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Macera Terapisinin Sosyal Hizmetteki Yeri ve Önemi

Year 2021, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 317 - 335, 28.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.751573

Abstract

Doğal ortamda macera aktivitelerini terapötik değişim için kullanan macera terapisi, uluslararası alanda klinik müdahale ve toplum sağlığı hizmeti olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ele aldığı sorunlar daha çok bireysel düzeyde görüldüğü için genellikle psikoloji alanının uygulaması olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ancak çeşitli ülkelerde sosyal hizmet müdahalesi olarak da yaygın bir kullanımı vardır. Macera terapisi, özellikle grup çalışması olarak uygulanır ve “şimdi ve burada”ya odaklanır. Katılımcıların, kasıtlı olarak seçilen sıkıntılı ortamlara sokulması sonucunda bu zorlukların çözülmesiyle güçlü yönlerinin farkına varmaları ve baş etme kapasitelerinin artırılması hedeflenir. Bu bağlamda sosyal hizmetin güçlendirme yaklaşımı ile pek çok boyutta örtüşür ve topluma kendine yeten, aktif bireyler kazandırtmayı amaçlar. Bu çalışmada macera terapisinin terapötik kazanımlarının sosyal hizmet müdahalesine uygunluğu ve uygulanabilirliği ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye’de yeni bir çalışma ve istihdam alanı olabilecek bu terapinin odak gruplarına ve temel özelliklerine değinilmiştir.

