Türkiye'de Ruh Sağlığı Politikası Reformu: Kullanıcı Gruplarının Yaklaşımı Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma

Year 2022, , 113 - 132, 30.01.2022

M. Kardelen Bilir Uslu

https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.977939

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Türkiye'nin ruh sağlığı politikası, 2006'dan beri bir dönüşüm sürecinden geçmektedir. Bu değişimin temel amacı, toplum temelli ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin kurulmasına öncelik vermek ve ülke çapında erişilebilir bir ruh sağlığı hizmet ağını kurmaktır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye'de ruh sağlığı politikası değişikliğinin siyasetini analiz etmekle birlikte bu süreçte kullanıcı gruplarının rolünü ve ruh sağlığı kullanıcı gruplarının bu dönüşüm hakkındaki görüşlerinin nitel analizini ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda, 2018 yılının Nisan ve Haziran ayları arasında Ankara, İstanbul ve İzmir'de ruh sağlığı kullanıcı gruplarının temsilcileriyle yürütülen 13 adet derinlemesine yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu makale, bu politika değişikliğinin hastane-toplum dengeli bakım modeli halini aldığını ve toplum temelli ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin kullanımını ve erişimini arttırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Öte yandan, toplum temelli ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin, kullanıcıların iyileşme süreçlerine sadece tıbbi açıdan yaklaşımları nedeniyle katılımcılar tarafından sorgulandığını ve bu politika değişikliğinin, Türkiye’deki ruh sağlığı sistemine iyileşmeyi kolaylaştıracak, sadece tıbbi destek yoluyla değil aynı zamanda ruh sağlığı sorunları yaşayan bireyleri güçlendirecek sosyal destek yoluyla bütüncül bir bakış açısı getirmede yetersiz kaldığını göstermiştir.

Keywords

toplum temelli ruh sağlığı hizmetleri, ruh sağlığı politikası, kullanıcı grupları, sosyal hizmetler, sosyal destek

Mental Healthcare Policy Reform in Turkey: A Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of User Groups

Abstract

The mental health policy of Turkey has been undergoing a transformation process since 2006. This change aims to prioritize the establishment of community-based mental health care services and to organize an accessible mental healthcare service network across the country. The main objective is to analyse the politics of mental health policy change in Turkey and to understand the role of user groups in this process by a qualitative analysis of the views of mental health user groups on these transformations. In this context, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with representatives (n = 13) of patient organisations based in Istanbul, Ankara and İzmir. This article reveals that this policy change took the form of the balanced care model, and the introduction of community-based mental health care centers provided to increase the utilization of mental health care services. However, the services in community-based settings were questioned by the respondents due to their purely medical approach to users' recovery processes and this policy change falls short of introducing a holistic perspective to the Turkish mental health care system that would facilitate recovery not only through medical support but also through social support that would empower individuals living with mental health issues.

Keywords

community-based mental healthcare services, mental health policy, user- groups, social services, social support

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