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THE EFFECTS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES ON SOCIAL WORK STUDENT’S LOCUS OF CONTROL AND WAYS OF COPINGIN TURKEY

Year 2004, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 83 - 93, 15.10.2004

Abstract

The
purpose of this research is to determine the effects of gender differences on
H.U.School of Social Work Students' ways of coping and locus of control in
Turkey. According to the findings, male students’ internal locus of control is
higher than female students'. The research also reveals that female students
seek more social support and feel helpless than male students do. Additionally,
male students are more optimistic than female students. Finally, research
results show that there is no difference in submissive and self-confidence
levels of the social work students.

References

  • Adame, D. A., Johnson, T. C., & Cole, S. P. (1989). Physical fitness, body image, and locus of control in college freshman men and women. Perceptual and Motor SkiIIs, 68, 400-402.
  • Aldwin, C. (1991). Does age affect the stress and coping process? Implications of age differences in perceived control. Jour¬nal of Gerontology, 46, 174-180.
  • Archer, S. L., & Waterman, A. S. (1988). Psychologicaİ individuation: Gender differences or gender neutrality? Human Development, 31, 65-81.
  • Aspiwall, L., & Taylor, S. (1992). Modeling cognitive adaptation: A logitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63 (6), 989-1003.
  • Auerbach, S. M., & Gramling, S. I. (1997). Stress management: Psychologicaİ foundations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Aydın, O. (1999). Problem solving skills of adolescents that have different type of locus of control. Unpublished master’s thesis. Erzurum, Turkey: Atatürk University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, (in Turkish)
  • Belle, D. (1991). Gender differences in the social moderators of stress. In A. Monat & R. Lazarus (Eds.), Stress and coping: An anthology (3rd ed., pp.21-35). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Cairns, E., McWhirter, L., Duffy, U., & Barry, R. (1990). The stability of self-concept in late adolescence: Gender and situational effects. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 937-944.
  • Camp, P.L. & Ganong, L.H. (1997). Locus of control and marital satisfaction in longterm marriages. Families in Society; 78, 6, 624-631.
  • Compas, B. E., Orosan, P. G. & Grant, K. E. (1993). Adolescent stress and coping: implications for psychopathology during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 16, 331-349.
  • Cileli, M. (2000). Change in value orientations of Turkish youth from 1989 to 1995. The Journal of Psychology, 134, 297-305.
  • Dag, I. (1991). Reliability and validity study of Rotter's Internal and External Locus of Control Scale for the university students. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7 (26), 10-16. (in Turkish)
  • Day, L. Arla & Livingstone, A. Holly. (2003). Gender differences in perceptions of stressors and utilization of social support among university students. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science. Ottowa;April 35 (2), 73-92.
  • Dellas, M., & Jernigan, L. P. (1987). Occupational identity status development, gender comparisons, and internal-external con¬trol in first-year Air Force cadets. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 587-600.
  • Duval, T. S., & Silvia, P. J. (2002). Self-awareness, probability of improvement and the self-serving bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82 (1), 49-61. Feenstra, J. S., Banyard, V. L., Rines, E. N„ & Hopkins, K. R. (2001). First-year students’ adaptation to college: The role of family variables and individual coping. Journal of College Student Development, 42 (2), 106- 113.
  • Frydenberg, E. & Lewis, R. (1991). Adolescent coping: The different ways in which boys and girls cope. Journal of Adolescence, 14, 119-133.
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An anaiysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Soci¬al Behavior, 21, 219-239.
  • Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S., Dunkel-Schet- ter, C., Delongis, A., & Gruen, R. (1986) The dynamics of a stressful encounter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 992-1003.
  • Geis, F. L. (1993). Self-fulfilling prophecies: A social psychological view of gender. In A. E. Beall & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of gender (pp. 9-54). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Guida, F. & Ludlov, L. (1989). A cross-cultural study of test anxiety. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 20 (2), 178-190.