References

  • Kaynakça
  • Akbaş, A.,(2019). Sosyal Hı̇zmetı̇n Revı̇ze Edı̇len Küresel Tanımının Gösterdı̇klerı̇: Paradı̇gma Değişimi. Turkish Studies - Social Sciences 14 (5). 1953 – 1954.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007). National survey of mental health and wellbeing: Summary of results (ABS Cat. No. 4326.0). Canberra, ACT: Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved
  • Bacon, S. (1983). ”The conscious use of metaphor in Outward Bound”. Denver, CO: Outward Bound. Erişim adresi: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED296848
  • Berman, D. S., & Davis-Berman, J. L. (1989 The Wilderness Therapy Program: An empirical study of its effects with adolescents in an outpatient setting. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. 19(4). S. 271 – 281
  • Berınger, A. (2004). ”Toward an Ecological Paradigm in Adventure Programming”, Journal of Experiential Education, 27( 1). 51-66
  • Bird, A., (2007). Nature’s Metaphysics Laws and Propertie Clarendon Press – Oxford. [Adobe Acrobat Reader sürümü]. Erişim adresi:  http://125.234.102.146:8080/dspace/bitstream/DNULIB_52011/3559/1/nature%27s_metaphysics_laws_and_properties_2010.pdf
  • Bowen, D. J., & Neill, J. T. (2013). A meta-analysis of adventure therapy outcomes and moderator The Open Psychology Journal, 6, 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350120130802001
  • Bowen, D., J., Neill, J., T., Crisp, J.R. (2016). Wilderness adventure therapy effects on the mental health of youth participant Evaluation and Program Planning 58, 49–59
  • Bowen, D., J., Neill, J., T., Williams I., R., Mak, A., S., Allen, N., B., Olsson, C. A. (2016). A Profile of Outdoor Adventure Interventions for Young People in Australia. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership (8) 1. No. 1, 26–40
  • Crisp, (1998). International models of best practice in wilderness and adventure therapy. C. Itin (Ed.), Exploring the boundaries of adventure therapy: International perspective Proceedings of the 1st International Adventure Therapy Conference. Boulder, CO: Association for Experiential Education.
  • Crisp, S. J. R., Noblet, L., & Hinch, C. (2004). Guidelines for the practice of wilderness adventure therapy: findings from the systemic wilderness adventure therapy research and development (SWATRAD) project. Melbourne, Australia: YouthPsych Consulting.
  • Coşar, Y. (2005) Kentleşen Türkiye’de Çocuk Suçluluğu. TBB Dergisi, Sayı 56 s.281-327
  • Department of Health and Ageing. (2013). National mental health report 2013: Tracking progress of mental health reform in Australia 1993-2011. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov. au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ Erişim : B090F03865A7FAB9CA257C1B0079E198/$File/rep13.pdf.
  • Derezotes, D. , (1999). Advanced generalist social work practice. Sage Publications, Inc.
 95 – 98
  • Dewey, J., (1966). Tecrübe ve eğitim (Experience and Education) Çevirmen: F.Başaran ve F.Varış, Hürriyet, İstanbul.
  • Ewert, A., And Garvey, D. (2007). Philosophy and theory of adventure education. In D. Prouty, J. Panicucci, & R. Collinson (Ed.), Adventure education: Theory and application Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic 19-32
  • Gass, M. A., Gillis, H. L. & Russell, K. (2012). Adventure therapy: Theory, practice, and research. NY: Routledge Publishing Company.
  • Gillis, H. L., & Thomsen, D. (1996). A research update of adventure therapy (1992-1995): Challenge activities and ropes courses, wilderness expeditions, and residential camping program In Coalition for Education in the Outdoors Research Symposium Proceeding 3, 77–90). Indiana: Bradford Wood Erişim: http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED413128
  • Griswold, Jason. (2014). Mental Health Professionals' Use of Adventure Therapy with Couples and Families. Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers (3) Erişim: https://sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/321
  • Hans, T. A. (2000). A meta analysis of the effects of adventure programming on locus of control. Journal of Contemoporary Psychotherapy, 30(1), 33-60.
  • Hayward, R. A., Miller, E. and Shaw, T. V. (2013). ‘Social work education on the environment in contemporary curricula in the USA’, Gray, M., Coates, J. and Hetherington, T. (Eds), Environmental Social Work, Oxon, Routledge.
  • Houston, P. D., Knabb, J. J., Welsh, R. K., Houskamp, B. M. ve Brokaw, D. (2010). Wilderness therapy as a specialized competency. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(2), 52-66.
  • International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) (2014). Global definition of social work. http://ifsw.org/policies/definition-of-social-work/
  • Kahraman, S , Saatcı, A , Baran, T . (2011). The Fourth Vısıt Of John Dewey To Turkey Problem Based Learning Experience in Turkey. Education Sciences , 6 (4), 2459-2468 . Erişim: http://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nwsaedu/issue/19818/212024
