 May;19(5):627-634.
• Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020 Mar 11.
• Karmpaliotis D, Kirtane AJ, Ruisi CP, Polonsky T, Malhotra A, Talmor D, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic utility of brain natriuretic Peptide in subjects admitted to the ICU with hypoxic respiratory failure due to noncardiogenic and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest 2007;131:964–71.
• Liu K, Fang YY, Deng Y, Liu W, Wang MF, Ma JP, et al. Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020;133:1025−31.
• Chatre C, Roubille F, Vernhet H, Jorgensen C, Pers YM. Cardiac Complications Attributed to Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Drug Saf 2018;41:919–31.
• Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e205619. Amraei R, Rahimi N. COVID-19, Renin-Angiotensin System and Endothelial Dysfunction. Cells. 2020 Jul 9;9(7):1652.
• Romaguera R, Cruz-Gonzales I, Ojeda S, Javier Jiménez-Candil, Calvo D, Seara JG, et al. Consensus document of the Interventional Cardiology and Heart Rhythm Associations of the Spanish Society of Cardiology on the management of invasive cardiac proce- dure rooms during the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 2020 Mar 3, [Epub ahead of print], doi: 10.24875/RECICE.M20000116.
• Nai Fovino L, Cademartiri F, Tarantini G. Subclinical coronary artery disease in COVID-19 patients. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020 Sep 1;21(9):1055-1056.