  • Hamilton, S., & Fagot, B. I. (1988). Chronic stress and coping styles: A comparison of male and female undergraduates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55 (5), 819-823.
  • Il, S. (2003, October). Social-economic conditions of the Hacettepe University School of Social Work students. Antalya, Turkey: Social Work Symposium.
  • Imamoglu, E. O. (1987). An interdependence model of human development. In C. Kagitcibasi (Ed.), Growth and progress in cross-cultural psychology. (pp. 138-145). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (1984). Sex roles, value of children and fertility in Turkey. In Ç. Kagitci¬basi (Ed.). Sex roles, family and community in Turkey (pp. 151-180). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. & Sunar, D. (1992). Family and socialization in Turkey. In J. L. Roopnarine & D. B. Carten (Ed.), Parent-child socialization in diverse cultures, (pp.75-88). New Jersey: Ablex Pub. Corp.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (1997). Individualism and collectivism. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds.), Handbook of Cross- Cultural Psychology. Volume 3: Social Be-havior and Applications (pp. 1-50). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1984). Urban change and women's roles: An overview and evaluation. In Cigdem Kagitçibasi (Ed.), Sex roles, fa¬mily and community in Turkey (pp. 101 -120). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1995). Patterns of patriarchy: Notes for an analysis of male dominance in Turkish society. In S. Tekeli (ed.) Women in modern Turkish society pp. 306-319. London: Zed Books.
  • Karakitapoglu-Aygün, Z. & E.O. Imamoglu (2001). Perceived parenting, construct of self and well-being: The case of Turkish adolescents. Paper presented at annual meeting of Society for Cross-cultural Rese¬arch, San Diego, CA.
  • Karakitapoglu-Aygün, Z. (2002). Self-construals, perceived parenting styles and wellbeing in different cultural and socio- economic context. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical Univer¬sity, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Karakitapoglu-Aygün, Z. (2004). Self identity and emotional well-being among Turkish university students. The Journal of Psychology. 138 (5), 457-479.
  • Lefcourt, H. (1982). Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Linder, F. (1986). Locus of control, values, and political perspectives. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 62, 278.
  • Mocan-Aydin, G. (2000). Western models of counseling and psychotherapy within Turkey: Crossing cultural boundaries. The Counseling Psychologist, 28, 281-298.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressi ve episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569-582.
  • Porter, L., & Stone, A. (1995). Are there really gender differences in coping? A reconsideration of previous data and results from a daily study. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14 (2), 184-200.
  • Ptacek, J.T., Smith, R. E., & Dodge, K. L. (1994). Gender differences in coping with stress:When stressors and appraisals do not differ. Personality and Social Psycho-logy Bulletin, 20, 421-430.
  • Roodin, P.A., Broughton, A,, and Vaught, G. M. (1974). Effects of birth order, sex, and family size on field dependence and locus of control. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 39:671-676.
  • Rotter, J. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 609.
  • Şahin, N.H. & Durak, A. (1995). Coping sty!e scale: an adaptation study for university stundents. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10 (34), 56-73. (in Turkish)
  • Şahin, N.H. & Heppner, P.P. (1993). Psychomteric properties of the Problem Solving Inventory in a group of Turkish university students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17(4) 379-396.
  • Sedikies, C., & Strube, M. J. (1997). Self- evaluation: To thine own self be good, to thine own self be true, to thine own self be better. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 29,206-269.
  • Sheilds, N. (2001). Stress, active coping, and academic performance among persisting and nonpersisting college students. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 6(2), 65-81.
  • Sunar, D. G. (1982). Female stereotypes in the United States and Turkey: An application of functional theory to perception in power relationships. Journal of Cross- Cul¬tural Psychology, 13, 445-460.
  • Trope, Y., & Pomerantz, E. M. (1998). Resolving conflicts among self-evaluative motives: Positive experiences as a resource for overcoming defensiveness. Motivation and Emotion, 22, 53-72.