  • Kaplan, S. And Talbot, J.F. (1983). Psychological benefits of a wilderness experience. In: Behavior and the natural environment. Springer US, 163-203
  • Karakuyu, M., 2002. Şehirleşmenin Küresel İklim Sapmaları Ve Taşkınlar Üzerindeki Etkisi. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi. Sayı:6,s. 97-108
  • Karatekin, K., Çetinkaya, Ç. (2013). Okul Bahçelerinin Çevre Eğitimi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi (Manisa İli Örneği). Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6 (27), 312-314. Issn: 1307-9581
  • Koperski, H.; Tucker, A.; Lung, M.; & Gass, M. A. (2015). The Impact of Community Based Adventure Therapy on Stress and Coping Skills in Adults. The Practitioner Scholar: Journal of Counseling and Professional Psychology 4(1), 1-16.
  • Koyuncu, M. (2019). Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Alternatif Yaklaşım: Orman Okullarında Öğretmen, Veli Ve Yönetici Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, 54-55.
  • Newes, S. ve Bandroff, S. (2004). What is Adventure Therapy. B. Humberstone, (Ed.), Coming of Age: The Evolving Field of Adventure Therapy 136-151. Boulder: Association for Experiential Education.
  • Öztürk, A., Ç., ve Turan Kızıldoğan, E. (2017). Yaşlı Bireylerin Kentsel/Kamusal Mekânları Kullanım Analizi: Eskişehir Örneği. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi (YSAD) 10 (1). S. 1-13. ISSN 1308-5816 Erişim : http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/yasad/
  • Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory. Oxford University Press
  • Perkins, D. F., & Borden, L. M. (2003). Positive behaviors, problem behaviors, and resiliency in adolescence. In I. B. Weiner, R. M. Lerner, M. A. Easterbrooks, & J. Mistry (Eds.), Handbook of psychology s. 373–394 New York: Wiley.
  • Pryor, A., Carpenter, C., Townsend, M. (2005). Outdoor Education and Bush Adventure Therapy: A Socio-ecological Approach to Healt and Wellbeing. Austalian Journal of Outdoor Education, (9)1, 3-13.
  • Rakar-Szabo, N., Fleischer, C., Van Hoof, L., Sbarra, , Erlendsdottir, H., Rose, A. Ve Nolle, W. (2017) A Literature Review ’Adventure Therapy with Youth at Risk’ Focusing on key-elements of common understanding within the European Adventure Therapy Partnership project ‘Reaching Further’ Erişim: http://adventuretherapy.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ATE_Literature-Review-to-Findings-about-AT_2017.pdf
  • Ritchie, D., Patrick K., Corbould, G. M., Harper, N. J., Oddson, B. E. (2016). An Environmental Scan of Adventure Therapy in Canada. Journal of Experiential Education 1–(18), 3-13 DOI: 10.1177/1053825916655443
  • Stake, R. R. (2005). Case studie In N. K. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Ed), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (Third edition). London: Sage.
  • Stilgoe, J. R. (2001). Gone barefoot lately? American, Journal of Preventative Medicine, 20, 243-244.
  • Şirin –Ayva, A. B., Canel, A. N. (2019). Psikolojik Danışma Sürecinde Yeni Bir Model: Macera Terapisi. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi 2019, 9(1), 47-65, doi: 10.23863/kalem.2019.119
  • Thompson, Neil (2016). Güç ve Güçlendirme. D.B. Çiftci (Çeviri Editörü), A. Ege, E. Beydilli Gürbüz, H. Albayrak, N. Çalış (Çevirenler) Ankara: Bizim Büro Ofset Matbaacılık.
  • Thompson, Neil (2016). Kuram ve Uygulamada Sosyal Hizmeti Anlamak. Çev., Buğra Yıldırım, Burcu Hatiboğlu Eren, Çağıl Öngen, Eda Beydili, Gamze Erikçü Akbaş, İlkay Başak Adıgüzel, Sinan Akçay, Özge Sanem Özateş Gelmez. (3. B). 119 Ankara: Dipnot.
  • Tucker, A. R., & Norton, C. L. (2013). The use of adventure therapy techniques by clinical social workers: Implications for practice and training. Clinical Social Work Journal, 41, 333– 343. doi: 10.1007/s10615-012-0411-4
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı Erişim : https://genclikkamplari.gsb.gov.tr/bir-kardeslik-iklimi-tr-0718.pdf
  • Türkiye Erozyonla Mücadele, Ağaçlandırma ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı (TEMA) Erişim 12.04.2020 http://tema.org.tr/web_14966-2_1/entitialfocuaspx?primary_id=496&type=2&target=categorial1&detail=single&sp_table=&sp_primary=&sp_table_extra=&openfrom=sortial
  • Türkiye Erozyonla Mücadele, Ağaçlandırma ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı (TEMA) Erişim 12.04.2020 http://www.tema.org.tr/web_14966-2_1/entitialfocuaspx?primary_id=498&type=2&target=categorial1&detail=single&sp_table=&sp_primary=&sp_table_extra=&openfrom=sortial
  • Yıldız, E., Aylaz, R., Güneş G. (2018). Kentleşme ve Ruh Sağlığı: Uluslararası Literatürün Gözden Geçirilmesi. II. Uluslararası Şehir, Çevre ve Sağlık Kongresi. S. 492 - 495
  • Yılmaz, S., Bulut, Z. (2003). Kentsel Mekanlarda Çocuk Oyun Alanlarının Yeri ve Önemi: Erzurum Örneği. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 158.
  • Young, T.,M. (1994). Environmental modification in clinical social work: A self-psychological perspective. Social Service Review, 68(2), 202-218.

The Role and Importance of Adventure Therapy in Social Work

Year 2021, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 317 - 335, 28.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.751573

Abstract

Adventure therapy, which uses adventure activities for therapeutic change in a natural environment, is used as a clinical intervention and community health service in the international arena. Since the problems, it deals with, were mostly seen at the individual level, they were generally evaluated as the application of the field of psychology. However, it is also widely used as a social work intervention in various countries. Adventure therapy is especially applied as group work and focuses on “now and here”. As a result of the deliberate selection of the participants into distressed environments, it is aimed to realize their strengths and increase their coping capacities by solving these difficulties. In this context, it coincides with the empowerment approach of social work in many dimensions and aims to bring self-sufficient and active individuals to society. In this study, the suitability and applicability of many more therapeutic achievements of adventure therapy to social work intervention were discussed. It would also be a novel area for work and employment in Turkey has been referred as the focus groups and the basic features of this therapy. 

References

  • Kaynakça
  • Akbaş, A.,(2019). Sosyal Hı̇zmetı̇n Revı̇ze Edı̇len Küresel Tanımının Gösterdı̇klerı̇: Paradı̇gma Değişimi. Turkish Studies - Social Sciences 14 (5). 1953 – 1954.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007). National survey of mental health and wellbeing: Summary of results (ABS Cat. No. 4326.0). Canberra, ACT: Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved
  • Bacon, S. (1983). ”The conscious use of metaphor in Outward Bound”. Denver, CO: Outward Bound. Erişim adresi: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED296848
  • Berman, D. S., & Davis-Berman, J. L. (1989 The Wilderness Therapy Program: An empirical study of its effects with adolescents in an outpatient setting. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. 19(4). S. 271 – 281
  • Berınger, A. (2004). ”Toward an Ecological Paradigm in Adventure Programming”, Journal of Experiential Education, 27( 1). 51-66
  • Bird, A., (2007). Nature’s Metaphysics Laws and Propertie Clarendon Press – Oxford. [Adobe Acrobat Reader sürümü]. Erişim adresi:  http://125.234.102.146:8080/dspace/bitstream/DNULIB_52011/3559/1/nature%27s_metaphysics_laws_and_properties_2010.pdf
  • Bowen, D. J., & Neill, J. T. (2013). A meta-analysis of adventure therapy outcomes and moderator The Open Psychology Journal, 6, 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350120130802001
  • Bowen, D., J., Neill, J., T., Crisp, J.R. (2016). Wilderness adventure therapy effects on the mental health of youth participant Evaluation and Program Planning 58, 49–59
  • Bowen, D., J., Neill, J., T., Williams I., R., Mak, A., S., Allen, N., B., Olsson, C. A. (2016). A Profile of Outdoor Adventure Interventions for Young People in Australia. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership (8) 1. No. 1, 26–40
  • Crisp, (1998). International models of best practice in wilderness and adventure therapy. C. Itin (Ed.), Exploring the boundaries of adventure therapy: International perspective Proceedings of the 1st International Adventure Therapy Conference. Boulder, CO: Association for Experiential Education.
  • Crisp, S. J. R., Noblet, L., & Hinch, C. (2004). Guidelines for the practice of wilderness adventure therapy: findings from the systemic wilderness adventure therapy research and development (SWATRAD) project. Melbourne, Australia: YouthPsych Consulting.
  • Coşar, Y. (2005) Kentleşen Türkiye’de Çocuk Suçluluğu. TBB Dergisi, Sayı 56 s.281-327