Sosyal Hizmet Öğrencilerinin Denetim Odağı ve Başetme Yolları Üzerinde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Farklılıklarının Etkileri

Year 2004, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 83 - 93, 15.10.2004

Abstract

Bu
araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de HÜ Sos­yal Hizmetler Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin
ba­şetme yolları ve denetim odakları üzerindeki toplumsal cinsiyet
farklılıklarının etkilerini belirlemektir. Bulgulara göre, erkek öğren­cilerin
iç denetim odaklan kız öğrencilerden daha yüksektir. Araştırma kız öğrencilerin
erkeklere göre daha çok sosyal destek ara­dıklarını ve çaresiz hissettiklerini
de ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca erkek öğrenciler kızlara göre daha iyimserdir. Son
olarak, araştırma sonuçları göstermiştir ki, sosyal hizmet öğ­rencilerinin başeğme
ve öz-güven düzeyleri arasında bir fark yoktur.

References

  • Adame, D. A., Johnson, T. C., & Cole, S. P. (1989). Physical fitness, body image, and locus of control in college freshman men and women. Perceptual and Motor SkiIIs, 68, 400-402.
  • Aldwin, C. (1991). Does age affect the stress and coping process? Implications of age differences in perceived control. Jour¬nal of Gerontology, 46, 174-180.
  • Archer, S. L., & Waterman, A. S. (1988). Psychologicaİ individuation: Gender differences or gender neutrality? Human Development, 31, 65-81.
  • Aspiwall, L., & Taylor, S. (1992). Modeling cognitive adaptation: A logitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63 (6), 989-1003.
  • Auerbach, S. M., & Gramling, S. I. (1997). Stress management: Psychologicaİ foundations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Aydın, O. (1999). Problem solving skills of adolescents that have different type of locus of control. Unpublished master’s thesis. Erzurum, Turkey: Atatürk University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, (in Turkish)
  • Belle, D. (1991). Gender differences in the social moderators of stress. In A. Monat & R. Lazarus (Eds.), Stress and coping: An anthology (3rd ed., pp.21-35). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Cairns, E., McWhirter, L., Duffy, U., & Barry, R. (1990). The stability of self-concept in late adolescence: Gender and situational effects. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 937-944.
  • Camp, P.L. & Ganong, L.H. (1997). Locus of control and marital satisfaction in longterm marriages. Families in Society; 78, 6, 624-631.
  • Compas, B. E., Orosan, P. G. & Grant, K. E. (1993). Adolescent stress and coping: implications for psychopathology during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 16, 331-349.
  • Cileli, M. (2000). Change in value orientations of Turkish youth from 1989 to 1995. The Journal of Psychology, 134, 297-305.
  • Dag, I. (1991). Reliability and validity study of Rotter's Internal and External Locus of Control Scale for the university students. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7 (26), 10-16. (in Turkish)
  • Day, L. Arla & Livingstone, A. Holly. (2003). Gender differences in perceptions of stressors and utilization of social support among university students. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science. Ottowa;April 35 (2), 73-92.
  • Dellas, M., & Jernigan, L. P. (1987). Occupational identity status development, gender comparisons, and internal-external con¬trol in first-year Air Force cadets. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 587-600.
  • Duval, T. S., & Silvia, P. J. (2002). Self-awareness, probability of improvement and the self-serving bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82 (1), 49-61. Feenstra, J. S., Banyard, V. L., Rines, E. N„ & Hopkins, K. R. (2001). First-year students’ adaptation to college: The role of family variables and individual coping. Journal of College Student Development, 42 (2), 106- 113.
  • Frydenberg, E. & Lewis, R. (1991). Adolescent coping: The different ways in which boys and girls cope. Journal of Adolescence, 14, 119-133.
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An anaiysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Soci¬al Behavior, 21, 219-239.
  • Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S., Dunkel-Schet- ter, C., Delongis, A., & Gruen, R. (1986) The dynamics of a stressful encounter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 992-1003.
  • Geis, F. L. (1993). Self-fulfilling prophecies: A social psychological view of gender. In A. E. Beall & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of gender (pp. 9-54). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Guida, F. & Ludlov, L. (1989). A cross-cultural study of test anxiety. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 20 (2), 178-190.
  • Hamilton, S., & Fagot, B. I. (1988). Chronic stress and coping styles: A comparison of male and female undergraduates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55 (5), 819-823.