  • Department of Health and Ageing. (2013). National mental health report 2013: Tracking progress of mental health reform in Australia 1993-2011. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov. au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ Erişim : B090F03865A7FAB9CA257C1B0079E198/$File/rep13.pdf.
  • Derezotes, D. , (1999). Advanced generalist social work practice. Sage Publications, Inc.
 95 – 98
  • Dewey, J., (1966). Tecrübe ve eğitim (Experience and Education) Çevirmen: F.Başaran ve F.Varış, Hürriyet, İstanbul.
  • Ewert, A., And Garvey, D. (2007). Philosophy and theory of adventure education. In D. Prouty, J. Panicucci, & R. Collinson (Ed.), Adventure education: Theory and application Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic 19-32
  • Gass, M. A., Gillis, H. L. & Russell, K. (2012). Adventure therapy: Theory, practice, and research. NY: Routledge Publishing Company.
  • Gillis, H. L., & Thomsen, D. (1996). A research update of adventure therapy (1992-1995): Challenge activities and ropes courses, wilderness expeditions, and residential camping program In Coalition for Education in the Outdoors Research Symposium Proceeding 3, 77–90). Indiana: Bradford Wood Erişim: http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED413128
  • Griswold, Jason. (2014). Mental Health Professionals' Use of Adventure Therapy with Couples and Families. Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers (3) Erişim: https://sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/321
  • Hans, T. A. (2000). A meta analysis of the effects of adventure programming on locus of control. Journal of Contemoporary Psychotherapy, 30(1), 33-60.
  • Hayward, R. A., Miller, E. and Shaw, T. V. (2013). ‘Social work education on the environment in contemporary curricula in the USA’, Gray, M., Coates, J. and Hetherington, T. (Eds), Environmental Social Work, Oxon, Routledge.
  • Houston, P. D., Knabb, J. J., Welsh, R. K., Houskamp, B. M. ve Brokaw, D. (2010). Wilderness therapy as a specialized competency. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(2), 52-66.
  • International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) (2014). Global definition of social work. http://ifsw.org/policies/definition-of-social-work/
  • Kahraman, S , Saatcı, A , Baran, T . (2011). The Fourth Vısıt Of John Dewey To Turkey Problem Based Learning Experience in Turkey. Education Sciences , 6 (4), 2459-2468 . Erişim: http://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nwsaedu/issue/19818/212024
  • Kaplan, S. And Talbot, J.F. (1983). Psychological benefits of a wilderness experience. In: Behavior and the natural environment. Springer US, 163-203
  • Karakuyu, M., 2002. Şehirleşmenin Küresel İklim Sapmaları Ve Taşkınlar Üzerindeki Etkisi. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi. Sayı:6,s. 97-108
  • Karatekin, K., Çetinkaya, Ç. (2013). Okul Bahçelerinin Çevre Eğitimi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi (Manisa İli Örneği). Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6 (27), 312-314. Issn: 1307-9581
  • Koperski, H.; Tucker, A.; Lung, M.; & Gass, M. A. (2015). The Impact of Community Based Adventure Therapy on Stress and Coping Skills in Adults. The Practitioner Scholar: Journal of Counseling and Professional Psychology 4(1), 1-16.
  • Koyuncu, M. (2019). Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Alternatif Yaklaşım: Orman Okullarında Öğretmen, Veli Ve Yönetici Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, 54-55.
  • Newes, S. ve Bandroff, S. (2004). What is Adventure Therapy. B. Humberstone, (Ed.), Coming of Age: The Evolving Field of Adventure Therapy 136-151. Boulder: Association for Experiential Education.
  • Öztürk, A., Ç., ve Turan Kızıldoğan, E. (2017). Yaşlı Bireylerin Kentsel/Kamusal Mekânları Kullanım Analizi: Eskişehir Örneği. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi (YSAD) 10 (1). S. 1-13. ISSN 1308-5816 Erişim : http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/yasad/
  • Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory. Oxford University Press
  • Perkins, D. F., & Borden, L. M. (2003). Positive behaviors, problem behaviors, and resiliency in adolescence. In I. B. Weiner, R. M. Lerner, M. A. Easterbrooks, & J. Mistry (Eds.), Handbook of psychology s. 373–394 New York: Wiley.
  • Pryor, A., Carpenter, C., Townsend, M. (2005). Outdoor Education and Bush Adventure Therapy: A Socio-ecological Approach to Healt and Wellbeing. Austalian Journal of Outdoor Education, (9)1, 3-13.
  • Rakar-Szabo, N., Fleischer, C., Van Hoof, L., Sbarra, , Erlendsdottir, H., Rose, A. Ve Nolle, W. (2017) A Literature Review ’Adventure Therapy with Youth at Risk’ Focusing on key-elements of common understanding within the European Adventure Therapy Partnership project ‘Reaching Further’ Erişim: http://adventuretherapy.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ATE_Literature-Review-to-Findings-about-AT_2017.pdf
  • Ritchie, D., Patrick K., Corbould, G. M., Harper, N. J., Oddson, B. E. (2016). An Environmental Scan of Adventure Therapy in Canada. Journal of Experiential Education 1–(18), 3-13 DOI: 10.1177/1053825916655443
  • Stake, R. R. (2005). Case studie In N. K. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Ed), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (Third edition). London: Sage.
  • Stilgoe, J. R. (2001). Gone barefoot lately? American, Journal of Preventative Medicine, 20, 243-244.
  • Şirin –Ayva, A. B., Canel, A. N. (2019). Psikolojik Danışma Sürecinde Yeni Bir Model: Macera Terapisi. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi 2019, 9(1), 47-65, doi: 10.23863/kalem.2019.119
  • Thompson, Neil (2016). Güç ve Güçlendirme. D.B. Çiftci (Çeviri Editörü), A. Ege, E. Beydilli Gürbüz, H. Albayrak, N. Çalış (Çevirenler) Ankara: Bizim Büro Ofset Matbaacılık.
  • Thompson, Neil (2016). Kuram ve Uygulamada Sosyal Hizmeti Anlamak. Çev., Buğra Yıldırım, Burcu Hatiboğlu Eren, Çağıl Öngen, Eda Beydili, Gamze Erikçü Akbaş, İlkay Başak Adıgüzel, Sinan Akçay, Özge Sanem Özateş Gelmez. (3. B). 119 Ankara: Dipnot.
  • Tucker, A. R., & Norton, C. L. (2013). The use of adventure therapy techniques by clinical social workers: Implications for practice and training. Clinical Social Work Journal, 41, 333– 343. doi: 10.1007/s10615-012-0411-4
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı Erişim : https://genclikkamplari.gsb.gov.tr/bir-kardeslik-iklimi-tr-0718.pdf
  • Türkiye Erozyonla Mücadele, Ağaçlandırma ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı (TEMA) Erişim 12.04.2020 http://tema.org.tr/web_14966-2_1/entitialfocuaspx?primary_id=496&type=2&target=categorial1&detail=single&sp_table=&sp_primary=&sp_table_extra=&openfrom=sortial
  • Türkiye Erozyonla Mücadele, Ağaçlandırma ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı (TEMA) Erişim 12.04.2020 http://www.tema.org.tr/web_14966-2_1/entitialfocuaspx?primary_id=498&type=2&target=categorial1&detail=single&sp_table=&sp_primary=&sp_table_extra=&openfrom=sortial
  • Yıldız, E., Aylaz, R., Güneş G. (2018). Kentleşme ve Ruh Sağlığı: Uluslararası Literatürün Gözden Geçirilmesi. II. Uluslararası Şehir, Çevre ve Sağlık Kongresi. S. 492 - 495
  • Yılmaz, S., Bulut, Z. (2003). Kentsel Mekanlarda Çocuk Oyun Alanlarının Yeri ve Önemi: Erzurum Örneği. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 158.
  • Young, T.,M. (1994). Environmental modification in clinical social work: A self-psychological perspective. Social Service Review, 68(2), 202-218.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Onur Keskin 0000-0002-9407-2755

Publication Date January 28, 2021
Submission Date June 12, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 32 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Keskin, O. (2021). Macera Terapisinin Sosyal Hizmetteki Yeri ve Önemi. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 32(1), 317-335. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.751573