  • Il, S. (2003, October). Social-economic conditions of the Hacettepe University School of Social Work students. Antalya, Turkey: Social Work Symposium.
  • Imamoglu, E. O. (1987). An interdependence model of human development. In C. Kagitcibasi (Ed.), Growth and progress in cross-cultural psychology. (pp. 138-145). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (1984). Sex roles, value of children and fertility in Turkey. In Ç. Kagitci¬basi (Ed.). Sex roles, family and community in Turkey (pp. 151-180). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. & Sunar, D. (1992). Family and socialization in Turkey. In J. L. Roopnarine & D. B. Carten (Ed.), Parent-child socialization in diverse cultures, (pp.75-88). New Jersey: Ablex Pub. Corp.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (1997). Individualism and collectivism. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds.), Handbook of Cross- Cultural Psychology. Volume 3: Social Be-havior and Applications (pp. 1-50). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1984). Urban change and women's roles: An overview and evaluation. In Cigdem Kagitçibasi (Ed.), Sex roles, fa¬mily and community in Turkey (pp. 101 -120). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1995). Patterns of patriarchy: Notes for an analysis of male dominance in Turkish society. In S. Tekeli (ed.) Women in modern Turkish society pp. 306-319. London: Zed Books.
  • Karakitapoglu-Aygün, Z. & E.O. Imamoglu (2001). Perceived parenting, construct of self and well-being: The case of Turkish adolescents. Paper presented at annual meeting of Society for Cross-cultural Rese¬arch, San Diego, CA.
  • Karakitapoglu-Aygün, Z. (2002). Self-construals, perceived parenting styles and wellbeing in different cultural and socio- economic context. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical Univer¬sity, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Karakitapoglu-Aygün, Z. (2004). Self identity and emotional well-being among Turkish university students. The Journal of Psychology. 138 (5), 457-479.
  • Lefcourt, H. (1982). Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Linder, F. (1986). Locus of control, values, and political perspectives. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 62, 278.
  • Mocan-Aydin, G. (2000). Western models of counseling and psychotherapy within Turkey: Crossing cultural boundaries. The Counseling Psychologist, 28, 281-298.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressi ve episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569-582.
  • Porter, L., & Stone, A. (1995). Are there really gender differences in coping? A reconsideration of previous data and results from a daily study. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14 (2), 184-200.
  • Ptacek, J.T., Smith, R. E., & Dodge, K. L. (1994). Gender differences in coping with stress:When stressors and appraisals do not differ. Personality and Social Psycho-logy Bulletin, 20, 421-430.
  • Roodin, P.A., Broughton, A,, and Vaught, G. M. (1974). Effects of birth order, sex, and family size on field dependence and locus of control. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 39:671-676.
  • Rotter, J. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 609.
  • Şahin, N.H. & Durak, A. (1995). Coping sty!e scale: an adaptation study for university stundents. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10 (34), 56-73. (in Turkish)
  • Şahin, N.H. & Heppner, P.P. (1993). Psychomteric properties of the Problem Solving Inventory in a group of Turkish university students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17(4) 379-396.
  • Sedikies, C., & Strube, M. J. (1997). Self- evaluation: To thine own self be good, to thine own self be true, to thine own self be better. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 29,206-269.
  • Sheilds, N. (2001). Stress, active coping, and academic performance among persisting and nonpersisting college students. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 6(2), 65-81.
  • Sunar, D. G. (1982). Female stereotypes in the United States and Turkey: An application of functional theory to perception in power relationships. Journal of Cross- Cul¬tural Psychology, 13, 445-460.
  • Trope, Y., & Pomerantz, E. M. (1998). Resolving conflicts among self-evaluative motives: Positive experiences as a resource for overcoming defensiveness. Motivation and Emotion, 22, 53-72.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sunay İl This is me

Veli Duyan This is me

Publication Date October 15, 2004
Submission Date August 15, 2004
Published in Issue Year 2004 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İl, S., & Duyan, V. (2004). THE EFFECTS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES ON SOCIAL WORK STUDENT’S LOCUS OF CONTROL AND WAYS OF COPINGIN TURKEY. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 15(2), 83-93.